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Journal of Modern Physics 2013年第11期4卷 1546-1553页

作者： werner schmidt Fachbereich Biologie Philipps-Universitat MarburgMarburgGermany Fachbereich Biologie Universitat KonstanzKonstanzGermany

Various spectroscopic experiments performed on the AIRBUS ZERO G—located in Bordeaux, France—in the years 2002 to 2012 exhibit minute optical reflection/absorption changes (GIACs) as a result of gravitational changes between 0 and 1.8 g in various biological species such as maize, oats, Arabidopsis and particularly Phycomyces sporangiophores. During a flight day, the AIRBUS ZERO G conducts 31 parabolas, each of which lasts about three minutes including a period of 22 s of weightlessness. So far, we participated in 11 parabolic flight campaigns including more than 1000 parabolas performing various kinds of experiments. During our campaigns, we observed an unexplainable variability of the measuring signals (GIACs). Using GPS-positioning systems and three dimensional magnetic field sensors, these finally were traced back to the changing earth’s magnetic field associated with the various flight directions. This is the first time that the interaction of gravity and the Earth’ magnetic field in the primary induction process in living system has been observed.

关键词： MDWS(Micro Dual Wavelength Spectrometer) GIAC(Gravity Induced Absorption Change) AIRBUS-300-ZERO-G Parabolic Flight Micro-and Hypergravity Three Dimensional Earth’s Magnetic Field Global Positioning System(GPS) Google Earth

Hyper Gravity-Induced Transients in <i>Phycomyces</i>as Measured by Single Beam Spectrophotometer on the Sounding Rocket TEXUS 50

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Journal of Modern Physics 2018年第2期9卷 273-286页

作者： werner schmidt Fachbereich Biologie Philipps-Universit&auml t Marburg Marburg Germany Fachbereich Biologie Universit&auml t Konstanz Konstanz Germany

In the first paper of two referring to the TEXUS 50 campaign using micro dual wavelength spectrometers (MDWS) we kinetically determined the threshold1 for GIACs (gravity-induced absorption changes) in Phycomyces to be lower than 25 × 10−3 g (http://***/pdf/JMP_***). In this second paper, we attended measurement of GIAC-spectra. Unexpectedly, during the upwards movement, i.e. the hypergravity phase up to top acceleration values reaching 11.6 g at 35.4 s after liftoff we observed transient GIAC-spectra ranging from 380 to 750 nm. In addition, during the whole acceleration phase of 68.2 s, another component near 700 nm develops which remains stable during the whole “free fall trajectory parabola” for 381.3 s. The subsequent reentry of the rocket leads to extraordinary deceleration values up 37.8 g, completely destroying Phycomyces sporangiophores excluding their spectral measurement. During the microgravity phase and by centrifuge operation we were unable to detect any GIAC-spectra (in contrast to kinetic MDWS-measurements, first paper).

关键词： MDWS (Micro-Dual Wavelength Spectrophotometer) Single Beam Spectrophotometer (SBS) Diode Array Spectrometer (USB-2000+ Ocean Optics) GIAC (Gravity-Induced Absorption Change) Phycomyces blakesleeanus Sporangiophore Micro- and Hypergravity Texus 50 Sounding Rocket Graviperception. Hyper Gravity-Induced Transients

Gravireception in <i>Phycomyces</i>: Threshold Determination on the Sounding Rocket TEXUS 50

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Journal of Modern Physics 2015年第10期6卷 1381-1389页

作者： werner schmidt Fachbereich Biologie Philipps-Universit&#228 t Marburg Marburg Germany Fachbereich Biologie Universit&#228 t Konstanz Konstanz Germany

Under parabolic flight conditions microgravity is not lower than 3 to 5 times 10-2 g. In contrast to parabolic flights, sounding rocket flights are virtually vibrational-free allowing microgravity as low as 10-5 g. Thus, a rotating platform serving as centrifuge allows the precise generation of gravitational forces ranging from 5 to 100 mg (not possible during parabolic flights). On this basis we determined the threshold1 for optical reflection/absorption changes in Phycomyces to be lower than 25 × 10-3 g. This compares well with the threshold determination of gravitropism in Phycomyces on a clinostat centrifuge. Kinetics of gravity-induced absorption changes and gravity as generated by the on-board centrifuge do not coincide but show a distinctive hysteresis with a latency of 4 s (75 mg-ramp, pull-up).

关键词： MDWS (Micro-Dual Wavelength Spectrophotometer) Δ GIAC (Differential Gravity-Induced Absorption Change) Phycomyces blakesleeanus Sporangiophore Micro- and Hypergravity Texus 50 Sounding Rocket Gravireception

Some Applications of Optimal Control in Sustainable Fishing in the Baltic Sea

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Applied Mathematics 2011年第7期2卷 854-865页

作者： Dmitriy Stukalin werner H. schmidt 不详

Issues related to the implementation of dynamic programming for optimal control of a three-dimensional dynamic model (the fish populations management problem) are presented. They belong to a class of models called Lotka-Volterra models. The existence of bionomic equilibria will be considered. The problem of optimal harvest policy is then solved for the control of various classes of its behaviour. Therefore the focus will be the optimality conditions by using the Bellman principle. Moreover, we consider a different form for the optimal value of the control vector, namely the feedback or closed-loop form of the control. Academic examples are studied in order to demonstrate the proposed methods.

关键词： Optimal Control Problems Maximum Principle Piecewise Constant Optimal Control Bellman Principle

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关于面部干性糠疹的病原

中华皮肤科杂志 1959年第4期7卷 285-285页

作者： Ю.Ф.Коропев 陈明

作者指出,皮脂溢出中最常用的油性与干性的分类不妥当,因为很多脫層性疾患並不能包括在干性皮脂溢出之內。作者在对340例皮脂溢出患者进行了研究之后,認为將其区分为液性(fluid)、稠性(dense)与

关键词：糠疹疹

Charcoal kiln sites, associated landscape attributes and historic forest conditions:DTM-based investigations in Hesse(Germany)

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第3期3卷 174-189页

作者： Marcus schmidt Andreas M?lder Egbert Sch?nfelder Falko Engel werner Fortmann-Valtink Northwest German Forest Research Institute Department A (Forest Growth) Kellerwald-Edersee National Park

Background： An examination of the distribution of ancient charcoal kiln sites in the forest landscape seems to be worthwhile, since general trends in the selection of suitable kiln site locations in the past might become obvious. In this way forest landscape elements with a more intense usage by charcoal burning can be identified. By doing this, we can expect to gain information on the former condition and tree species composition of woodland. Investigations on the spatial distribution of charcoal kiln sites in relation to landscape attributes are sparse, however, probably due to the high on-site mapping effort. The outstanding suitability of LiDAR-derived digital terrain models （DTMs） for the detection of charcoal kiln sites has been recently proved. Hence, DTM-based surveys of charcoal kiln sites represent a promising attempt to fill this research gap. Methods： Based on DTM-based surveys, we analyzed the spatial distribution of charcoal kiln sites in two forest landscapes in the German federal state of Hesse： Reinhardswald and Kellerwald-Edersee National Park. In doing so, we considered the landscape attibutes ＂tree species composition＂, ＂water supply status＂, ＂nutrient supply status＂, ＂soil complex classes＂, ＂altitude＂, ＂exposition＂, and ＂inclination＂. Results： We found that charcoal kiln sites were established preferably on hillside locations that provided optimal growing and regeneration conditions for European beech （Fagus sylvatico） due to their acidic brown soils and sufficient water supply. These results are in line with instructions for the selection of appropriate kiln site locations, found in literature from the 18th to the 19th century. Conclusions： We conclude that there were well-stocked, beech-dominated deciduous forest stands in northern Hesse before 1800, particularly at poorly accessible hillside locations. These large stocks of beech wood were utilized by the governments of the different Hessian territories through the establishment of ironworks

关键词： Airborne laser scanning Charcoal production Cultural remains Digital terrain model Fagus sylvatica Forest history Historical ecology Landscape history Industrial history Metallurgy

Noninvasive indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate predicts early complications,graft failure or death after liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第4期10卷 362-368页

作者： Lutz Schneider Martin Spiegel Sebastian Latanowicz Markus A Weigand Jan schmidt Jens werner Wolfgang Stremmel Christoph Eisenbach Department of General Surgery University of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 110Heidelberg 69110Germany Department of Gastroenterology University of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 410Heidelberg 69120Germany Department of Anaesthesiology University of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 110Heidelberg 69110Germany

BACKGROUND:Early detection of graft malfunction or postoperative complications is essential to save patients and organs after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Predictive tests for graft dysfunction are needed to enable earlier implementation of organ-saving interventions following *** study was undertaken to assess the value of indocyanine green plasma disappearance rates (ICG-PDRs) for predicting postoperative complications,graft dysfunction and patient survival following ***:Eighty-six patients undergoing OLT were included in this single-centre ***-PDR was assessed daily for the first 7 days following *** were graft loss or death within 30 days and postoperative complications,graft loss,or death within 30 ***:Postoperative complications of 31 patients included deaths (12 patients) or graft ***-PDR was significantly different in patients whose endpoints were graft loss or death beginning from day 3 and in those whose endpoints were graft loss,death,or postoperative complications beginning from day 4 after *** day 7 measurements,receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an ICG-PDR cut-off for predicting death or graft loss of 9.6% per min (a sensitivity of 75.0%,a specificity of 72.6%,positive predictive value 0.35 negative predictive value 0.94).For prediction of graft loss,death or postoperative complications,the ICG-PDR cut-off was 12.3%per min (a sensitivity of 68.9%,a specificity of 66.7%,positive predictive value 0.57,negative predictive value 0.77).CONCLUSIONS:ICG-PDR measurements on postoperative day 7 are predictive of early patient outcomes following *** added value over that of routinely determined laboratory parameters is low.

关键词： indocyanine green liver function liver transplantation

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第6期9卷 1506-1520页

作者： Jon Christiansen Anne-Katrin Guttsches Ulrike Schara-schmidt Matthias Vorgerd Christoph Heute Corinna Preusse werner Stenzel Andreas Roos Department of Pediatric Neurology Centre for Neuromuscular DisordersCentre for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral SciencesUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity Duisburg-Essen45147 EssenGermany Department of Neurology Heimer Institute for Muscle ResearchUniversity Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr University Bochum44789 BochumGermany Department of Adult and Pediatric Diagnostic Interventional RadiologyNuclear MedicineBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum44789 BochumGermany Charite´e Universitatsmedizin Berlin Freie Universitat Berlin10117 BerlinGermany Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Department of Neuropathology10117 BerlinGermany Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology University Hospital MunsterAlbert-Schweitzer-Campus 148149 MunsterGermany Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

Anoctamin-5(ANO5)is a multi-pass membrane protein localized to the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic *** were linked to rare autosomal recessive muscle ***,we summarize the clinical spectrum,imaging data and molecular research findings as well as results of animal modeling,which significantly moved forward the understanding of mechanisms underlying ANO5-related muscle *** that precise histological information on inflammatory processes taking place in patient-derived muscle are still lacking,an(immuno)histological study on biopsies derived from six ANO5-patients was performed showing focal accumulation of necrotic fibers,mild fiber-size variances and *** addition,MRI data of four ANO5-patients(including a 10-year follow-up in one patient)are presented and discussed in the context of previously published ***,data presented in this article combining a review of the literature with own myopathological findings address scientific trends and open questions on ANO5-related muscle diseases,which would be of significant interest for a wide neuromuscular diseases *** conclude,a clear genotypeephenotype correlation does not exist,and ANO5-related muscle disorders might represent the next entity of a clinical continuum with varying degree of muscle cell *** addition,results of pre-clinical studies allowed the definition of suitable cell and animal models characterized by certain histological and functional pathologies resembling the human *** models might serve as suitable systems for testing of interventional concepts in future.

关键词： Anoctamin-5 LGMDR12 MMD3 Muscle inflammation Muscle MRI

Comparison of Cardiovascular Parameters and Internal Training Load of Different 1-h Training Sessions in Non-elite CrossFit^(®)Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 130-141页

作者： Nicole Meier Danien Sietmann Annette schmidt Institut Für Sportwissenschaft Fakultät Für HumanwissenschaftenUniversität Der Bundeswehr MünchenWerner‑Heisenberg‑Weg 3985577 NeubibergGermany

Purpose The fact that CrossFit^(®)is the best-known and rapidly growing concept for high-intensity interval training(HIIT)and high-intensity functional training(HIFT)results in a continuous increase of athletes performing CrossFit^(®).In the more than 15,000 CrossFit^(®)Affiliates worldwide,the training concept is usually offered in 1-h training sessions containing the CrossFit^(®)-related workout of the day(WOD),as well as a general warm-up,movement demonstrations,and skill ***,we report how physiological parameters measured by heart rate(HR)values vary during four different 1-h CrossFit^(®)training sessions of non-elite athletes(n=27)in a local affiliated training center and what influencing factors may *** The duration of the 1-h training sessions were divided into a warm-up part(WU-part),a skill development part combined with strength exercises(A-part),followed by the WOD part(B-part).Results Analysis of HR values shows high training intensity(≥91%HR_(max))not throughout the duration of each training session,only during *** mean HR values in B-part differ significantly compared to the remaining training parts(P<0.001)for all four training *** of different CrossFit^(®)experience levels revealed no significant differ-ence in acute physiological demands and training load between beginner and experienced CrossFit^(®)*** Our results may suggest that practicing CrossFit^(®)in 1-h training sessions combined anaerobic and aerobic exercise intensities,with the training concept allows beginners and experienced athletes to be trained with the same cardio-vascular responses and training intensities.

关键词： CrossFit^(®)performance Training load Exercise intensity Cardiovascular response High-intensity functional training

On the combined effect of soil fertility and topography on tree growth in subtropical forest ecosystems—a study from SE China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 111-127页

作者： Thomas Scholten Philipp Goebes Peter Kühn Steffen Seitz Thorsten Assmann Jürgen Bauhus Helge Bruelheide Francois Buscot Alexandra Erfmeier Markus Fischer werner Härdtle Jin-Sheng He Keping Ma Pascal A.Niklaus Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Xuezheng Shi Zhengshan Song Goddert von Oheimb Christian Wirth Tesfaye Wubet Karsten schmidt Department of Geosciences Soil Science and GeomorphologyUniversity of TübingenRümelinstraße 19-2372070 TübingenGermany Institute of Ecology Leuphana University LüneburgScharnhorststr.121335 LüneburgGermany Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences SilvicultureUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstraße 479085 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106108 HalleGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Theodor-Lieser-Straße 406120 HalleGermany Department of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland Peking University No.5 Yiheyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100871China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZürichSwitzerland Faculty of Biology Department of GeobotanyUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 179104 FreiburgGermany Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.71 East Beijing RoadNanjingChina TU Dresden Biodiversity and Nature ConservationPienner Straße 701737 TharandtGermany Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity University of LeipzigJohannisallee 2104103 LeipzigGermany

Aims The aim of our research was to understand small-scale effects of topography and soil fertility on tree growth in a forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)experiment in subtropical SE *** Geomorphometric terrain analyses were carried out at a spatial resolution of 5×5 *** samples of different depth increments and data on tree height were collected from a total of 566 plots(667 m2 each).The soils were analyzed for carbon(soil organic carbon[SOC]),nitrogen,acidity,cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable cations and base saturation as soil fertility *** plots were classified into geomorphological *** of variance and linear regressions were applied to all terrain,soil fertility and tree growth *** Findings In general,young and shallow soils and relatively small differences in stable soil properties suggest that soil erosion has truncated the soils to a large extent over the whole area of the *** explains the concurrently increasing CEC and SOC stocks downslope,in hollows and in ***,colluvial,carbon-rich sediments are missing widely due to the convexity of the footslopes caused by uplift and removal of eroded sediments by adjacent *** results showed that soil fertility is mainly influenced by ***-Carlo flow accumulation(MCCA),curvature,slope and aspect significantly affected soil ***,soil fertility was affected by the different geomorphological positions on the experimental sites with ridge and spur positions showing lower exchangeable base cation contents,especially potassium(K),due to *** geomorphological effect of soil fertility is most pronounced in the topsoil and decreases when considering the subsoil down to 50 cm *** soil fertility attributes affect tree height after 1-2 years of growth,among which C stocks proved to be most important while pH_(KCl)and CEC only played minor ***,soil acidity and a hig

关键词： soil fertility topography soil erosion matter transport biodiversity DSM carbon stocks tree forest BEF-China China