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Cerebral Bioavailability of Silexan—A Quantitative EEG Study in Healthy Volunteers

Open Journal of Psychiatry 2015年第3期5卷 285-297页

作者： Wilfried Dimpfel winfried wedekind Angelika Dienel Justus-Liebig-University c/o NeuroCode AG Wetzlar Germany NeuroCode AG Wetzlar Germany Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG Karlsruhe Germany

Background: A quantitative EEG (qEEG) study was performed to investigate the cerebral bioavailability of Silexan. Method: Twenty-four male and female healthy volunteers between 20 and 62 years of age were eligible for participation and received 160 or 80 mg/day Silexan or placebo in randomised order according to a 3-way crossover design. Treatment phases of 14 days were separated by 14-day washout periods. qEEG recordings in conditions “eyes open”, “eyes closed”, as well as during performance of 3 different cognitive tasks, were performed at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after drug administration on the first (single-dose assessment) and last day of each treatment period (repetitive dose assessment). Result: Compared with placebo, qEEG analysis revealed a significant increase of spectral power within two hours in the alpha1 range (7.0 - 9.5 Hz), particularly in the fronto-temporal region, where it was more pronounced after administration of Silexan 160 mg/day than after the 80 mg/day dose. Changes in other frequency bands were mainly attributable to circadian rhythm. No EEG changes typically seen during the investigation of sedative drugs (general theta increase) were observed. Cognitive task performance under both doses of Silexan was not inferior compared with that in the placebo period. Conclusions: The study provides evidence that ingredients of the anxiolytic lavender oil preparation Silexan penetrate the blood-brain barrier and induce functional changes in the CNS. The types of changes observed in the qEEG are consistent with the anxiolytic clinical effect of the drug represented by increases of alpha1 spectral power. No sedative effects were observed. Silexan was well tolerated during repetitive administration of doses up to twice the marketed dose.

关键词： Silexan Clinical Trial Cerebral Bioavailability qEEG CATEEM

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Add on the next level—the time point of the type I IFN response orchestrates the immune response

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第8期17卷 791-793页

作者： Angela wedekind David Fritzsch Andrea Kröger Research Group Molecular Microbiology Institute of Microbiology and Hospital HygieneOtto von Guericke University39120MagdeburgGermany Research Group Innate Immunity and Infection Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research38124BraunschweigGermany

The directed control of an effective cellular or adaptive immune response is the aim of vaccine strategies and tumor *** antibodies prevent the spread of pathogens,while efficient cellular immunotherapy is used to overcome T-cell exhaustion and unresponsiveness toward *** such settings,the type I interferon(IFN)system mediates pleiotropic effects of the immune system that can be either immunostimulating or *** a recent work,De Giovanni et *** a novel regulatory checkpoint by which type I IFN regulates CD4^(+)T-cell *** study dissects the time point of type I IFN induction as a central regulator of the adaptive immune response that determines the balance between humoral and cellular *** findings identify an intriguing and previously undescribed checkpoint that can potentially be manipulated for ***,the authors demonstrate that CD4^(+)T-cell polarization could be influenced by manipulating the IFN response during infection.

关键词： al. vaccine interferon

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Male sexual signaling and expected effects of hatchery-induced sperm competition vary with water depth at which whitefish are caught

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 337-340页

作者： Giulia Perroud David Nusbaumer Christian de Guttry Claus wedekind Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Salmonids like whitefish(Coregonus spp.)are often propagated in supportive *** are caught from their spawning locations,their gametes mixed,and the resulting offspring reared in a protected environment before being released into the *** procedure can affect sexual selection,for example,by enhancing the importance of sperm competition or by reducing the relevance of sexual *** it is often unclear how sperm competitiveness is affected by a male's overall genetic quality,there is accumulating evidence that sexual signals reveal good genes and that mate choice based on such signals can increase offspring viability(Auld et al.2019).Therefore,supportive breeding may affect the genetic variance and the mean genetic quality of next generations.

关键词： sexual signaling sperm competition whitefish

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Absorption of methionine sources in animals-is there more to know?

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 159-170页

作者： Philippe Becquet Mercedes Vazquez-Anon Yves Mercier Dolores I.Batonon-Alavo Frances Yan Karen wedekind Tahir Mahmood IMAA BrusselsBelgium Novus International Saint CharlesMissouriUSA Adisseo France SAS AntonyFrance

This literature review evaluates the absorption of methionine (Met) sources such as 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (HMTBa), its calcium salts (HMTBa-Ca), and DL-methionine (DL-Met) by focusing on the state of knowledge regarding the absorption mechanism, experimental methodology, and factors affecting their absorption. The 2 Met sources differ in mechanism and site of absorption due to differences in their chemical characteristics and enzymatic conversion. This review addresses diffusion- and transport-mediated absorption systems for amino acids and carboxylic compounds, best elucidated by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models. Opportunities and limitations in the use of radioisotopes to depict absorption sites as well as host and microbial metabolism are described. Physiological and environmental conditions that lead to changes in gut absorptive capacity and the impact of Met source absorption are also evaluated. This review concludes that any comparison between HMTBa and DL-Met should consider their different behaviors during the absorption phase. Hence, the chemical characteristics of these 2 molecules entail different absorption sites and mechanisms, from passive absorption in the case of HMTBa and HMTBa-Ca to active transporters for DL-Met, HMTBa, and HMTBa-Ca. In addition, the different conversion modes of these 2 molecules further differentiate their absorption modes. Considering these important differences, it is easier to understand the apparent divergence between the conclusions of existing publications. When comparing these 2 molecules, it is recommended to properly adapt to the conditions under which the absorption of Met sources is evaluated.

关键词： DL-Methionine Hydroxy-analog of methionine 2-Hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid AbsorptionM ethodology

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A systematic review of metabolism of methionine sources in animals:One parameter does not convey a comprehensive story

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 31-49页

作者： Philippe Becquet Mercedes Vazquez-Anon Yves Mercier Karen wedekind Tahir Mahmood Dolores I.Batonon-Alavo Frances Yan International Methionine Analogue Association Regus Brussels City CentreStephanie SquareAvenue Louise65B-1050 BrusselsBelgium Novus International Inc. 20 Research Park DriveSaint CharlesMissouri 63304USA Adisseo France SAS Antony Parc II10 Place Du General de GaulleAntony 92160France

The goal of this review article,based on a systematic literature search,is to critically assess the state of knowledge and experimental methodologies used to delineate the conversion and metabolism of the 2 methionine(Met)sources DL-methionine(DL-Met)and DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid(HMTBa).The difference in the chemical structures of HMTBa and DL-Met indicates that these molecules are absorbed and metabolized differently in *** review explores the methodologies used to describe the 2-step enzymatic conversion of the 3 enantiomers(D-HMTBa,L-HMTBa and D-Met)to L-Met,as well as the site of conversion at the organ and tissue *** work was published documenting the conversion of HMTBa and D-Met into L-Met and,consequently,the incorporation into protein using a variety of in vitro techniques,such as tissue homogenates,cell lines,primary cell lines,and everted gut sacs of individual *** studies illustrated the role of the liver,kidney,and intestine in the con-version of Met precursors into L-Met.A combination of in vivo studies using stable isotopes and infusions provided evidence of the wide conversion of HMTBa to L-Met by all tissues and how some tissues are net users of HMTBa,whereas others are net secreters of L-Met derived from *** of D-Met to L-Met in organs other than the liver and kidney is poorly *** methodology cited in the literature to determine conversion efficiency ranged from measurements of urinary,fecal,and respiratory excretion to plasma concentration and tissue incorporation of isotopes after intraperitoneal and oral *** observed between these methodologies reflect differences in the metabolism of Met sources rather than differences in conversion *** factors affecting conversion efficiency are explored in this paper and are mostly associated with extreme dietary conditions,such as noncommercial crystalline diets that are very deficient in total sulfur amino a

关键词： DL-Methionine Hydroxy-analog of methionine 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid Conversion Metabolism Methodology

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Superior growth performance in broiler chicks fed chelated compared to inorganic zinc in presence of elevated dietary copper

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 561-569页

作者： Junmei Zhao Robert B. Shirley Julia J. Dibner Karen J. wedekind Frances Yan Paula Fisher Thomas R. Hampton Joseph L. Evans Mercedes Vazquez-Anon research and development novus international20 Research Park DriveSaint CharlesMO 63304USA current affiliation:poultry technical services adisseo usaAlpharettaGA 30022USA

Background： The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism of elevated dietary Cu （250 mg/kg） from CuS04 on three different Zn sources （ZnS04. H20; [Zn bis（-2-hydroxy-4-（methylthio）butanoic acid）], Zn（HMTBa）2 a chelated Zn methionine hydroxy analogue; and Zn-Methionine）, as measured using multiple indices of animal performance in ROSS 308 broilers. Methods： Three experiments were conducted in broiler chicks fed a semi-purified diet. All birds were fed a Zn-deficient diet （8.5 mg/kg diet） for 1 wk, and then provided with the experimental diets for 2 wks. Results： Experiment 1 was a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of Cu （8 vs. 250 mg/kg diet from CuSO4） and two Zn sources at 30 mg/kg [ZnSO4. H20 vs. Zn（HMTBa）2]. Elevated Cu impaired growth performance only in birds fed ZnSO4. Compared to ZnSO4. H20, Zn（HMTBa）2 improved feed intake （12 %; P 〈 0.001） and weight gain （12 %, P 〈 0.001） and the benefits were more pronounced in the presence of 250 mg/kg diet Cu. Experiment 2 was a dose titration of ZnSO4- H20 and Zn（HMTBa）2 at 30, 4,5, 60, and 75 mg/kg diet in the presence of 250 mg/kg CuSO4. Feed：gain was decreased and tibia Zn was increased with increasing Zn levels from 30 to 75 mg/kg. Birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2 consumed more food and gained more weight compared to birds fed ZnSO4, especially at lower supplementation levels （30 and 45 mg/kg; interaction P 〈 0,05）. Experiment 3 compared two organic Zn sources （Zn（HMTBa）2 vs. Zn-Methionine） at 30 mg/kg with or without 250 mg/kg CuSO4. No interactions were observed between Zn sources and Cu levels on performance or tissue mineral concentrations. High dietary Cu decreased weight gain （P 〈 0.01）. Tibia Cu and liver Cu were significantly increased with 250 mg/kg dietary Cu supplementation （P 〈 0.01）. No difference was observed between the two Zn sources. Conclusions： Dietary 250 mg/kg Cu significantly impaired feed intake and weight gain in birds fed ZnSO4. H20, but had less impact in birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2. No difference

关键词： Antagonism Broilers Chelates Growth MineraLs Organic Performance

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佐提农场的启示摩洛哥盐碱地上的绿洲

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国际原子能机构通报 2001年第3期43卷 26-34页

作者： LOTHAR wedekind 和WorldAtom网站

摩洛哥艾卡拉德斯拉纳省西迪马肖恩——这里虽然不是沙漠,但已接近沙漠。由喧闹的马拉喀什向北驱车约一小时,就到了哈桑·佐提的家庭小农场。周围平坦的土地上旱魃肆虐,几乎寸草不生。即使在这个国家受尽干旱折磨的农民难得遇见的好年景... 详细信息

摩洛哥艾卡拉德斯拉纳省西迪马肖恩——这里虽然不是沙漠,但已接近沙漠。由喧闹的马拉喀什向北驱车约一小时,就到了哈桑·佐提的家庭小农场。周围平坦的土地上旱魃肆虐,几乎寸草不生。即使在这个国家受尽干旱折磨的农民难得遇见的好年景,年平均降雨量也只有几厘米。这点水只够滋润星星点点的灌木和草丛。

关键词：摩洛哥盐碱地巴基斯坦地下水盐碱农业实验室盐碱土壤阿拉伯胶树耐盐碱植物可持续农业

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核工业与佛罗里达

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国际原子能机构通报 2007年第2期 32-34页

作者： Lothar wedekind 国际原子能机构新闻处新闻与信息科

美国的核电站比其他任何国家都要多。但是它将建造下一座极有价值的核电厂。佛罗里达州,迈阿密——尽管石油、天然气和汽油的价格攀升,但是在这片阳光照耀的土地上,空调每周每天24小时都在嗡嗡地响着。报摊前,全球气候变暖成为当地报道... 详细信息

美国的核电站比其他任何国家都要多。但是它将建造下一座极有价值的核电厂。佛罗里达州,迈阿密——尽管石油、天然气和汽油的价格攀升,但是在这片阳光照耀的土地上,空调每周每天24小时都在嗡嗡地响着。报摊前,全球气候变暖成为当地报道的头条新闻。能源问题正在引发各种讨论,包括那些在2008年美国总统候选人之间的讨论。人们正在以更长远、更坚定的目光关注着未来发展方向。"核能"便是其中的一部分。

关键词：能源问题美国总统候选人全球气候乏燃料电力公司电力生产能源结构头条新闻能源安全联盟计

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叙利亚的咸水工作队

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国际原子能机构通报 2003年第1期 52-53页

作者： Lothar wedekind IAEA新闻处

团队精神和核科学使荒地恢复生机虽然土地干旱灼热.但农场主们却充满了决心和自豪。它们徒步.骑自行车、摩托车、骡子来耕种一度废弃的田地.使它们恢复生机。在核科学技术的帮助下.他们一次成功地种植一种作物。叙利亚代尔祖尔附近的盐... 详细信息

团队精神和核科学使荒地恢复生机虽然土地干旱灼热.但农场主们却充满了决心和自豪。它们徒步.骑自行车、摩托车、骡子来耕种一度废弃的田地.使它们恢复生机。在核科学技术的帮助下.他们一次成功地种植一种作物。叙利亚代尔祖尔附近的盐水工作队正在向其他农场主展示.荒地如果耕种得当.能够给社区带来生产收获。他们的辛苦正在帮助决定该国农业的未来。从大马士革到代尔祖尔和其他地区.叙利亚

关键词：代尔祖尔地区农场主大马士革叙利亚工作队

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科学·性别·超级苍蝇

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国际原子能机构通报 2007年第1期 32-33页

作者： Lothar wedekind 国际原子能机构新闻处新闻信息科

核科技的一个附带成果已经改变果蝇交配结果国际原子能机构成立以来的第一个50年,这种附带成果以这种方式在全世界孕育了无数个大大小小的成功故事。

关键词：国际原子能机构核科技遗传性别采采蝇联合国粮农组织遗传标记规模饲养颜色编码技术设施害

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