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Analytical and Observational Investigation of Colors Effects on Drag Reduction in Penguins

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第4期19卷 1036-1053页

作者： Grace Tenorio Anna Zagrai william Allen Mostafa Hassanalian Department of Mechanical Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA Cottonwood Valley Charter School SocorroNM87801USA Depertment of Biosciences Swansea UniversitySwanseaSA28PPUK

All 18 extant species of penguin are strongly countershaded,having dark dorsal and light ventral *** this paper,the thermal effects of this body color in penguins are investigated through analytical and observational ***,a thermal analysis that takes into account the environmental characteristics of penguins’habitats,fluxes,and morphology is used to analytically calculate penguin dorsal surface ***,a turbulent analytical solution for a heated boundary layer over a flat plate is applied to show that the dark color on the top of the penguins’bodies is very effective at skin drag *** verify this result,a 2D model penguin is computationally analyzed at different temperatures,confirming in principle underwater skin drag reduction through color-based surface warming with efficiency savings of up to 30%.Finally,to study how color-based increases in body surface temperatures are maintained through foraging dives,thermal cameras are used to measure the surface temperature of captive penguins before and after *** study shows conceptually that dark dorsal coloration in penguins could have a significant influence on in-water drag.

关键词： Animal coloration Drag Energy balance Irradiation Penguin Thermal imaging Skin friction

The Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary： An age-old correlative enigma

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Episodes 2008年第4期31卷 423-428页

作者： william A.P. Wimbledon Department of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Queens Road Bristol BS8 United Kingdom

The Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary interval has been problematic since the start of stratigraphic study. This is reflected in different stage names being employed in Boreal and Tethyan realms below and above the putative boundary. Despite attempts at homogenisation where stage terminology is concerned, correlative precision over long distances at or close to a boundary has not yet been achieved. But the new Berriasian/ J-K boundary working-group of the Cretaceous Subcommission is now attempting to remedy this situation.

关键词：侏罗纪白垩纪交界时期地层学

Charged particles:Unique tools to study irradiation resistance of concentrated solid solution alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第9期140卷 260-276页

作者： Yanwen Zhang Lumin Wang william J.Weber Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA Department of Materials Science&Engineering University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA

Many multicomponent concentrated solid solution alloys(CSAs),including high-entropy alloys(HEAs),exhibit improved radiation resistance and enhanced structural stability in harsh *** study and assess irradiation resistance of nuclear materials,energetic ion and electron beams are commonly used to create displacement ***,charged particles of ions,electrons,and positrons are unique tools to create and characterize radiation *** beam analysis(e.g.,Rutherford backscattering spectrometry,nuclear reaction analysis,and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis),electron microscopy techniques(e.g.,transmission or scanning electron microscopy,and electron diffraction),and positron annihilation spectroscopy have been applied to characterize irradiated CSAs or HEAs to understand defect formation and evolution together with chemical and microstructural *** distinctive analyzing power and some perspectives in these techniques are *** developing structural alloys desirable for applications in advanced reactors,neutron exposure is a critical test but the limitation in achievable high damage levels is,however,a *** irradiation is often used as a surrogate for neutron irradiation,and the associated reduced transmutations and higher displacements per atom(dpa)rates are desirable for materials ***,cautions need to be taken when relying on ion irradiation results for reactor *** on differences between ions and neutrons is briefly *** addition,the links to bridge the current advances on fundamental understandings to reactor applications are discussed to lay the groundwork between neutrons and ions for radiation effects studies.

关键词： chemical disorder high-entropy alloys chemically complex alloys charged particles radiation resistance displacement damage electronic energy loss and ionization transmutation

Solar-absorbing metamaterial microencapsulation of phase change materials for thermo-regulating textiles

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2015年第2期6卷 105-112页

作者： william Tong Alan Tong Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy AuroraIL 60506USA Neuqua Valley High School NapervilleIL 60564USA

This paper presents a novel concept for designing solar-absorbing metamaterial microcapsules of phase change materials(PCMs)integrated with thermo-regulating smart textiles intended for coats or garments,especially for wear in space or cold weather on *** metamaterial is a periodically nanostructured metal-dielectric-metal thin film and can acquire surface plasmons to trap or absorb solar energy at subwavelength *** kind of metamaterial microencapsulation is not only able to take advantage of latent heat that can be stored or released from the PCMs over a tunable temperature range,but also has other advantages over conventional polymer microencapsulation of PCMs,such as enhanced thermal conductivity,improved flame-retardant capabilities,and usage as an extra solar power *** thermal analysis for this kind of microencapsulation has been done and can be used as a guideline for designing integrated thermo-regulating smart textiles in the *** metamaterial microcapsules may open up new routes to enhancing thermo-regulating textiles with novel properties and added value.

关键词： metamaterial microencapsulation phase change material thermo-regulating textile

The Tribulations of a Chinese in China:Verne and the Celestial Empire

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外国语 2006年第5期29卷 63-79页

作者： william Butcher the Language Centres at the Hong Kong Institute for Vocational Education

In Around the World in Eighty Days, Jules Verne presents chapters describing nineteenth-century Hong Kong. In the pioneering Tribulations of a Chinese in China he creates a complex Chinese hero and provides a relatively accurate description of contemporary conditions, based on first-hand sources. Verne’s manuscript and correspondence with his publisher show, however, that this novel underwent considerable changes before publication.

关键词： Jules Verne China French literature literary criticism inception

Is linguistic knowledge useful knowledge? An answer from the teaching of reading

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世界汉语教学 2001年第1期15卷 7-23页

作者： william Labov

Over the past two hundred years the science of linguistics has made great strides in its ability to formulate general principles, analyze complex relations, and unify these phenomena in models of the ways in which meanings are transformed into sounds and sounds are reconstructed as meanings. The psychological correlates of these models have been examined by the discipline of psycholinguistics, which is considerably larger than linguistics itself, but in so far as it has been able to keep up with rapidly evolving linguistic theory, the results have been far from conclusive. The area that is least developed is the testing of linguistic theory by efforts to effect changes in the social, psychological and physical realities of everyday life.

关键词：语言学分析原则阅读方式教学方法汉语

Cabazitaxel： a new drug for metastatic prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 185-186页

作者： Marijo Bilusic william L Dahut Medical Oncology Branch Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute National Institutes of HealthBethesda MD 20892 USA

In Western countries, prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in menand ranks third in mortality. In 2010, an estimated 217 730 new cases are anticipated in the United States, and about 32 050 men are expected to die from the disease. Until 2004, numerous clinical trials in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC） failed to demonstrate any signifi- cant change in overall survival.

关键词： Prostate Men Cancer (genus) Neoplasms Repairing Lymphocytes

Transmission of Knowledge and Practice between Cultures:A Case Study of Chinese Medicine Integration in the United States

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2022年第4期5卷 202-207页

作者： william Morris AOMA Graduate School of Integrative Medicine Austin 78745USA

Medicine operates within the world views of the culture that it serves,and the widespread Chinese diaspora has carried medical practices with *** resulting creolization takes shape at the borders of intersecting cultures in a distinct form of *** article explores the intersections of integration relative to the spread of Chinese medicine in the United States in practical,cognitive,and theoretical *** article could be a reference to practitioners,academics,and policymakers in the areas of integrative and Chinese medicine.

关键词： Acupuncture Culture ICD-11 Integrative medicine Sociology Traditional Chinese medicine Transdisciplinarity

Recycled asphalt shingle modified asphalt mixture design and performance evaluation

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第2期7卷 205-214页

作者： He Wang Punyaslok Rath william GButtlar Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

The inclusion of recycled asphalt shingles(RAS)in asphalt mixtures has become increasingly common;however,the underlying design principles vary significantly by *** primary objectives of this study included:(1)evaluating the‘binder availability’concept for RAS mixtures through a carefully designed laboratory experiment;(2)demonstrating a balanced mixture performance testing approach for the design of RAS mixtures;and(3)evaluating the field data of RAS mixtures placed in the Midwest region of the *** asphalt mixture designs with RAS contents of 0,2.5%and 5.0%,which were designed to have nearly identical volumetric characteristics,were *** binder availability was determined to be approximately 100%in the two RAS mixtures *** addition,Hamburg wheel tracking and disk-shaped compact tension tests were conducted to evaluate the high-and low-temperature mixture *** expected,the addition of RAS significantly improved the rutting ***-shaped compact tension(DC(T))test results demonstrated that a soft base binder effectively permitted the design of thermal-crack-resistant RAS *** investigations indicated that the performance of pavement surfaces containing RAS was similar to that of surfaces containing only reclaimed asphalt pavement or virgin *** study also highlights a performanceengineered mix design approach,which is currently being adopted by several agencies in the Midwest(e.g.,Illinois Toll way,Missouri DOT,etc.)and can provide mix designers a reliable approach for designing innovative asphalt mixtures with higher recycling levels and a modern,heterogeneous ***,the proposed approach may prove to be a simpler,more mixture-centric alternative to the primary method suggested in AASHTO PP78-17,which recommends arbitrary VMA bumping plus binder extraction,recovery,and advanced binder testing.

关键词： Pavement Recycled asphalt shingles RAS DC(T) Cracking