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货币政策中的透明度及责任制

金融科学（中国金融学院学报） 1998年第3期 106-110页

作者： william a allen 于海中国光大银行总行

关于货币政策的基础结构问题,就是以什么样的程序制定货币政策,促使各个机构间责任的分配,以带来最佳的货币政策。人们曾大量讨论过这个问题,这个讨论尚未结束。七十年代的通货膨胀及其负面影响引起了这些讨论。人们希望能建立一种制... 详细信息

关于货币政策的基础结构问题,就是以什么样的程序制定货币政策,促使各个机构间责任的分配,以带来最佳的货币政策。人们曾大量讨论过这个问题,这个讨论尚未结束。七十年代的通货膨胀及其负面影响引起了这些讨论。人们希望能建立一种制度结构从而尽量减少通货膨胀复发而造成的风险。下面以英国为例阐明问题。通过1945年以来的通货膨胀率(以零售衡量)和长期英国政府债券收益,我们可以看到60年代中期以前英国没有明显的通货膨胀上升趋势,60年代后期到70年代前期通货膨胀不断加剧,并在1975年达到顶值25％。至此以后通货膨胀一直处在下降趋势,尽管有时中断。

关键词：货币政策透明度责任制中央银行货币信用

Recent clinical trials and optical control as a potential strategy to develop microtubule-targeting drugs in colorectal cancer management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第13期30卷 1780-1790页

作者： Katsuhiro Kita allen Burdowski Department of Biology St.Francis CollegeBrooklynNY 11201United States

Colorectal cancer(CRC)has remained the second and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and in the United States,*** significant improvement in overall survival has been achieved,death in adult populations under the age of 55 appears to have increased in the past *** new classes of therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy have emerged,their application is very limited in CRC so ***(MT)inhibitors such as taxanes,are not generally successful in *** may be some way to make MT inhibitors work effectively in *** potential advantage that we can take to treat CRC may be the combination of optical techniques coupled to an endoscope or other fiber optics-based devices.A combination of optical devices and photo-activatable drugs may allow us to locally target advanced CRC cells with highly potent MT-targeting *** this Editorial review,we would like to discuss the potential of optogenetic approaches in CRC management.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Chemotherapy Microtubule Combretastatin Photopharmacology

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关于通货膨胀目标选择

广西金融研究 1998年第7期 49-51页

作者：于海 william a allen 中国光大银行总行

通货膨胀目标选择是90年代发展起来的一种货币政策工具.许多国家都已经宣布他们正在以某种形式运用通货膨胀目标.通货膨胀目标选择与控制通货膨胀的其他方法有何区别?不同之处在于货币政策制定过程中决策的具体步骤以及向公众解释这些... 详细信息

通货膨胀目标选择是90年代发展起来的一种货币政策工具.许多国家都已经宣布他们正在以某种形式运用通货膨胀目标.通货膨胀目标选择与控制通货膨胀的其他方法有何区别?不同之处在于货币政策制定过程中决策的具体步骤以及向公众解释这些决策的方式.货币政策的目标决策的正确制定有赖于明确的目标.在确定货币政策时一个需要解决的主要问题就是需要达到的目的是什么.一个普遍的认同是维持价格稳定应是货币政策的恰当目标.对价格稳定目标的共识是基于这样一个认识,即所有经济政策的最终目标都是促进经济繁荣.于是问题就归结为货币政策如何才能最有效地为该最终目标服务.

关键词：通货膨胀目标选择货币政策

Physiology of medicinal and aromatic plants under drought stress

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 330-339页

作者： Zohreh Emami Bistgani allen V.Barker Masoud Hashemi Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO)Isfahan 81748-35117Iran Stockbridge School of Agriculture University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01002USA

Drought poses a significant challenge,restricting the productivity of medicinal and aromatic *** strain induced by drought can impede vital processes like respiration and photosynthesis,affecting various aspects of plants’growth and *** response to this adversity,medicinal plants employ mechanisms such as morphological and structural adjustments,modulation of drought-resistant genes,and augmented synthesis of secondary metabolites and osmotic regulatory substances to alleviate the *** water scarcity can lead to leaf wilting and may ultimately result in plant *** cultivation and management of medicinal plants under stress conditions often differ from those of other *** is because the main goal with medicinal plants is not only to increase the yield of the above-ground parts but also to enhance the production of active ingredients such as essential *** elucidate these mechanisms of drought resistance in medicinal and aromatic plants,the current review provides a summary of recent literature encompassing studies on the morphology,physiology,and biochemistry of medicinal and aromatic plants under drought conditions.

关键词： Drought stress Medicinal and aromatic plants Phytochemistry Physiology

Convergent plate boundary environments for formation of≥3800 Ma mafic-ultramafic assemblages(Isua area,Greenland):Implications for early global geodynamics

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 119-136页

作者： allen P.Nutman Clark R.L.Friend Vickie C.Bennett School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522Australia Glendale TiddingtonOxon OX92LQUK Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia

In the gneiss terrane on the south side of the Eoarchean Isua supracrustal belt,ultramafic rocks with relict abyssal peridotite mineralogy(Bennett et al.,2002;Friend et al.,2002;Nutman et al.,2007;Rollinson,2007;van de Löcht et al.,2020),layered gabbros with cumulate ultramafic rocks,basalts and associated siliceous sedimentary rocks were tectonically-imbricated,prior to and during intrusion of ca.3800 Ma *** with3800 Ma basalts in the Outer Arc Group of the nearby Isua supracrustal belt,the composition of all these mafic rocks(e.g.,Th-Hf-Nb systematics,high Th/Yb,Ba/Nb,Ba/Yb ratios and negative Nb and Ti anomalies)shows affinity with modern suprasubduction rocks whose genesis involved fluid fluxing of the upper ***,the majority of these samples have Ba/Nb and Ba/Yb values less than in modern island arc magmas,but similar to many backarc basin magmas(e.g.,Pearce and Stern,2006).It is unknown whether these ca.3800 Ma mafic rocks are,(i)arc rocks where the Ba/Nb and Ba/Yb signatures reflect lower surficial Ba in Eoarchean oceanic settings,or(ii)in direct comparison with Phanerozoic suites,these signatures reflect a back-arc setting with interplay between fluid fluxing and decompressional *** tectonic intercalation of upper mantle with lower and upper crustal rocks,combined with the fluid-fluxing influences seen in chemistry of all the mafic rocks is best accommodated in a compressional Eoarchean convergent plate boundary setting within a mobile-lid *** stagnant lid scenarios of crust formation,if operative,must have co-existed or alternated with mobile-lid regimes by 3800 Ma.

关键词： Eoarchean Fluid-fluxing Plate tectonics Suprasubduction Crustal evolution

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Dual innervation method to preserve erectile function following prostatectomy

作者： (美)威廉·谢里登·阿伦(william Sheridan allen)

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Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2024年第3期6卷 159-160页

作者： Nadia Hui Shan Sim allen Sim Dayna Sim Bien-Keem Tan allen Wei-Jiat Wong Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery ServiceSengkang General Hospital544886Singapore Department of Urology Mount Alvernia Hospital Singapore574623Singapore Department of General Surgery Sengkang General Hospital544886Singapore Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgerySingapore General Hospital169608Singapore

Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in ***-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)has altered the landscape of prostate cancer *** the excellent oncological outcomes associated with RARP,the rate of erectile dysfunction(ED)remains *** repair of disrupted cavernous nerves with interpositional nerve grafts has been described;however,the outcomes have been *** hypothesize that this is attributed to Schwann cell atrophy and axonal regeneration limitations caused by long nerve *** proposed the use of nerve transfer to support axonal regrowth via an inter-positional graft with additional donor axons.A cadaveric study was performed to evaluate the anatomical feasibility of a vastus lateralis nerve(VLN)transfer to the distal recipient cavernous nerve *** VLN is long with multiple branching patterns that allow tension-free coaptation of the cavernous *** postulate that a dual innervation method using VLN nerve transfer together with interpositional nerve graft repair of the transacted cavernous nerves may improve the outcomes of ED post-RARP.

关键词： Erectile dysfunction Prostatectomy Interposition nerve graft Nerve transfer Vastus lateralis nerve

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城事

城市地理 2021年第1期 64-67页

作者：本刊编辑部图龙(图) Adam allen william(图) 不详

福建首次发现大型恐爪龙类行迹近日,由福建省英良石材自然历史博物馆与中国地质大学(北京)组成的联合考察队,首次在福建省龙岩市.上杭区发现恐龙足迹240余枚,这是中国目前发现保存最好、面积最大、多样性最高的晚白垩世恐龙足迹群,也是... 详细信息

福建首次发现大型恐爪龙类行迹近日,由福建省英良石材自然历史博物馆与中国地质大学(北京)组成的联合考察队,首次在福建省龙岩市.上杭区发现恐龙足迹240余枚,这是中国目前发现保存最好、面积最大、多样性最高的晚白垩世恐龙足迹群,也是中国首次发现大型恐爪龙类行迹,从此结束了福建省“没有恐龙”的历史。

关键词：自然历史博物馆福建省龙岩市考察队中国地质大学(北京) 行迹晚白垩世上杭

美国目前对膳食纤维的定义以及对纤维作出推荐的科学依据

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美国目前对膳食纤维的定义以及对纤维作出推荐的科学依据