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Grow-light smart monitoring system leveraging lightweight deep learning for plant disease classification

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture

Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2024年第2期12卷 44-56页

作者： william macdonald Yuksel Asli Sari majid Pahlevani Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Queen's UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada The Robert m.Buchan Department of mining Queen's UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada

This work focuses on a novel lightweight machine learning approach to the task of plant disease classification,posing as a core component of a larger grow-light smart monitoring *** the extent of our knowledge,this work is the first to implement lightweight convolutional neural network architectures leveraging down-scaled versions of inception blocks,residual connections,and dense residual connections applied without pre-training to the PlantVillage *** novel contributions of this work include the proposal of a smart monitor-ing framework outline;responsible for detection and classification of ailments via the devised lightweight net-works as well as interfacing with LED grow-light fixtures to optimize environmental parameters and lighting control for the growth of plants in a greenhouse *** adaptation of dense residual connections achieved the best balance of minimizing model parameters and maximizing performance metrics with accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-scores of 96.75%,97.62%,97.59%,and 97.58%respectively,while consisting of only 228,479 model *** results are further compared against various full-scale state-of-the-art model architectures trained on the PlantVillage dataset,of which the proposed down-scaled lightweight models were capable of performing equally to,if not better than many large-scale counterparts with drastically less com-putational requirements.

关键词： Plant disease classification Smart monitoring Deep learning Residual connections Inception Dense residual connections

Gm604 regulates developmental neurogenesis pathways and the expression of genes associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2018年第1期7卷 322-345页

作者： william R.Swindell Krzysztof Bojanowski mark S.Kindy Raymond m.W.Chau Dorothy Ko Heritage College of Osteopathic medicine Ohio UniversityAthensOHUSA Sunny BioDiscovery IncSanta PaulaCAUSA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA James A.Haley VAmC TampaFLUSA Genervon Biopharmaceuticals LLC PasadenaCAUSA

Background:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is currently an incurable disease without highly effective pharmacological *** peptide drug Gm604(Gm6 or Alirinetide)was developed as a candidate ALS therapy,which has demonstrated safety and good drug-like properties with a favorable pharmacokinetic ***6 is hypothesized to bolster neuron survival through the multi-target regulation of developmental pathways,but mechanisms of action are not fully ***:This study used RNA-seq to evaluate transcriptome responses in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells following Gm6 treatment(6,24 and 48 h).Results:We identified 2867 protein-coding genes with expression significantly altered by Gm6(FDRmponents,with increased expression of developmental genes mediating neurogenesis and axon *** Gm6 treatment(24 and 48 h)altered the expression of genes contributing to cell adhesion and the extracellular ***6 further down-regulated the expression of genes associated with mitochondria,inflammatory responses,mRNA processing and chromatin ***6-increased genes were located near GC-rich motifs interacting with C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors,whereas Gm6-decreased genes were located near AT-rich motifs associated with helix-turn-helix homeodomain *** motifs interacted with a diverse network of transcription factors encoded by Gm6-regulated genes(STAT3,HOXD11,HES7,GLI1).We identified 77 ALS-associated genes with expression significantly altered by Gm6 treatment(FDRm6 acts through developmental-stage pathways to influence neuron *** expression responses were consistent with neurotrophic effects,ECm modulation,and activation of the Notch and hedgehog neurodevelopmental *** multif

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Extracellular matrix,Hedgehog Huntington’s disease Neurodegenerative disease Notch,Parkinson’s disease RNA-seq Transcriptome

Lymphocyte phenotypes in wild-caught rats suggest potential mechanisms underlying increased immune sensitivity in post-industrial environments

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2012年第2期9卷 163-174页

作者： Ashley m Trama Zoie E Holzknecht Anitra D Thomas Kuei-Ying Su Sean m Lee Emily E Foltz Sarah E Perkins Shu S Lin william Parker Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff CFIO 3AX UK Department of Immunology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

The immune systems of wild rats and of laboratory rats can been utilized as models of the human immune system in pre-industrial and post-industrial societies, respectively. In this study, lymphocyte phenotypes in wild rats were broadly characterized, and the results were compared to those obtained by us and by others using cells derived from various strains of laboratory rats. Although not expected, the production of regulatory T cells was not apparently different in wild rats compared to laboratory rats. On the other hand, differences in expression of markers involved in complement regulation, adhesion, signaling and maturation suggest increased complement regulation and decreased sensitivity in wild-caught rats compared to laboratory rats, and point toward complex differences between the maturation of T cells. The results potentially lend insight into the pathogenesis of post-industrial epidemics of allergy and autoimmune disease.

关键词： allergy autoimmunity biome hygiene immune regulation

Flattening the biological age curve by improving metabolic health:to taurine or not to taurine,that’s the question

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第11期20卷 813-823页

作者： Kwok m.Ho Anna Lee william Wu matthew T.V.Chan Lowell Ling Jeffrey Lipman Jason Roberts Edward Litton Gavin m.Joynt martin Wong Department of Intensive Care medicine Fiona Stanley HospitalPerthAustralia medical School The University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia School of Veterinary&Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityPerthAustralia Department of Anaesthesia&Intensive Care Prince of Wales HospitalChinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Jamieson Trauma Institute Royal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain medicine Nîmes University HospitalUniversity of MontpellierNîmesFrance University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Herston Infectious Diseases Institute(HeIDI) Metro North HealthBrisbaneAustralia Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care medicine Royal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalBrisbaneAustralia JC School of Public Health and Primary Care Centre for Health Education and Health PromotionChinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health Peking UniversityBeijingChina School of Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

The aging population is an important issue around the world especially in developed *** med-ical advances have substantially extended life span,the same cannot be said for the duration of health *** are seeing in-creasing numbers of elderly people who are frail and/or have multiple chronic conditions;all of these can affect the quality of life of the elderly population as well as increase the burden on the healthcare *** is mechanistically related to common medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus,ischemic heart disease,cognitive decline,and frailty.A recently accepted concept termed‘Accelerated Biological Aging’can be diagnosed when a person’s biological age—as measured by biomarkers of DNA methylation—is older than their corresponding chronological ***,a conditionally essential amino acid,has received much attention in the past few years.A substantial number of animal studies have provided a strong scientific foundation sug-gesting that this amino acid can improve cellular and metabolic health,including blood glucose control,so much that it has been labelled one of the‘longevity amino acids’.In this review article,we propose the rationale that an adequately powered random-ized-controlled-trial(RCT)is needed to confirm whether taurine can meaningfully improve metabolic and microbiome health,and biological *** trial should incorporate certain elements in order to provide the much-needed evidence to guide doctors,and also the community at large,to determine whether this promising and inexpensive amino acid is useful in improving human metabolic health.

关键词： rational meaningful Taurine

FUNDAmENTAL ImPORTANCE OF CONVECTIVE DOWNDRAFTS AND mASS RECYCLING WITHIN THE TROPICAL CLOUD CLUSTER AND THE TYPHOON-HURRICANE

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2012年第1期1卷 96-103页

作者： william m.GRAY Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University

most meteorologists think of the organized tropical cloud cluster and typhoon-hurricane weather system as having a strong transverse(or’in-up-and-out’)circulation of low-level frictionally driven inflow,upward vertical motion in cloud areas,and outflow at upper tropospheric *** weather systems also have another fundamentally important circulation within them which is an additional’down-and-up’(or downdraft-andupdraft)circulation associated with evaporating downdraft motion and mass compensating condensation upward *** additional’down-and-up’circulation has yet to be fully recognized and fully *** paper emphasizes the fundamental role of this additional’down-and-up’circulation which must be added to the accepted’in-up-and-out’basis transverse circulation to obtain a full understanding of the tropical weather system’s complete vertical circulation *** by adding this additional extra’down-and-up’is it possible to make simultaneous mass,energy,and moisture budgets for this class of weather *** additional’down-and-up’(or downdraft-and-updraft)circulation is indispensible in allowing tropical systems to extract large amounts of surface energy from the oceans.

关键词： meteorologists weather cloud areas

Groundwater discharge drives water quality and greenhouse gas emissions in a tidal wetland

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Water Science and Engineering 2022年第2期15卷 141-151页

作者： Zhi-lin Wang mahmood Sadat-Noori william Glamore Water Research Laboratory School of Civil&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia

Wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle as they can be sources or sinks for greenhouse *** discharge into wetlands can affect the water chemistry and act as a source of dissolved greenhouse gases,including CO_(2)and CH_(4).In this study,surface water quality parameters and CO_(2)and CH_(4)concentrations were evaluated in a tidal wetland(Hunter Wetlands National Park,Australia)using time series ***(^(222)Rn),a natural ground water tracer,was used to investigate the role of groundwater as a pathway for transporting dissolved CO_(2)and CH_(4)into the *** addition,water-to-air CO_(2)and CH_(4)fluxes from the wetland were also *** results showed a high concentration of radon in wetland surface water,indicating the occurrence of ground water *** concentration had a strong negative relationship with water depth with a determination coefficient(R^(2))of 0.7,indicating that tidal pumping was the main driver of groundwater discharge to the *** concentration also showed a positive relationship with CO_(2)and CH_(4)concentrations(R^(2)=0.4 and 0.5,respectively),while the time series data revealed that radon,CO_(2),and CH_(4)concentrations peaked concurrently during low *** implied that groundwater discharge was a source of CO_(2)and CH_(4)to the *** wetland had an average water-to-air CO_(2)flux of 99.1 mmol/(m^(2)·d),twice higher than the global average CO_(2)flux from *** average CH_(4)flux from the wetland was estimated to be 0.3 mmol/(m^(2)d),which is at the higher end of the global CH_(4)flux range for *** results showed that groundwater discharge could be an important,yet unaccounted source of CO_(2)and CH_(4)to tidal *** work has implications for tidal wetland carbon budgets and emphasizes the role of groundwater as a subsurface pathway for carbon transport.

关键词： Groundwater discharge methane Carbon dioxide Radon Global warming Climate change

Comparative evaluation of impacts of climate change and droughts on river flow vulnerability in Iran

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Water Science and Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 265-274页

作者： Zahra Noorisameleh Shahriar Khaledi Alireza Shakiba Parviz Zeaiean Firouzabadi william AGough mmonirul Qader mirza Faculty of Earth Sciences Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughToronto M1C 1A4Canada Faculty of Geographical Sciences Kharazmi UniversityTehran 15719-14911Iran

Rivers in arid and semi-arid regions are threatened by droughts and climate *** study focused on a comparative evaluation of the impacts of climate change and droughts on the vulnerability of river flows in three basins with diverse climates in *** standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index(SPEI)and precipitation effectiveness variables(PEVs)extracted from the conjunctive precipitation effectiveness index(CPEI)were used to analyze the drought *** investigate hydrological droughts in the basins,the normalized difference water index(NDWI)and the streamflow drought index(SDI)were calculated and *** effects of droughts were assessed under various representative concentration pathway(RCP)*** in the number of wet days and precipitation depth restricted hydrological droughts,whereas an increasing number of dry days amplified their *** projected increases in dry days and precipitation over short durations throughout a year under future climate scenarios would produce changes in drought and flood periods and ultimately impact the frequency and severity of hydrological *** RCP 4.5,an increase in the frequencies of moderate and severe meteorological/hydrological droughts would further affect the Central Desert *** RCPs 2.6 and 8.5,the frequencies of severe and extreme droughts would increase,but the drought area would be smaller than that under RCP 4.5,demonstrating less severe drought *** to the shallow depths of most rivers,SDI was found to be more feasible than NDWI in detecting hydrological droughts.©2020 Hohai *** and hosting by Elsevier *** is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Climate change River flow Precipitation Drought index Standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index Iran

Treatment with a JAK1/2 inhibitor ameliorates murine autoimmune cholangitis induced by IFN overexpression

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2022年第10期19卷 1130-1140页

作者： Tihong Shao Patrick S.C.Leung Weici Zhang Koichi Tsuneyama william m.Ridgway Howard A.Young Zongwen Shuai Aftab A.Ansari m.Eric Gershwi Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina Division of Rheumatology Allergyand Clinical ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine Institute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute-FrederickFrederickMDUSA

The interferon(IFN)signaling pathways are major immunological checkpoints with clinical significance in the pathogenesis of *** have generated a unique murine model named ARE-Del,with chronic overexpression of IFNγ,by altering IFNγ***,these mice develop an immunologic and clinical profile similar to patients with primary biliary cholangitis,including high titers of autoantibodies and portal *** hypothesized that the downregulation of IFN signaling pathways with a JAK1/2 inhibitor would inhibit the development and progression of *** study this hypothesis,ARE-Del^(+/−)mice were treated with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib and serially *** inhibition resulted in a significant reduction in portal inflammation and bile duct damage,associated with a significant reduction in splenic and hepatic CD4^(+)T cells and CD8^(+)T ***,ruxolitinib inhibited the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IFNγand TNF from splenic CD4^(+)T ***,ruxolitinib treatment also decreased the frequencies of germinal center B(GC B)cells and T follicular helper(Tfh)cells and led to lower serological AmA *** note,liver and peritoneal macrophages were sharply decreased and polarized from m1 to m2 with a higher level of IRF4 expression after ruxolitinib ***,ruxolitinib inhibited the secretion of IL-6,TNF and mCP1 and the expression of STAT1 but promoted the expression of STAT6 in macrophages in vitro,indicating that m1 macrophage polarization to m2 occurred through activation of the STAT6-IRF4 *** data highlight the significance,both immunologically and clinically,of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in autoimmune cholangitis.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis Autoimmunity Interferons Janus Kinase Inhibitors Ruxolitinib

Exploratory study of non-invasive,high-resolution functional macular imaging in subjects with diabetic retinopathy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第1期14卷 57-63页

作者： Thalmon R.Campagnoli Gábor márk Somfai Jing Tian Delia Cabrera DeBuc william E.Smiddy Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFL 33136USA Department of Ophthalmology Semmelweis UniversityFaculty of MedicineBudapestHungary

AIm:To evaluate a high-resolution functional imaging device that yields quantitative data regarding macular blood flow and capillary network features in eyes with diabetic retinopathy(DR).mETHODS:Prospective,cross-sectional comparative case-series in which blood flow velocities(BFVs)and noninvasive capillary perfusion maps(nCPms)in macular vessels were measured in patients with DR and in healthy controls using the Retinal Functional Imager(RFI)***:A total of 27 eyes of 21 subjects were studied[9 eyes nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR),9 eyes proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)and 9 controls].All diabetic patients were type *** patients with NPDR and 5 eyes with PDR also had diabetic macular edema(DmE).The NPDR group included eyes with severe(n=3)and moderate NPDR(n=6),and were symptomatic.A significant decrease in venular BFVs was observed in the macular region of PDR eyes when compared to controls(2.61±0.6 mm/s and 2.92±0.72 mm/s in PDR and controls,respectively,P=0.019)as well as PDR eyes with DmE compared to NPDR eyes(2.36±0.51 mm/s and 2.94±1.09 mm/s in PDR with DmE and NPDR,respectively,P=0.01).CONCLUSION:The RFI,a non-invasive imaging tool,provides high-resolution functional imaging of the retinal microvasculature and quantitative measurement of BFVs in visually impaired DR *** isolated diminish venular BFVs in PDR eyes compared to healthy eyes and PDR eyes with DmE in comparison to NPDR eyes may indicate the possibility of more retinal vein compromise than suspected in advanced DR.

关键词： macular blood flow capillary perfusion map non-invasive vascular imaging high-resolution imaging diabetic retinopathy retinal function imager