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Comparing the impacts of mature spruce forests and grasslands on snow melt,water resource recharge,and run-off in the northern boreal environment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2015年第1期3卷 50-56页

作者： JiříKremsa Josef Křeček Eero kubin Watershed Authority of the Elbe River Víta Nejedlého 951/8CZ-50003 Hradec KrálovéCzech Republic Department of Hydrology Czech Technical University in PragueThákurova 7CZ-16629 Prague 6Czech Republic Natural Resources Institute Finland Natural Resources and BioproductionPO Box 413FI-90014 University of OuluFinland

Snow-melt runoff is an important factor in control of flooding and soil erosion in higher and cold regions of the *** 1992-2008-2008,processes of snow accumulation and melting were monitored at two adjacent sites of the Paljakka environmental research centre(Finland).The forest stand of mature spruce(Picea abies)has been compared with adjacent,local,and open *** the forest,snowpack duration fluctuated for 180-245 days,with a maximum depth of 78-152 cm and snow-water content of 167-406 mm,while in the open grassland this occurred for some 20 days less,with maximum depth 65-122 cm,and snow-water content 143-288 *** snow-water captured in the canopy reached a maximum 27%of that registered on the ground;the loss of intercepted snow by sublimation was approximately 26% of the annual *** the high melt period(April-May),the degree-day factor in the forest stand achieved 60%of values observed in the grassland(2.3-3.5 against 3.8-6.0 mm℃^(-1)day^(-1)).The hydrological model BROOK 90 was employed to analyse potential water resources recharge,and flood risk at *** the normal climate season,snow-melt runoff from the forest exceeded the grassland by 22%(225 against 185 mm).In extreme situations,the maximum daily runoff from snow-melt in the grasslands(57 mm day^(-1))exceeded 2.6 times the values in spruce forest(22 mm day^(-1)).

关键词： Spruce boreal forest Snow-depth Snow-water content Canopy interception Snowmelt Degree-day factor BROOK 90 Runoff distribution

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Friedrich Ackermann’s scientific research program

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2023年第2期26卷 141-150页

作者： wolfgang Förstner Department of Photogrammetry UniversityBonnGermany

We sketch Friedrich Ackermann’s research program following the concept of Imre Lakatos,with some historical key developments in the theory and application of aerotriangulation and image *** research program,with its core being statistical estimation theory,has decisively influenced photogrammetry since the 60s,is still fully alive,and a challenge for today’s methods of image *** describe(1)Lakatos’concept of a scientific research program,with its negative and positive heuristics and(2)Ackermann’s research program,clearly made explicit in his PhD,with its mathematical model,the ability to predict theoretical precision and reliability,the potential of analyzing rigorous and approximate method,and the role of *** development of aerotriangulation,later augmented by image matching techniques,is closely connected to Ackermann’s successful attempts to integrate basic research and practical applications.

关键词： Friedrich Ackermann scientific research program aerotriangulation image matching role of theory and application

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PREDICTIVE MODELS AND GENERATIVE COMPLEXITY

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2012年第1期25卷 30-45页

作者： wolfgang LHR Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences Inselstraβe 22D-04103 LeipziqGermany

The causal states of computational mechanics define the minimal sufficient memory for a given discrete stationary stochastic process. Their entropy is an important complexity measure called statistical complexity （or true measure complexity）. They induce the s-machine, which is a hidden Markov model （HMM） generating the process. But it is not the minimal one, although generative HMMs also have a natural predictive interpretation. This paper gives a mathematical proof of the idea that the s-machine is the minimal HMM with an additional （partial） determinism condition. Minimal internal state entropy of a generative HMM is in analogy to statistical complexity called generative complexity. This paper also shows that generative complexity depends on the process in a nice way. It is, as a function of the process, lower semi-continuous （w.r.t. weak-, topology）, concave, and behaves nice under ergodic decomposition of the process.

关键词： Causal states complexity s-machine generative complexity HMM partially deterministicHMM predictive model statistical.

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U-Pb zircon ages for the Luzhenguan Complex in northern part of the eastern Dabie orogen

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1357-1367页

作者： wolfgang Siebe Institut für Geowissenschaften Universit?t Tübingen Tübingen 72074 Germany

The study presents U-Pb zircon ages for granitic gneiss and amphibolite from the Luzhenguan Complex (LZC) in northern part of the eastern Dabie Orogen and their geological significance. Two granitic gneisses and one amphibolite give protolith zircon U-Pb ages of 740 Ma and 725 Ma, respectively. The ages show that the LZC is composed mainly of Neoproterzoic acid and basic igneous rocks, suggesting that there is no Paleozoic active continental marginal rock association in the southern margin of the North China Block in northern part of the eastern Dabie Mountain. Based on the ages and combining the geological and geophysical analyses, the middle-low grade metamorphic rocks in the North Huiyang Belt (NHB) can be divided into three parts, which are the LZC composed mainly of the Neoproterzoic acid and basic igneous rocks, the Neoproterzoic Xianrechong Formation and Xiangyunzhai Formation and the Devonian Zhu- foan Formation and Pangjialing Formation of the Foziling Group, and the suture zone between the Yongtze Block and the North China Block is inferred to be thrust under the NHB.

关键词： Dabie orogen, Luzhenguan Complex, U-Pb zircon age, Neoproterzoic.

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264米的美国魔鬼塔为什么全球登顶者不足百人？

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环球人文地理 2024年第13期 90-97页

作者：李嘉麟 Dan Gary GRP Imagery kellyvandellen Kyle samantha Jacob wolfgang flickr

在美国怀俄明州，有一座不足300米的“矮山”。别看它不高，论起攀登难度，就连珠峰登顶者都对它望洋兴叹。在美国怀俄明州东北部，有一座由火山岩和沉积岩构成的圆柱形岩石塔——魔鬼塔。它矗立在一望无际的草原上，显得格外突兀。谁...

在美国怀俄明州，有一座不足300米的“矮山”。别看它不高，论起攀登难度，就连珠峰登顶者都对它望洋兴叹。在美国怀俄明州东北部，有一座由火山岩和沉积岩构成的圆柱形岩石塔——魔鬼塔。它矗立在一望无际的草原上，显得格外突兀。谁能相信，近百年来，能够登上264米塔顶的登山者不足百人。那么，魔鬼塔是怎么形成的呢？这个问题，让好事者争论了一百多年。

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Eco-environmental surface modelling requires integration of both extrinsic and intrinsic informations

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第1期64卷 185-186页

作者： wolfgang HABER Technical University of Munich WZW FacultyFreising D-85354Germany

Extrinsic information,from satellite observations and the outputs of spatial models,and intrinsic information,from ground observations and spatial sampling,provide two different but complementary streams of information about the Earth’s *** extrinsic and intrinsic informations are indispensable for the modelling of the Earth’s surface systems along with an appropriate method for integrating these two kinds of *** on this idea,the fundamental theorem for Earth’s surface system modeling(FTESM)was proposed,from which several corollaries have been deduced,corresponding to spatial interpolation,spatial upscaling,spatial downscaling,data fusion and model-data assimilation,respectively(Yue et al.,2016).

关键词： surface. intrinsic interpolation

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Gluon number fluctuations and diffusive scaling effect

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Frontiers of physics 2011年第1期6卷 100-105页

作者： wolfgang FISCHER Department of Physics Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences Bielefeld 33615 Germany

The diffusive scaling is studied based on pomeron loop equations in the fixed coupling case. At Y 〉〉 YDS, the gluon number fluctuations become important, the geometric scaling is replaced by the diffusive scaling. In the diffusive scaling regime, the deep inelastic scattering （DIS） total scattering cross-section is a function of single variable ln[1/（r^2Qs^2（z））]. We show that the deep inelastic scattering experimental data lie on a single curve, which seems to indicate the existence of the diffusive scaling phenomenology in the deep inelastic scattering.

关键词： gluon number fluctuations proton structure function pomeron loop

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STING-ing Pain:How Can Pro-inflammatory Signaling Attenuate Pain?

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2021年第7期37卷 1075-1078页

作者： wolfgang Liedtke Department of Neurology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC 27710USA Department of Anesthesiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC 27710USA Department of Neurobiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC 27710USA Duke Neurology Clinics for Headache Head-Pain and Trigeminal Sensory DisordersDurhamNC 27705USA Clinics for Innovative Pain Therapy Department of AnesthesiologyDuke UniversityRaleighNC 27512USA Chair of Neurology Global Scientific Development CouncilRegeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNY 10591USA

Inflammation typically induces pain by producing pro-inflammatory mediators,but increasing evidence also indicates a role for inflammation in the resolution of pain by inducing anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution med... 详细信息

关键词： inflammatory interferon rigorous

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Quasi-linear Cycle Sets and the Retraction Problem for Set-theoretic Solutions of the Quantum Yang-Baxter Equation

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Algebra Colloquium 2016年第1期23卷 149-166页

作者： wolfgang Rump Institute for Algebra and Number Theory University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 D-70550 Stuttgart Germany

Cycle sets were introduced to reduce non-degenerate unitary Yang-Baxter maps to an algebraic system with a single binary operation. Every finite cycle set extends uniquely to a finite cycle set with a compatible abelian group structure. Etingof et al. introduced affine Yang-Baxter maps. These are equivalent to cycle sets with a specific abelian group structure. Abelian group structures have also been essential to get partial results for the still unsolved retraction problem. We introduce two new classes of cycle sets with an underlying abelian group structure and show that they can be transformed into each other while keeping the group structure fixed. This leads to a proper extension of the retractibility conjecture and new evidence for its truth.

关键词： quantum Yang-Baxter equation set-theoretical solution cycle set

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The Galactic halo magnetic field revisited

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第12期10卷 1287-1297页

作者： wolfgang Reich Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 53121 Bonn Germany

Recently, Sun et al. published new Galactic 3D-models of magnetic fields in the disk and halo of the Milky Way and the distribution of cosmic-ray electron density by taking into account the thermal electron density model NE2001 by Cordes ＆ Lazio. The models successfully reproduce observed continuum and polarization all-sky maps and the distribution of rotation measures of extragalactic sources across the sky. However, the model parameters obtained for the Galactic halo, although reproducing the observations, seem physically unreasonable： the magnetic field needs to be significantly stronger in the Galactic halo than in the plane and the cosmic-ray distribution must be truncated at about 1 kpc to avoid excessive synchrotron emission from the halo. The reason for these unrealistic parameters was the low scale-height of the warm thermal gas of about 1 kpc adopted in the NE2001 model. However, this scale- height seemed reasonable and was well studied by numerous investigations. Recently, the scale-height of the warm gas in the Galaxy was revised by Gaensler et al. to about 1.8 kpc, by showing that the 1 kpc scale-height results from a systematic bias in the analysis of pulsar data. This implies a higher thermal electron density in the Galactic halo, which in turn reduces the halo magnetic field strength to account for the observed rotation measures of extragalactic sources. We slightly modified the NE2001 model according to the new scale-height and revised the Sun et al. model parameters accordingly： the strength of the regular halo magnetic field is now 2 μG or lower, and the physically unrealistic cutoff in z for the cosmic-ray electron density is removed. The simulations based on the revised 3D-models reproduce all-sky observations as before.

关键词： ISM: magnetic fields -- ISM: structure -- radio continuum: ISM

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