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Mechanisms behind the surprising observation of supra-thermal ions in NIF’s fusion burning plasmas

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Science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 359-364页

作者： Yuhan xue Dong wu Jie Zhang Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and Department of Physics and Astronomy Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA(CICIFSA)Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Although ignition had been achieved at the National Ignition Facility(NIF),recent observations of the experiments indicate novel physics that beyond theoretical predictions emerge,e.g.,the neutron analysis of experiments has revealed deviations from the Maxwellian distributions in ion relative kinetic energies of burning plasmas,with the surprising emergence of supra-thermal deuterium and tritium(DT)ions that fall outside the predictions of macroscopic statistical hydrodynamic *** our newly developed hybrid-particle-in-cell code,incorporating the newly-proposed model of large-angle collisions,we infer that that this could be attributed to the increased significance of large-angle collisions among DT ions andα-particles in the burning *** and unprecedented kinetic investigations into the implications of large-angle collisions in the burning plasma have yielded several key findings,including an ignition moment promotion by~10 ps,the presence of supra-thermal ions below an energy threshold,and approximately twice the expected deposition ofα-particles *** rationality of our findings is confirmed through the congruency between the neutron spectral moment analyses conducted by the NIF and our kinetic simulations,both highlighting progressively widening disparities between neutron spectral moment analyses and hydrodynamics predictions,which becomes more pronounced as the yield *** kinetic simulations with large-angle collisions not only provide novel insights for experiment interpretation but also open new research opportunities for the largely unexplored regime of the nuclear burning plasmas,which are distinguished by their exceptionally high energy densities and hold immense potential for illuminating the intricate physics that underpins the evolution of the early universe.

关键词： lon kinetics Supra-thermal ions Large-angle collisions Non-equilibrium ignition Inertial confinement fusion Burning plasmas

Grounded-source short offset transient electromagnetic method:Theory and applications in deep mineral exploration

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 626-638页

作者： Guoqiang xue Xin wu Weiying CHEN Nannan ZHOU Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The Transient Electromagnetic(TEM)method is a critical geophysical technique for subsurface exploration of metal ore bodies,primarily utilizing either loop or grounded *** Long Offset Transient Electromagnetic(LOTEM)method employs a grounded-source transmitter,relying on a far-source observation mode and plane wave approximation for ***,LOTEM's far-source configuration weakens signal strength,and the plane wave approximation reduces precision,limiting effective detection depth to approximately 1000 m with a comprehensive error of about 15%.Recently,we have developed the grounded-source Short Offset Transient Electromagnetic(SOTEM)method,achieving greater detection depth and accuracy within the 500–2000 m depth range,a crucial interval for mineral resource *** study explores the theoretical framework,instrumentation,data processing,and field applications of *** on a point charge element model,SOTEM accurately computes surface wave effects in EM field calculations,optimized for near-source ***-power,high-resolution,wide-bandwidth exploration equipment and an advanced three-dimensional hybrid inversion technique were also developed to enhance the method's *** of SOTEM to the deep exploration of the Zhou'an Ni-Cu-PGE deposit in Henan Province yielded high-resolution imaging of conductivity structures to about 2.5 km *** results,consistent with existing drill data,delineated mineralized ore bodies from surrounding formations,identified zones of mineralization potential,and suggested extensive resource prospects in the region.

关键词： Far-source observation Plane wave model approximation Grounded-source short-offset transient electromagnetic method Wide-bandwidth exploration equipment Three-dimensional hybrid inversion

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Geochronology and geodynamic setting of the carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in world-class Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou triangle,South China

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Acta Geochimica 2025年第1期44卷 217-230页

作者： Zhongxi xue Wenxin Shi Chen Wei Tao wu Zhilong Huang State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China College of Mining Engineering Guizhou University of Engineering ScienceBijie 551700China Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology09599 FreibergGermany University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Unraveling the precise mineralization age is vital to understand the geodynamic setting and ore-forming mechanism of the sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposit;this has long been a *** Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou(SYG)triangle in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block is a globally recognized carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn metallogenic province and also an essential part of the South China low-temperature metallogenic *** region has>30 million tons(Mt)Zn and Pb resources and shows the enrichment of dispersed metals,such as Ga,Ge,Cd,Se,and *** the past 2 decades,abundant data on mineralization ages of Pb-Zn deposits within the SYG triangle have been documented based on various radioisotopic dating methods,resulting in significant progress in understanding the geodynamic background and ore formation of Pb-Zn deposits hosted in sedimentary rocks at SYG *** paper provides a comprehensive summary of the geochronological results and Pb-Sr isotopic data regarding Pb-Zn deposits in the SYG triangle,which identified two distinct Pb-Zn mineralization periods influencing the dynamic processes associated with the expansion and closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the western margin of the Yangtze *** predominant phase of Pb-Zn mineralization at SYG triangle spanned from the Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic(226-191 Ma),which was intensely correlated with the large-scale basin fluid transport triggered by the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and Indosinian *** secondary Pb-Zn mineralization phase occurred during the Late Devonian to Late Carboniferous and was controlled by extensional structures associated with the expansion of the Paleo-Tethys *** investigation is necessary to clarify the occurrence and potential factors involved in the Pb-Zn mineralization events during the Late Devonian to Late Carboniferous.

关键词： Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou triangle Carbonate hosted Pb-Zn deposit Radioisotopic dating Geodynamic setting Mississippi Valley-type(MVT)

PbrMYB4,a R2R3-MYB protein,regulates pear stone cell lignification through activation of lignin biosynthesis genes

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2025年第1期11卷 105-122页

作者： Dongliang Liu Yongsong xue Runze Wang Bobo Song Cheng xue Yanfei Shan Zhaolong xue Jun wu College of Horticulture State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement and UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratoryof Horticultural Crop Quality Biology Schoolof HorticultureAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui 230036 China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong 271018China

Pear(Pyrus bretschneideri)fruit stone cells are primarily composed of lignin and have strongly lignified cell *** presence of stone cells has a negative influence on fruit texture and taste,and thus the reduction of stone cell content in pear fruit is a key goal of breeding ***,research into the key transcription factors and regulatory networks associated with pear fruit stone cell formation have been *** here used a combination of co-expression network and expression quantitative trait locus(eQTL)analyses in 206 pear cultivars with different stone cell contents to identify relevant genes;these analyses uncovered the gene PbrMYB4,a R2R3 MYB transcription factor *** was a strong positive correlation between relative PbrMYB4 expression levels in the fruit flesh and stone cell/lignin *** of PbrMYB4 significantly increased the lignin contents,whereas silencing of PbrMYB4 had the opposite effect,decreasing the contents of ***4 overexpression in pear calli significantly promoted lignin *** Arabidopsis thaliana,PbrMYB4 overexpression resulted in increasing lignin deposition,cell wall thickness of vessels and xylary fiber,and accelerating expression level of lignin biosynthetic ***4 was found to activate 4-Coumarate:Coenzyme A Ligase(Pbr4CL1)by binding to AC-I elements in the promoter regions,as demonstrated with dual-luciferase reporter assays and a yeast one-hybrid *** results demonstrated that PbrMYB4 positively regulated lignin biosynthesis in pear fruit stone cells by activating lignin biosynthesis *** study improves our understanding of the gene regulatory networks associated with stone cell formation in pear fruit,providing guidance for molecular breeding of pear varieties with low stone cell content.

关键词： Pear Stone cell R2R3-MYBs Lignin

Status analysis on sputtering and erosion evaluation methods of ion optic systems

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 254-270页

作者： Long MIAO Tongxun YANG Zhengxi ZHU chang LU Zhiwen wu Ningfei WANG School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Chongqing Innovation Center Beijing Institute of TechnologyChongqing 404100China Advanced Aerospace Power and Energy Research Center Beijing Institute of TechnologyZhuhai 519088China

In the past few decades,ion engines have been widely used in deep-space propulsion and satellite *** aim of extending the thruster lifetime is still one of the most important parts during the design stage of ion *** one of the core components of ion engine,the grid assembly of ion optic systems may experience long-term ion sputtering in extreme electro-thermal environments,which will eventually lead to its structural and electron-backstreaming *** this paper,the current studies of the grid assembly erosion process are systematically analyzed from the aspects of sputtering damage process of grid materials,numerical simulations,and measurements of erosion characteristics of grid *** advantages and disadvantages of various erosion prediction models are highlighted,and the key factors and processes affecting the prediction accuracy of grid assembly erosion patterns are *** different types of experimental methods of grid assembly erosion patterns are *** analysis in this paper is of great importance for selecting the sputter-resistant grid materials,as well as establishing the erosion models and measurement methods to accurately determine the erosion rate and failure modes of grid ***,the working conditions and structure parameters of ion optic systems could be optimized based on erosion models to promote the ion engine lifetime.

关键词： Electric propulsion Ion optic systems Sputtering yield Erosion characteristics Erosion pattern measurement Lifetime evaluation

Observation of acoustic hybrid topological phases induced by the p-d orbital interactions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 128-135页

作者： Xiao Xiang Feng Gao Yu-Gui Peng Peng wu Zong-Lin Li xue-Feng Zhu School of Physics and Innovation Institute Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

In spinless systems,growing attention has recently been attracted to synthetic gauge fields,which redefine the fundamental crystal symmetries by utilizing the projective algebraic ***,synthetic gauge fields have been commonly investigated in single orbital systems,and explorations on hybrid orbitals remain elusive in ***,we report the experimental observation of hybrid topological phases induced by hybrid synthetic gauge flux,which is formed by the interaction between p and d orbitals embedded in acoustic *** breaking the translation symmetries of L_(x) and/or L_(y),we unambiguously demonstrate the first-order Möbius edge states and higher-order corner *** work establishes a platform for seeking exotic topological phases induced by hybrid-orbitals interactions and initializing the framework of hybrid-orbitalsrelated topological *** applications can be anticipated in scenarios such as high-quality sensing and robust wave trapping due to the stepwise energy distribution of the hybrid topological phase.

关键词： topological insulator synthetic gauge field projective symmetry corner states

Formation mechanism of herpetrione self-assembled nanoparticles based on p H-driven method

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第1期36卷 387-391页

作者： Yuwen Zhu Xiang Deng Yan wu Baode Shen Lingyu Hang Yuye xue Hailong Yuan Department of Pharmacy Air Force Medical CenterPLAAir Force Medical UniversityBeijing 100142China Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchang 330004China

The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for *** group found that the p H-driven method can improve the self-assembly phenomenon of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.,and the SAN exhibited uniform particle size and demonstrated good *** this paper,we analyzed the interactions between the main active compound,herpetrione(Her),and its main carrier,Herpetospermum caudigerum ***(HCWP),along with their self-assembly mechanisms under different p H *** binding constants of Her and HCWP increase with rising p H,leading to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN with a smaller particle size,higher zeta potential,and improved thermal *** the contributions of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN increase with rising p H,the hydrophobic force consistently plays a dominant *** study enhances our scientific understanding of the self-assembly phenomenon of TCM improved by p H driven method.

关键词： Traditional Chinese medicine Nanoparticles Herpetrione Interaction pH-driven method Self-assembly Isothermal titration calorimetry

数字减影血管造影下腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的效果

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局解手术学杂志 2025年第1期34卷 28-32页

作者：吴建强王征文智田明武吕静伍长学德阳市人民医院心胸血管外科四川德阳618000

目的探讨数字减影血管造影(DSA)下腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层(TBAD)的效果。方法选取2019年10月至2022年10月本院收治的104例TBAD患者,将采用最佳药物治疗(BMT)的52例患者纳入BMT组,在BMT基础上行DSA下腔内隔绝术的52例患... 详细信息

目的探讨数字减影血管造影(DSA)下腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层(TBAD)的效果。方法选取2019年10月至2022年10月本院收治的104例TBAD患者,将采用最佳药物治疗(BMT)的52例患者纳入BMT组,在BMT基础上行DSA下腔内隔绝术的52例患者纳入联合组。比较2组患者治疗前后急性生理和慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、血清炎症因子、肝肾功能指标、凝血功能指标及住院时间。结果联合组患者治疗后APACHEⅡ评分、肝肾功能指标及炎症因子水平低于治疗前和BMT组(P<0.05)。联合组患者治疗后凝血功能指标水平变化较治疗前和BMT组显著(P<0.05)。联合组患者住院时间短于BMT组(P<0.05)。结论 DSA下腔内隔绝术治疗TBAD能减轻炎症反应,改善肝肾功能和凝血功能,缩短住院时间,疗效优于药物保守治疗。

关键词：数字减影血管造影腔内隔绝术 Stanford B型主动脉夹层最佳药物治疗炎症反应疗效

顺式阿曲库铵加重机械通气大鼠膈肌萎缩的研究

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四川大学学报（医学版） 2021年第6期52卷 975-980页

作者：周云伍长学刘力西南医科大学附属医院急诊科泸州646000 西南医科大学附属医院ICU 泸州646000 西南医科大学附属医院麻醉科泸州646000

目的研究神经肌肉阻断剂顺式阿曲库铵在机械通气SD大鼠膈肌萎缩中的作用及可能的机制。方法将30只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组:(1)对照组(CON组,n=6),禁食30 h;(2)机械通气组(MV组,n=6),禁食6 h后机械通气24 h,同时持续泵入戊巴比妥钠+0... 详细信息

目的研究神经肌肉阻断剂顺式阿曲库铵在机械通气SD大鼠膈肌萎缩中的作用及可能的机制。方法将30只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组:(1)对照组(CON组,n=6),禁食30 h;(2)机械通气组(MV组,n=6),禁食6 h后机械通气24 h,同时持续泵入戊巴比妥钠+0.9%氯化钠;(3)机械通气+顺式阿曲库铵组(MVC组,n=6),禁食6 h后机械通气24 h,同时持续泵入戊巴比妥钠+顺式阿曲库铵;(4)机械通气+氯喹(chloroquine,CQ)组(QMV组,n=6),机械通气前24 h和前30 min腹腔注射自噬抑制剂CQ 30 mg/kg,其余操作同MV组;(5)机械通气+顺式阿曲库铵+CQ组(QMVC组,n=6),机械通气前24 h和前30 min腹腔注射自噬抑制剂CQ 30 mg/kg,其余操作同MVC组。各组大鼠于30 h后处死,取肋膈肌标本。HE染色观察膈肌纤维横截面积(cross-sectional area,CSA),免疫荧光染色观察线粒体外膜转移酶蛋白-20(TOM20)和微管相关蛋白1-轻链3(LC3)的共定位,Western blot检测肋膈肌中肌肉萎缩相关蛋白MAFbx、MURF-1,线粒体自噬相关蛋白PINK1、Parkin、P62、LC3的表达水平。结果 MV组和CON组相比,MVC组和MV组相比,CSA减小(P<0.05),MURF-1、MAFbx蛋白的表达量增加(P<0.05),TOM20和LC3的共表达的线粒体数量增加,LC3表达增加(P<0.05),PINK1、Parkin、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ蛋白的表达量增加(P<0.05),P62蛋白的表达量下降(P<0.05);QMV组和MV组相比、QMVC组和MVC组相比,CSA增大(P<0.05),MURF-1、MAFbx蛋白的表达量减少(P<0.05),TOM20和LC3的共表达的线粒体数量减少,LC3表达减少(P<0.05),PINK1、Parkin、LCⅡ/Ⅰ蛋白的表达量减少(P<0.05),P62蛋白的表达量增加(P<0.05)。结论机械通气24 h,引起SD大鼠膈肌萎缩;顺式阿曲库铵通过自噬-溶酶体(autophagy-lysosome,AL)途径加重机械通气大鼠的膈肌萎缩,此过程可能与PINK1-Parkin介导的线粒体自噬途径有关;氯喹通过阻断AL途径可改善顺式阿曲库铵引起的机械通气大鼠膈肌萎缩。

关键词：顺式阿曲库铵机械通气膈肌萎缩线粒体自噬氯喹