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Changes in soil organic carbon and aggregate stability after conversion to conservation tillage for seven years in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1202-1211页

作者： SHU xin ZHU An-ning ZHANG Jia-bao YANG Wen-liang xin xiu-li ZHANG Xian-feng State Experimental Station of Agro-Ecosystem in Fengqiu State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Soil aggregate stability and organic carbon（OC） are regarded as effective indicators of soil structure and quality. A longterm field experiment was established in 2006 to examine the influence of tillage systems on soil aggregation and OC in a sandy loam soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. The study involved eight treatments： plowing every year with（TS） and without residue（T）, plowing every 2 years with（2TS） and without residue（2T）, plowing every 4 years with（4TS） and without residue（4T）, and no plowing with（NTS） and without residue（NT）. In 2013, soil samples were collected at depths of 0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm, and separated into three aggregate-size classes： macroaggregates（〉250 μm）, microaggregates（53–250 μm） and the silt＋clay fraction（〈53 μm） using wet sieving method. Soil parameters measured were water-stable aggregates, geometric mean diameter（GMD）, mean weight diameter（MWD） and OC concentrations in different aggregate-size fractions and in bulk soil. The tillage treatments significantly（P〈0.05） influenced soil aggregate stability and OC distribution. Higher MWD and GMD were observed in 2TS, 4TS and NTS as compared to T. With increasing soil depth, the amount of macroaggregates and MWD and GMD values were increased, while the proportions of microaggregates and the silt＋clay fraction were declined. The OC concentrations in different aggregate fractions at all soil depths followed the order of macroaggregates〉microaggregates〉silt＋clay fraction. In the 0–5 cm soil layer, concentrations of macroaggregateassociated OC in 2TS, 4TS and NTS were 14, 56 and 83% higher than for T, whereas T had the greatest concentration of OC associated with the silt＋clay fraction in the 10–20 cm layer. Soil OC concentrations under 4TS and NTS were significantly higher（P〈0.05） than that of T in the 0–10 cm layer. Residue retention promoted formation of macroaggregates, increased macroaggregate-associated OC concentrations and thus increased total soil OC stock. The macroaggregate-

关键词： aggregate conservation residue sequestration aggregation depths proportions declined wheat concluded

Surgical approaches to correct corneal astigmatism at time of cataract surgery: a mini-review

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第7期17卷 1370-1374页

作者： Xiao-Lei Yin Zhi-Yang Ji xiu-xin li Xue-Mei liang Shu-xing Ji Department of Ophthalmology the 305 Hospital of PLABeijing 100017China Department of Ophthalmology Daping HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China Department of Medical Administration the 305 Hospital of PLABeijing 100017China

Among refractive errors,astigmatism is the most common optical aberration,where refraction changes in different meridians of the *** causes blurred vision at any distance and includes corneal,lenticular,and retinal *** surgery used to cause a progressive increase in the pre-exisiting corneal astigmatism because of creating a surgically induced astigmatism,for example,a large size surgery *** development of surgical techniques during last decades has made cataract surgery interchange to treat preoperative corneal astigmatism at time of ***,three surgical approaches can be *** placing a sutureless clear corneal incision on the steep meridian of the cornea,a preoperative corneal astigmatism less than 1.0 D can be *** or paired peripheral corneal relaxing incisions(PCRIs)provide 1.0-3.0 D corneal astigmatism *** are typically used for treating 1.0-1.5 D of regular corneal astigmatism,if more than 2.0 D,the risk of overcorrection and irregular astigmatism is *** toric intraocular lenses(IOLs)are unavailable in markets,PCRIs are still a reasonable option for patients with up to 3.0 D of pre-existing corneal *** IOLs implantation can correct 1.0-4.5 D of corneal *** IOLs are approved to correct a high degree of corneal astigmatism with cylinder power up to 12.0 *** approaches can be used alone or in combination.

关键词： cornea astigmatism cataract surgery peripheral corneal relaxing incisions toric intraocular lens

Carbon Mineralization and Microbial Attributes in Straw-Amended Soils as Affected by Moisture Levels

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Pedosphere 2014年第2期24卷 167-177页

作者： CHEN lin ZHANG Jia-Bao ZHAO Bing-Zi xin xiu-li ZHOU Gui-Xiang TAN Jin-Fang ZHAO Jin-Hua State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Crops in Henan Henan Agriculture University

An 80-d incubation experiment was conducted to investigate straw decomposition, the priming effect and microbial characteristics in a non-fertilized soil （soil 1） and a long-term organic manure-fertilized soil （soil 2） with and without 13C-labeled maize straw amendment under different moisture levels. The soil 2 showed a markedly higher priming effect, microbial biomass C （Cmic）, and β-glucosidase activity, and more abundant populations of bacteria and fungi than the soil 1. Also, soil CO2 emission, Cmic, /3- glucosidase activity, and bacterial and fungal population sizes were substantially enhanced by straw amendment. In the presence of straw, the amount of straw mineralization and assimilation by microbes in the soil at 55% of water holding capacity （WHC） were significantly higher by 31% and 17%, respectively, compared to those at 25% of WHC. In contrast, β-glucosidase activity and fungal population size were both enhanced as the moisture content decreased. Cmic decreased as straw availability decreased, which was mainly attributed to the reduction of straw-derived Cmic. Amended soils, except the amended soil 2 at 25% of WHC, had a more abundant fungal population as straw availability decreased, indicating that fungal decomposability of added straw was independent of straw availability. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis based on fungal denatured gradient gel electrophoresis band patterns showed that shifts in the fungal community structure occurred as water and straw availability varied. The results indirectly suggest that soil fungi are able to adjust their degradation activity to water and straw availability by regulating their community structure.

关键词： bacteria decomposition fungi maize straw organic manure

Effect of interrupted endogenous BMP/Smad signaling on growth and steroidogenesis of porcine granulosa cells

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2010年第9期11卷 719-727页

作者： Wei WANG li WANG xin-xiu li Xia CHEN Hai-yan ZHANG Yu HE Jing-jing WANG Yong-yan ZHAO Bao-le ZHANG Yin-xue XU College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) play a critical role in the growth and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells(GCs).BMP signals act through membrane-bound heteromeric serine/threonine kinase *** ligand binding,BMPs activate intracellular Smad proteins and regulate growth and apoptosis in various cell *** objective of this study was to demonstrate the effects of BMP/Smad signal on growth and steroidogenesis of porcine GCs.A strategy of RNA interference(RNAi)-mediated 'gene silencing' of Smad4,a core molecule mediating the intracellular BMP/Smad signal transduction pathways,was used to interrupt endogenous BMP/Smad *** indicate that Smad4-small interfering RNA(siRNA) caused specific inhibition of Smad4 mRNA and protein expression after *** endogenous BMP/Smad signaling significantly inhibited growth,and induced apoptosis of porcine GCs,while decreasing estradiol *** addition,interrupted BMP/Smad signaling significantly(Plin D2,CDK4,Bcl-2,and *** findings provide new insights into how BMP/Smad signaling regulates the growth and steroidogenesis of porcine GCs.

关键词： Porcine granulosa cells Bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)/Smad Smad4 RNA interference(RNAi) Growth Steroidogenesis

Proton accumulation accelerated by heavy chemical nitrogen fertilization and its long-term impact on acidifying rate in a typical arable soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第1期14卷 148-157页

作者： HUANG P ing ZHANG Jia-bao xin xiu-li ZHU An-ning ZHANG Cong-zhi MA Dong-hao ZHU Qiang-gen YANG Shan WU Sheng-jun Fengqiu Agro-Ecological Experimental Station State Key Laboratory of Soil Sustainable AgricultureInstitute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College

Cropland productivity has been significantly impacted by soil acidification resulted from nitrogen （N） fertilization, especially as a result of excess ammoniacal N input. With decades＇ intensive agricultural cultivation and heavy chemical N input in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the impact extent of induced proton input on soil pH in the long term was not yet clear. In this study, acidification rates of different soil layers in the soil profile （0-120 cm） were calculated by pH buffer capacity （pHBC） and net input of protons due to chemical N incorporation. Topsoil （0-20 cm） pH changes of a long-term fertilization field （from 1989） were determined to validate the predicted values. The results showed that the acid and alkali buffer capacities varied significantly in the soil profile, averaged 692 and 39.8 mmolc kg-1 pH-1, respectively. A significant （P〈0.05） correlation was found between pHRC and the content of calcium carbonate. Based on the commonly used application rate of urea （500 kg N ha-1 yr-1）, the induced proton input in this region was predicted to be 16.1 kmol ha-1 yr-1, and nitrification and plant uptake of nitrate were the most important mechanisms for proton producing and consuming, respectively. The acidification rate of topsoil （0-20 cm） was estimated to be 0.01 unit pH yr-1 at the assumed N fertilization level. From 1989 to 2009, topsoil pH （0-20 cm） of the long-term fertilization field decreased from 8.65 to 8.50 for the PK （phosphorus, 150 kg P205 ha-1 yr-1; potassium, 300 kg K20 ha-1 yr-1; without N fertilization）, and 8.30 for NPK （nitrogen, 300 kg N ha-1 yr-1; phosphorus, 150 kg P2Os ha-1 yr-1; potassium, 300 kg K20 ha -1 yr-1）, respectively. Therefore, the apparent soil acidification rate induced by N fertilization equaled to 0.01 unit pH yr-1, which can be a reference to the estimated result, considering the effect of atmospheric N deposition, crop biomass, field management and plant uptake of other nutrients and cations. As protons could be consum

关键词： nitrogen(N) fertilizer p H buffer capacity(p HBC) soil acidification nitrification Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Preparation and Preliminary Application of Monoclonal Antibodies against Trichokirin-S1,a Small Ribosome-inactivating Peptide from the Seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2005年第7期37卷 447-452页

作者： xin-xiu YANG Feng li Wei-Guo HU Heng-Chuan XIA Zu-Chuan ZHANG Key Laboratory of Proteomics.Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China Key Laboratory of Proteomics Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China

Trichokirin-S1,a small ribosome-inactivating peptide recently purified from the seeds ofTrichosanthes kirilowii,has potential clinical applications because of its small molecular *** stablestrains of hybridomas (1F11 and 2A5) that can secrete highly specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) againstTrichokirin-S1 have been developed using the hybridoma *** isotypes of these two mAbs,1F11and 2A5,were determined to be IgGand IgG,*** affinity constants,which were measuredby non-competitive EliSA,were found to be 2.3×10~8 Mand 2.8×10~8 M,*** immunoaffinitymethod using 2A5-coupled Sepharose 4B was successfully developed to purify *** twoantibodies have also been used to detect Trichokirin-S1 in Western blot.

关键词： Trichokirin-S1 monoclonal antibody Western blot affinity chromatography

Transcription Factors Ets2 and Sp1 Act Synergistically with Histone Acetyltrans-ferase p300 in Activating Human Interleukin-12 p40 Promoter

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2006年第3期38卷 194-200页

作者： Hai-Jing SUN~(1,2) xin XU~1 xiu-li WANG~1 liang WEI~1 Fen li~1 Jun LU~1* Bai-Qu HUANG~11 Institute of Genetics and Cytology,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China2 Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China Institute of Genetics and Cytology Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024 China Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

There has been considerable interest in researching the regulatory mechanisms that control thesynthesis of interleukin （IL）-12,which plays a central role in the differentiation of T-helper-1 *** thisstudy,we performed a series of transient transfection experiments designed to elucidate the functional rela-tionship between the IL-12 promoter-specific transcription factors （Ets2 and Sp1） and histone acetylationmodification in IL-12 regulation mediated by p300 and various histone deacetylases （HDACs）.Results pre-sented in this report demonstrated that the transcription factors Ets2 and Sp1 acted synergistically with p300to activate the human IL-12 *** histone acetyltransferase （HAT） activity of p300 was required forthis synergic effect,because the adenovirus E1A protein inhibited the ***,HDACs re-pressed the synergic effect of transcription factors and histone acetylation on the activation of IL-12,whilep300 was able to rectify *** data indicated that Ets2 and Sp1 worked concertedly and synergisticallywith p300 in the regulation of human IL-12 expression.

关键词： Ets2 Sp1 histone acetyltransferase p300 interleukin-12

Separation of the ionospheric and thermospheric contributions in the data from the Triple Ionosophere Photo Meter onboard the Feng-Yun 3E satellite

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 172-184页

作者： Fang JIANG Tian MAO Jin-Song WANG xiu-Qing HU Xiao-xin ZHANG liping FU Nan JIA Tianfang WANG National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration Key Laboratory of Environmental Space Situation Awareness Technology National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration

The Triple Ionosphere Photo Meter （TRIPM） is a far ultraviolet nadir-view photometer that is onboard the secondgeneration,polar-orbiting Chinese meteorological satellite Feng-Yun 3E （FY-3E）,which was launched on July 5,*** has three channels,and each is used to measure different types of emissions:（1） 135.6 nm airglow produced by the recombination of the O+ions and electrons in the absence of sunlight （nighttime channel）;（2） 135.6 nm airglow from the OI when sunlight is present （daytime/dusk-dawn 135.6 nm channel）;and （3） Airglow in the N2LBH of the TRIPM （daytime/dusk-dawn N2LBH channel）.FY-3E is a satellite operating in the early morning ***,the data are mostly distributed on the dawndusk side or at times when the solar zenith angle is relatively *** this study,combined with simulation calculations,the data are *** further explore the application value of the data products,a model is used to separate the ionospheric radiative recombination contribution from the thermosphere photoelectron impact excitation contribution in the data from the daytime/dusk-dawn 135.6 nm *** approach not only improves the accuracy of O/N2derived from the 135.6 nm channel and N2LBH channel but also provides the ionospheric 135.6 nm radiance at the same time as the *** results show that the 135.6 nm radiance originating from the combination of O+and electrons extracted from the measurement data exhibits similar equatorial anomaly peak structure characteristics and seasonal variations as the corresponding GPS total electron content （TEC） *** the other hand,the separated 135.6 nm radiance generated from the thermosphere photoelectron collision excitation does not contain radiative recombination contributions;thus,the ionosphere influence is greatly avoided when the O/N2is obtained.

关键词： Far ultraviolet 135.6 nm emission intensity Photoelectron impact excitation Radiative recombination excitation

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Gradient maturation experiment on hairs implies taphonomic changes in fossil hairs

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 62-73页

作者： xin li Yibo ZHOU Tao ZHAO xingjian HE Yanhong PAN State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers Science School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University Institute of Palaeontology Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science Yunnan Key Laboratory for PalaeobiologyYunnan University

Mammalian hair, as a key feature related to endothermy, physical protection, and camouflage, has a long geohistorical record that dates back even to the Mesozoic. However, the limited information on the taphonomy of hair hinders the understanding of its evolutionary significance in deep time. To address this, we conducted taphonomic experiments to simulate the transformation process of black hair. The changes in the morphological structure, microscopic characteristics, and chemical composition of hair during the simulated fossilization process were documented by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Our results revealed that damage to the morphology of hair began at a mild temperature(150–175°C), and hair transformed into a fluid-like mass at a relatively high temperature(200°C). In addition, the morphological structure of melanosomes had relatively greater preservation potential than keratins did, and the microscopic features of melanosomes were persistently stable. The Raman and FTIR spectra indicated that the characteristic melanin and keratin peaks changed as the temperature increased. Although the chemical signals were not lost completely, the variations in the characteristic amide bands in the FTIR spectra indicate that the keratins severely degraded at high temperatures(>200°C), whereas the characteristic melanin bands in the Raman spectra suggested that melanin signals were still recognizable, even at high temperatures(>200°C). These results were confirmed by principal component analysis(PCA) and principal component analysis linear discriminant analysis(PCA–LDA). In addition, the Raman signals of all the samples in the simulated experiments were distinguished from the signals of common geological carbonaceous materials(humic acid), which suggested that Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect melanin in fossils.

关键词： Mammalian hair Melanin Keratin Fossilization Experimental taphonomy