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Vertical plane depth-resolved surface potential and carrier separation characteristics in flexible CZTSSe solar cells with over 12% efficiency

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 36-52页

作者： Dae-Ho Son Ha Kyung Park Dae-Hwan Kim Jin-Kyu Kang Shi-joon Sung Dae-Kue Hwang Jaebaek Lee Dong-Hwan Jeon Yunae Cho william jo Taeseon Lee JunHo Kim Sang-Hoon Nam Kee-Jeong Yang Division of Energy Technology DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Research Center for Thin Film Solar Cells DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic *** main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and *** overcome this,it is important to understand their electron-hole behavior *** determine the carrier separation characteristics,we measured the surface potential and the local current in terms of the absorber *** elemental variation in the intragrains(IGs)and at the grain boundaries(GBs)caused a band edge shift and bandgap(Eg)*** the absorber surface and subsurface,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure was observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was *** the absorber center,both upward Ec and Ev and downward Ec-upward Ev band bending structures were observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was *** improve the carrier separation and suppress carrier recombination,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure at the GBs is desirable.

关键词： carrier separation CZTSSe flexible solar cell local current surface potential

Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： Byeongchan Ahn Sua jo jonggeol Na J.Jay Liu Young-Ju Kim Wangyun Won Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated process) Kyung Hee University Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University Department of Chemical Engineering Pukyong National University Resources Engineering Plant Research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol（1,6-HDO） with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments（LCAs）.Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically（USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton） and environmentally（-26.9 kg CO2eq.）. This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： Carbon capture and utilization

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui jo Anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato joão B.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology(IBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

Prostate magnetic resonance imaging and the value of experience:An intrareader variability study

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Asian journal of Urology 2023年第4期10卷 488-493页

作者： Thomas Whish-Wilson jo-Lynn Tan william Cross Lih-Ming Wong Tom Sutherland Department of Surgery St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne41 Victoria PdeFitzroy VICAustralia Department of Surgery The University of MelbourneMelbourne VICAustralia Faculty of Medicine The University of MelbourneMelbourne VICAustralia Medical Imaging Department St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne41 Victoria PdeFitzroy VICAustralia

Objective To measure the intraobserver concordance of an experienced genitourinary radiologist reporting of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate(mpMRIp)scans over *** An experienced genitourinary radiologist re-reported his original 100 consecutive mpMRIp scans using Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2(PI-RADS v2)after 5 years of further experience comprising>1000 *** agreement was measured using Cohen's ***,specificity,negative predictive value(NPV),positive predictive value(PPV),and accuracy were calculated,and comparison of sensitivity was performed using McNemar's *** Ninety-six mpMRIp scans were included in our final *** the 96 patients,53(55.2%)patients underwent subsequent biopsy(n=43)or prostatectomy(n=15),with 73 lesions *** agreement(Cohen's kappa 0.55)was seen in the number of lesions identified at initial reporting and on re-reading(81 vs.39 total lesions;and 71 vs.37 number of PI-RADS≥3 lesions).For clinically significant prostate cancer,re-reading demonstrated an increase in specificity(from 43%to 89%)and PPV(from 62%to 87%),but a decrease in sensitivity(from 94%to 72%,p=0.01)and NPV(from 89%to 77%).Conclusion The intraobserver agreement for a novice to experienced radiologist reporting mpMRIp using PI-RADS v2 is *** sensitivity is off-set by improved specificity and PPV,which validate mpMRIp as a gold standard for prebiopsy screening.

关键词： Prostate cancer Magneticresonance imaging Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System Intrareader Prostate biopsy

A Quasilinear System Related with the Asymptotic Equation of the Nematic Liquid Crystal’s Director Field

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2021年第2期42卷 163-172页

作者： joão-Paulo DIAS Departamento de Matemática and CMAFcIO Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaCampo GrandeEdificio C61749-016 LisboaPortugal

In this paper, the author studies the local existence of strong solutions and their possible blow-up in time for a quasilinear system describing the interaction of a short wave induced by an electron field with a long wave representing an extension of the motion of the director field in a nematic liquid crystal’s asymptotic model introduced in[Saxton, R. A., Dynamic instability of the liquid crystal director. In: Current Progress in Hyperbolic Systems(Lindquist, W. B., ed.), Contemp. Math., Vol.100, Amer. ***., Providence, RI, 1989, pp.325–330] and [Hunter, J. K. and Saxton, R. A., Dynamics of director fields, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 51, 1991, 1498–1521] and studied in [Hunter, J. *** Zheng, Y., On a nonlinear hyperbolic variational equation I, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal.,129, 1995, 305–353], [Hunter, J. K. and Zheng, Y., On a nonlinear hyperbolic variational equation II, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal., 129, 1995, 355–383] and in [Zhang, P. and Zheng,Y., On oscillation of an asymptotic equation of a nonlinear variational wave equation,Asymptotic Anal., 18, 1998, 307–327] and, more recently, in [Bressan, A., Zhang, P. and Zheng, Y., Asymptotic variational wave equations, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal., 183, 2007,163–185].

关键词： Benney system Conservation law Schrödinger equation Nematic liquid crystal Director field

Huge undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas with osteoclast-like giant cells

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第10期20卷 2725-2730页

作者： Sungho jo Department of Surgery Dankook University College of Medicine Cheonan Chungnam 330-714 South Korea

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas with osteoclast-like giant cells(OGCs)is very rare,less than1%of all pancreatic malignancies,and shows worse prognosis than that of invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the *** present a case of en bloc resection for a huge undifferentiated carcinoma with OGCs that invaded the stomach and transverse mesocolon.A 67-year female was admitted for left upper quadrant pain and computed tomography demonstrated a mass occupying the lesser sac and abutting the stomach and *** were no distant metastases and the patient underwent subtotal pancreatectomy with splenectomy,total gastrectomy,and segmental resection of the transverse *** examination confirmed an 11 cm-sized undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas with *** staining revealed reactivity with pan-cytokeratin in adenocarcinoma component,with vimentin in neoplastic multinucleated cells,with CD45/CD68 in OGCs,and with p53 in tumor cells,*** patient had suffered from multiple bone metastases and survived9 mo after *** case supports the ductal epithelial origin of undifferentiated carcinoma with OGCs and early diagnosis could result in favorable surgical *** on the surgical role and prog-nostic factors need to be warranted in this tumor.

关键词： Carcinoma Giant cell Pancreas Prognosis Treatment outcome

Steady-state probability density function in wave turbulence under large volume limit

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第5期20卷 139-145页

作者： Yeontaek Choi Sang Gyu jo Division of Fusion and Convergence of Mathematical Sciences National Institute for Mathematical SciencesDaejeon 305-340Republic of Korea Department of Physics Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 702-701Republic of Korea

We investigate the possibility for two-mode probability density function （PDF） to have a non-zero flux steady state solution. We take the large volume limit so that the space of modes becomes continuous. It is shown that in this limit all the steady-state twoor higher-mode PDFs are the product of one-mode PDFs. The flux of this steady-state solution turns out to be zero for any finite mode PDF.

关键词： wave turbulence probability flux multi-mode probability density function Larguerreequation

Visible-light-activated N-doped CQDs/g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites with different component arrangements for the promoted degradation of hazardous vapors

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第5期40卷 168-175页

作者： Mi Gyeong Kim Wan-Kuen jo Department of Environmental Engineering Kyungpook National University 80 University RoadBukguDaegu702-701Republic of Korea

To investigate whether the arrangement of componentsin multi-composite photocatalysts may affect their photocatalytic properties,due to different charge-transfer routes,two ternary-nanocomposite photocatalysts with different component arrangements,comprising N-doped carbon quantum dots(NCQDs),g-C3N4(CN),and Bi2WO6(BWO)(hereafter referred to as NCQDs/CN/BWO),were developed,and the photocatalytic degradation of model hazardous vapors under visible-light illumination was *** I NCQDs/CN/BWO,which was developed by the combination of NCQDs/BWO and CN,exhibited photocatalytic ability superior to that of type II NCQDs/CN/BWO,which was developed by the combination of CN/BWO and NCQDs;the superior photocatalytic ability corresponded to the dual properties of NCQDs:charge mediation and upconversion ***,the photocatalytic ability of NCQDs/CN/BWO was greater than those of the reference catalysts;in addition,this photocatalyst exhibited outstanding photochemical ***,the effects of CN/(BWO+CN)weight ratio of the CN/BWO dual nanocomposites and the NCQDs/(BWO+CN+NCQDs)weight percentage of NCQDs/CN/BWO ternary nanocomposites on the pollutant removal efficiency were *** plausible mechanisms over the two NCQDs/CN/BWO photocatalysts for the degradation of hazardous vapors were *** component arrangement approach proposed herein afforded a technique toward the perceptive development of novel multi-component heterostructures for the photocatalytic degradation of hazardous vapors.

关键词： Component arrangement Charge-transfer route NCQDs dual role Charge mediator Upconversion photoluminescence