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Prediction verification of solar cycles 18–24 and a preliminary prediction of the maximum amplitude of solar cycle 25 based on the Precursor Method

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第1期20卷 27-34页

作者： Juan Miao xin Wang Ting-Ling ren Zhi-Tao Li National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Predictions of the strength of solar cycles are important and are necessary for planning long-term missions.A new solar cycle 25 is coming soon,and the amplitude is needed for space weather *** predictions have been made using different methods and the values are drastically ***,since 2015 July 1,the original sunspot number data have been entirely replaced by the Version 2.0 data series,and the sunspot number values have changed *** this paper,using Version 2 smoothed sunspot numbers and aa indices,we verify the predictions for cycles 18-24 based on Ohl’s Precursor *** a similar-cycles method is used to evaluate the aa minimum of 9.7(±1.1)near the start of cycle 25 and based on the linear regression relationship between sunspot maxima and aa minima,our predicted Version 2maximum sunspot number for cycle 25 is 121.5(±32.9).

关键词： solar cycle sunspot geomagnetic aa indices

Targeting the PD-L1 cytoplasmic domain and its regulatory pathways to enhance cancer immunotherapy

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2023年第11期15卷 12-20页

作者： Fangni Chai Pan Li xin Liu Zhihui Zhou Haiyan ren Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu 610041China

As a significant member of the immune checkpoint,programmed cell death 1 ligand 1(PD-L1)plays a critical role in cancer immune escape and has become an important target for cancer *** approved drugs mainly target the extracellular domain of ***,the small cytoplasmic domain of PD-L1 has been reported to regulate PD-L1 stability and function through multiple ***,the intracellular domain of PD-L1 and its regulatory pathways could be promising targets for cancer therapy,expanding available strategies for combined ***,we summarize the emerging roles of the PD-L1 cytoplasmic domain and its regulatory *** conserved motifs,homodimerization,and posttranslational modifications ofthe PD-L1 cytoplasmic domain have been reported to regulate the membrane anchoring,degradation,nucleartranslocation,and glycosylation of *** summary provides a comprehensive understanding of the functions of the PD-L1 cytoplasmic domain and evaluates the broad prospects for targeted therapy.

关键词： PD-L1 cytoplasmic domain immunotherapy posttranslational modification

Effects of scandium chloride on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第1期40卷 161-168页

作者： Na ren xin Yu Aizhu Wang Na Liang Zhichao Feng Chunhui Sun Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research(iAIR)University of JinanJinan 250022China School of Biological Science and Technology University of JinanJinan 250022China

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multi-potent cells that are able to differentiate and mature into various types of cells under a certain microenvironment for cell therapy and tissue ***(Sc),an important rare earth element,recently has been intensively investigated in biomedical fields as well as industrial engineering,and chloride channels have been proven to be able to affect osteogenic ***,it is significant to investigate effects of ScCl_(3)on cell activities of *** this paper,rat bone MSCs(rBMSCs)were co-cultured with various concentrations of ScCl_(3)(1×10^(-8),1×10^(-6),and 1×10^(-4)mol/L)to evaluate their influence on cell proliferation as well as osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in *** results indicate that ScCl_(3)promotes the proliferation of rBMSCs initially,which is yet reduced upon ion *** used immunofluorescence staining,quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions,and assays measuring alkaline phosphatase activity,mineralized deposits,and intracytoplasmic lipids to reveal that rBMSCs treated with ScCl_(3)at concentrations of 1×10^(-8)-1×10^(-6)mol/L can enhance levels of osteogenic differentiation in a dosedependent manner and reduce adipogenic differentiation to a certain degree through Wnt/β-catenin signaling *** results indicate that appropriate concentrations of ScCl_(3)can improve osteogenic differentiation in the lineage commitment of rBMSCs,and thus,promote bone *** study implies that ScCl_(3) possesses great potentials in the treatment of bone diseases and would provide new strategy of designing composites by SiCl3 doping for biomedical applications in the future.

关键词： Scandium Mesenchymal stem cells Osteogenic differentiation Adipogenic differentiation Dose-dependent effects Wnt/3-catenin signaling pathway

Metal-organic framework-derive d carbon-base d composites for electromagnetic wave absorption:Dimension design and morphology regulation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第1期132卷 223-251页

作者： Yujie ren xin Wang Jiaxin Ma Qi Zheng Lianjun Wang Wan Jiang State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials and College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Institute of Functional Materials Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology Ministry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

Developing highly efficient microwave absorbing materials(MAMs)to ameliorate the electromagnetic(EM)response and facilitate energy absorption is crucial in both the civil and military ***-organic framework(MOF)derived nanoporous carbon composites have emerged as advanced MAMs ow-ing to their rich porosity,tunable compositions,facile functionalization,and morphology ***-gether with the flourishing development of composition-tuning strategy,the rational dimension design and elaborate control over the architectures have also evolved into an effective approach to regulating their EM ***,we provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances in using di-mension and morphology modulation to adjust the microwave attenuation capacities for MOF-derived carbon *** underlying design rules and unique advantages for the MAMs of various dimen-sions were discussed with the selection of representative work,providing general concepts and insight on how to efficiently tune the ***,the fundamental dimension-morphology-function relationship was also ***,the challenges and perspectives of dimension design and mor-phology control over MOF-derived MAMs were also presented.

关键词： MOF-derived carbon composites Electromagnetic microwave absorption Dimension design Morphology regulation

The effects of climate warming on microbe-mediated mechanisms of sediment carbon emission

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第7期129卷 16-29页

作者： Weiwei Lü Haoyu ren Wanchang Ding He Li xin Yao Xia Jiang College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration TechnologyChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of Environment and Planning University of LiaochengLiaocheng 252000China

Due to significant differences in biotic and abiotic properties of soils compared to those of sediments,the predicted underlying microbe-mediated mechanisms of soil carbon emissions in response to warming may not be applicable for estimating similar emissions from inlandwater *** addressed this issue by incubating different types of sediments,(including lake,small river,and pond sediments)collected from 36 sites across the Yangtze River basin,under short-term experimentalwarming to explore the effects of climatewarming on sediment carbon emission and the underlying microbe-mediated *** results indicated that under climate warming Cc emissions were affected more than CH_(4) emissions,and that pond sediments may yield a greater relative contribution of CO_(2) to total carbon emissions than lake and river ***-induced CO_(2) and CH_(4) increases involve different microbe-mediated mechanisms;Warming-induced sediment CO_(2) emissions were predicted to be directly positively driven by microbial community network modularity,which was significantly negatively affected by the quality and quantity of organic carbon and warming-induced variations in dissolved oxygen,Conversely,warminginduced sediment CH_(4) emissionswere predicted to be directly positively driven bymicrobial community network complexity,which was significantly negatively affected by warminginduced variations in *** findings suggest that biotic and abiotic drivers for sediment CO_(2) and CH_(4) emissions in response to climate warming should be considered separately when predicting sediment organic carbon decomposition dynamics resulting from climate change.

关键词： Inland water sediments Temperature sensitivity Carbon emission Microbe-mediated mechanism Short-term experimental warming

To increase more than 10% in efficiency of perovskite solar cells by using nanoholes SnO_(2)

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Rare Metals 2021年第10期40卷 2778-2784页

作者： Shu-ren Sun Xi-Xi Xie Guo-Gang Qin Li-xin Xiao State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

The perovskite solar cells have been intensively investigated these years due to their premium electrical and optical properties as well as huge potential for *** order to further increase the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of the thin film perovskite solar cells, light management should be taken into consideration. Herein, we apply a lithography method to transfer randomly distributed polystyrene(PS) nanospheres into the electron transporting SnO_(2) layer, by means of which, a nanoholes structure is formed. Finally, we get a nanostructured perovskite layer under low temperature(less than 150 ℃).The depth of SnO_(2) nanoholes is around 60 nm when the device is fabricated with 300-nm PS, and 150 nm in depth when 500-nm PS is used. The device gains PCE of 17.97%,which is 12.3% higher than that with planar electrontransporting SnO_(2) layer and 300-nm CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3) *** findings provide an applicable method to improve the light absorption, which can not only make the absorbing layer of lead-based perovskite solar cells thinner to help decrease the content of lead, but also increase the PCE of non-lead perovskite devices.

关键词： Light trap Perovskite Solar cell Nanohole Nanosphere lithography

Global patterns of soil phosphatase responses to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 200-210页

作者： Xiaomei GOU Yongqing ren xin QIN Xiaorong WEI Jingjing WAng State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau the Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China River and Lake Management Office Shaanxi Provincial Department of Water ResourcesXi'an 710004China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi'an 710061China

Hydrolysis of organic phosphorus(P) by soil phosphatases is an important process of P cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, significantly affected by nitrogen(N) and/or P fertilization. However, how soil acid phosphatase(ACP) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities respond to N and/or P fertilization and how these responses vary with climatic regions, ecosystem types, and fertilization management remain unclear. This knowledge gap hinders our ability to assess P cycling and availability from a global perspective. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the global patterns of soil ACP and ALP activities in response to N and/or P addition. We also examined how climatic regions(arctic to tropical), ecosystem types(cropland, grassland, and forest), and fertilization management(experiment duration and fertilizer type and application rate) affected changes in soil phosphatases after fertilization. It was shown that N fertilizer resulted in 10.1% ± 2.9% increase in soil ACP activity but a minimal effect on soil ALP activity. In contrast, P fertilizer resulted in 7.7% ± 2.6% decrease in soil ACP activity but a small increase in soil ALP activity. The responses of soil ACP and ALP activities to N and/or P fertilization were largely consistent across climatic regions but varied with ecosystem types and fertilization management, and the effects of ecosystem types and fertilization management were enzyme-dependent. Random forest analysis identified climate(mean annual precipitation and temperature) and change in soil pH as the key factors explaining variations in soil ACP and ALP activities. Therefore, N input and ecosystem types should be explicitly disentangled when assessing terrestrial P cycling.

关键词： acid phosphatase alkaline phosphatase ecosystem type fertilization management meta-analysis phosphorus cycling phosphorus limitation

Sensitivity analysis of Biome-BGCMuSo for gross and net primary productivity of typical forests in China

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第1期9卷 111-123页

作者： Hongge ren Li Zhang Min Yan xin Tian xingbo Zheng Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100094China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing100091China Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems Chinese Academy of SciencesAntu133613JilinChina

Background:Process-based models are widely used to simulate forest productivity,but complex parameterization and calibration challenge the application and development of these *** analysis of numerous parameters is an essential step in model calibration and carbon flux ***,parameters are not dependent on each other,and the results of sensitivity analysis usually vary due to different forest types and ***,global and representative sensitivity analysis would provide reliable information for simple ***:To determine the contributions of input parameters to gross primary productivity(GPP)and net primary productivity(NPP),regression analysis and extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity testing(EFAST)were conducted for Biome-BGCMuSo to calculate the sensitivity index of the parameters at four observation sites under climate gradient from ***:Generally,GPP and NPP were highly sensitive to C:Nleaf(C:N of leaves),Wint(canopy water interception coefficient),k(canopy light extinction coefficient),FLNR(fraction of leaf N in Rubisco),MRpern(coefficient of linear relationship between tissue N and maintenance respiration),VPDf(vapor pressure deficit complete conductance reduction),and SLA1(canopy average specific leaf area in phenological phase 1)at all observation *** sensitive parameters occurred at four observation sites within different climate *** and NPP were particularly sensitive to FLNR,SLA1 and Wint,and C:Nleaf in temperate,alpine and subtropical zones,***:The results indicated that sensitivity parameters of China's forest ecosystems change with climate *** found that parameter calibration should be performed according to plant functional type(PFT),and more attention needs to be paid to the differences in climate and *** findings contribute to determining the target parameters in field experiments and model calibration.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis Biome-BGCMuSo Productivity Regression analysis EFAST

Effects of Aerobic and Anoxic Conditions on the Corrosion Behavior of NiCu Low Alloy Steel in the Simulated Groundwater Solutions

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第5期36卷 745-757页

作者： xin Wei Yupeng Sun Junhua Dong Nan Chen Qiying ren Wei Ke Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Environmental Corrosion Centre of Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China

The present work focused on investigating the corrosion behavior of NiCu low alloy steel in 0.05 M NaHCO_(3) solutions with different Cl−concentrations under the aerobic–anoxic *** results showed that NiCu steel tended to be pseudo-passivated in the solutions of 0.05 M NaHCO_(3) and 0.05 M NaHCO_(3)+0.01 M NaCl exposed to *** cathodic process transformed from oxygen reduction to the common reduction of oxygen andα-FeOOH,while the anodic process was the iron *** Cl^(−)increased to 0.1 M,the steel tended to be activity *** to the blocking effect of rust layer on the oxygen,the cathodic process transformed to the reduction ofα-*** the solutions were deoxidized,the cathodic process was controlled by only rust ***,both the cathodic process and anodic process of NiCu steel corrosion were significantly *** the whole aerobic–anoxic immersion,the corrosion rate of NiCu steel increased with Cl^(−)*** was not only related to the promotion of Cl^(−)on the anodic dissolution of steel,but also related to the cathodic reduction of moreα-FeOOH generated,which could accelerate the cathodic process.

关键词： Low alloy steel Aerobic-anoxic condition Corrosion behavior Corrosion products Electrochemical measurements