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The changing pattern of renal osteodystrophy

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肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志 1996年第2期 1-9+95页

作者： allen C.Alfrey william E.Huffer Department of Medicine and Pathology Denver V.A.Medical Center and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center USA Department of Medicine and Pathology Denver V.A.Medical Center and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center USA

Aluminum intoxication has been a ma-jor cause of morbidity and mortality in dia-lyzed uremic *** the last 7-years means to markedly reduce aluminumexposure in this population have been *** study was carried out to de-termine how effective restriction of alu-minum exposure has been in preventing alu-minum loading and toxicity in uremic *** All bone histology processed onpatients with end-stage renal disease(452patients)between January 1984 and Decem-ber 1991 were *** were performed and bones dividedinto four major grouping:①high turnover,osteitis firosa;②low turnover,osteomala-cia;③low turnover,adynamic and ④mixedtype bone *** Between 1985 and 1991 a signifi-cant decrease in aluminum loading wasfound in patients with end-stage renal dis-ease as determined by a fall in plasma alu-minum from 74±30 μg/L to 12±7 μg/L and decrease in aluminum positive bonespecimens from 87.2% to 35.8%(P<0.01).With the reduction in aluminumloading low turnover osteomalacic bone dis-ease decreased from 11.6% to less than 5%(P<0.05)of the total bone specimensstudied and the fraction of mixed bone dis-ease with osteomalacic features decreasedfrom 33% to 19%(P<0.03).There was nochange in the other types of bone *** The present methods of limit-ing aluminum exposure in dialysis patientsappears to be fairly effective in preventingaluminum loading and skeletal toxicity,manifested as a mineralization ***-ever,aluminum restriction had no influenceon high turnover bone disease or the ady-namic type of low turnover disease support-ing a different etiology for these two typesof bone disease.

关键词： aluminum uremia osteomalacia hyperparathyroid bone

THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE FLOW INVARIANTS OF LOCAL UNSTEADY HOMOGENEOUS SHEAR FLOW

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 1994年第3期6卷 25-33页

作者： allen T.Chwang Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Hong KongHong Kong

In this paper the vorticity equation and the rate- of- swain tensor equation of unsteady homogeneous shear flow of an incompressible fluid are investigated and five scalar invariants, such as enstrophy, etc. , equations are obtained. Then according to these scalar invariants equations and a pressure distribution assumption, the stability of the solution and its special behaviours are discussed. It is found out that under certain conditions the enstrophy and the second invariant of the rate-of-strain tensor will approach to infinity periodically. It is so-called blow up phenomenon and has the close relation with the burst phenomenon.

关键词： vorticity invariant blow up.

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Computational Electrodynamics The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method,2nd Bk&CD 2nd ed. /

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Assimilation of atmospheric infrared sounder radiances with WRF-GSI for improving typhoon forecast

丛书名： Artech House Antennas and Propagation Library

2000年

作者： allen Taflove Susan C. Hagness

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第3期12卷 457-467页

作者： Yan-An LIU Zhibin SUN Maosi CHEN Hung-Lung allen HUANG Wei GAO Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education) East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China ECNU-CSU Joint Research Institute for New Energy and the Environment East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Joint Laboratory for Environmental Remote Sensing and Data Assimilation East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 United States Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 United States

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder （AIRS） can provide the profile information on atmospheric temperature and humidity in high vertical resolution. The assimilation of its radiances has been proven to improve the Numerical Weather Prediction （NWP） in global models. In this study, regional assimilation of AIRS radiances was carried out in a community assimilation system, using Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation （GSI） coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRY） model. The AIRS channel selection, quality control, and radiances bias correction were examined and illustrated for optimized assimilation. The bias correction scheme in the regional model showed that corrections on most of the channels produce satisfactory results except for several land surface channels. The assimilation and forecast experiments were carried out for three typhoon cases （Saola, Damrey, and Haikui in 2012） with and without including AIRS radiances. Results show that the assimilation of AIRS radiances into the WRF/GSI model improves both the typhoon track and intensity in a 72-hour forecast.

关键词： AIRS WRF/GSI model radiance assimilation typhoon forecast

Provision,transport and deposition of debris in urban waterways

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2015年第2期30卷 142-149页

作者： Deonie allen Scott Arthur Nicolas Wallerstien Janice Blanc Heather Haynes Heriot-Watt University

The transport of woody debris from urban surfaces,through local urban waterways,to constriction and blockage risk locations is not well *** trials have identified debris and watercourse dimensions as influential factors on debris movement,and large woody debris movement has been traced in the natural rural environment using time series photography,active transponders,and field *** novel passive transponder technology,small woody debris has been traced through an urban case study watercourse to establish key influential factors on urban debris *** incorporating urban debris transport detail into the source and deposition process,a complete picture of urban debris transport can be created,supporting effective culvert and trash screen design,watercourse maintenance and blockage risk *** case study highlights that factors beyond watercourse depth and velocity are influential in debris movement within an urban *** dimension and source location upstream are shown to significantly affect the potential for debris to reach a downstream constriction,illustrating a possible distance limitation in nuisance flow debris blockage risk.

关键词： Urban debris transport Flood risk Blockage Urban gross pollutants Passive integrated transponder technology

Dynamics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans

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Insect Science 2009年第2期16卷 175-184页

作者： Andrew Y. Li Kimberly H. Lohmeyer J. allen Miller USDA ARS Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory 2700 Fredericksburg Road Kerrville TX 78028 USA

A study was conducted at the Pressler ranch, near Kerrville, Texas, USA between 2002 and 2006 to determine the dynamics and mechanisms of resistance to permethrin in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans （L.）. Changes of resistance to pyrethroid insecticide associated with use of a pour-on formulation of cyfluthrin in 2002 and use of diazinon ear tags in subsequent years were studied using a filter paper bioassay technique and a polymerase chain reaction assay that detects two sodium channel mutations, kdr and super-kdr resistance alleles. A maximum of 294-fold resistance to permethrin was observed in the summer of 2002. A significant decrease in the resistance level was observed in spring 2003, and resistance continued to decline after animals were treated with diazinon ear tags. In response to pyrethroid treatments, the allelic kdr and super-kdr frequency increased from 56.3% to 93.8% and from 7.5% to 43.8%, respectively in 2002, and decreased significantly in 2003 when the pyrethroid insecticide was no longer used to treat animals. Females were found to have a higher allelic super-kdr frequency than males in 2002, while no difference was detected between males and females in the allelic kdr frequency. There was a significant positive correlation between frequencies of the sodium channel mutations and levels ofpermethrin resistance, suggesting that the sodium channel mutations, kdr and super-kdr, are the major mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids in this horn fly population. Results of synergist bioassays also indicated possible contributions of two metabolic detoxification mechanisms, the mixed function oxidases （MFO） and glutathione S-trans- ferases （GST）. Compared to a horn fly infestation of an untreated herd, treatments with the pyrethroid pour-on formulation failed to control horn flies at the Pressler ranch in 2002. Sustained control of horn flies was achieved with the use of diazinon ear tags in 2003 and subsequent years.

关键词： efficacy horn fly insecticide resistance PCR permethrin pyrethroids

Different paths to sexual size dimorphism in two praying mantids, Pseudomantis albofimbriata and Hierodula majuscula

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Insect Science 2014年第2期21卷 227-233页

作者： Louise E. allen Katherine L. Barry Gregory I. Holwell Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW 2109 Australia School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand

Sexual size dimorphism （SSD） is widespread among diverse animal taxa and has attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists for over a century. SSD is likely to be adaptive and the result of divergent selection on different size optima for males and females, given their different roles in reproduction. The developmental trajectory leading to SSD may help us to understand how selection acts on male and female size. Here, we describe the growth and development of two Australian praying mantids, Pseudomantis albofimbriata and Hierodula majuscula including the number of moults, time to adulthood, size at each moult, and the degree of SSD. While both species exhibit the common pattern of female-biased SSD, the number of moults required for individuals to reach adulthood differed between males and females and between species. Despite their larger adult size, P. albofimbriata females require fewer moults and less time than males to reach adulthood, but are significantly larger than males from the second instar onwards. In contrast, H. majuscula males reached adulthood in fewer moults, and less time than females, however males and females did not differ in size until females went through their final moult into adulthood. H. majuscula also required more time and more moults to reach adulthood than 17. albofimbriata. We discuss these different developmental pathways in light of the existing knowledge of reproductive biology for each species. We also suggest that these differences may relate to the different phenologies that occur in strongly seasonal temperate environments compared with those in the tropics. This study provides evidence that SSD can result from two different patterns of growth and development in closely related species.

关键词： developmental trajectories Mantodea sexual size dimorphism

Jejunoileal bypass:A surgery of the past and a review of its complications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第18期15卷 2277-2279页

作者： Dushyant Singh Alexandra S Laya Wendell K Clarkston Mark J allen Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Missouri Kansas CityKansas City MO 64111United States

Jejunoileal bypass(JIB),popular in the 1960s and 1970s,had remarkable success in achieving weight loss by creating a surgical short bowel *** patient had an unusual case of liver disease and provided no history of prior bariatric ***,it was recognized that he had a JIB in the 1970s,which was also responsible for the gamut of his *** with JIB are often not recognized,as they died of complications,or underwent reversal of their surgery or a liver-kidney *** identification with prompt reversal,and the recognition and treatment of the life-threatening consequences play a critical role in the management of such patients.

关键词：减肥手术并发症肝脏疾病短肠综合征肾移植手术体外循环早期识别扭转

High throughput RNA sequencing utility for diagnosis and prognosis in colon diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第16期23卷 2819-2825页

作者： Mamie Gao allen Zhong Neil Patel Chiraag Alur Dinesh Vyas Department of Surgery Texas Tech UniversityOdessaTX 79763United States

RNA sequencing is the use of hight hroughput next generation sequencing technology to survey, characterize, and quantify the transcriptome of a genome. RNA sequencing has been used to analyze the pathogenesis of several malignancies such melanoma, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. RNA sequencing can identify differential expression of genes(DEG's), mutated genes, fusion genes, and gene isoforms in disease states. RNA sequencing has been used in the investigation of several colorectal diseases such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease(ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), and irritable bowel syndrome.

关键词： Colon RNA sequencing Colon cancer Transcriptome Next generation sequencing high throughput