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Constructing quasi-2D perovskite to collect hot carriers to reduce open-circuit voltage loss for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Lei Gu Xing Li chao Wu Yang Feng Chunming Yang Lin Song Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Institute of Flexible Electronics Northwestern Polytechnical University Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

Inverted perovskite solar cells （PSCs） have received great attention owing to the high certificated power conversion efficiency（PCE） reaching 26.7%. However, interfacial charge recombination is far superior to perovskite bulk charge recombination due to the use of fullerenes and their derivatives in inverted perovskite solar cells, which induces devastating open circuit voltage（VOC） losses. For this reason the present work attempts to use 4-chloropiperidine hydrochloride for the upper surface modification of perovskite to construct a quasi-two-dimensional （2D） structure with suitable 2D layer widths （n=2, 3 dominant）,which has a smaller electron carrier transport barrier without sacrificing short-circuit current （JSC） in the device. This strategy effectively passivates the interfacial defect states while promoting energy level alignment to achieve carrier dissociation and equilibrium transport at the interface, which in turn resulted in improved fill factor （FF）. In addition, additional energy levels are provided by 2D perovskites to collect hot carriers, resulting in improved device open circuit voltage （VOC）. As a result, the device PCE increases from 22.37%to 24.11%after the 4CPD treatment. In addition, the 4CPD-treated PSCs maintain 90%of the initial PCE after storage in an N2atmosphere at 50°C for 1,080 h, whereas the control devices show a 15%PCE loss under the same aging conditions. This work provides new opportunities to suppress interfacial charge recombination in inverted devices.

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Unveiling an ancient whole-genome duplication event in Stentor,the model unicellular eukaryotes

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Weibo Zheng chao Li Zhaorui Zhou Xiao Chen Michael Lynch Ying Yan School of Life Sciences Ludong University Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution Arizona State University Marine College Shandong University

Whole-genome duplication(WGD) events are widespread across eukaryotes and have played a significant role in moulding the genetic architectures of diverse organisms. In the present study, the newly sequenced genome of a giant ciliated protist, Stentor roeselii, provides an opportunity for the analysis of the collinearity and retention of reciprocal best-hit genes between two Stentor species. As a main result, we have unveiled a previously undetected ancient WGD event shaping the genome of its congener, Stentor coeruleus, a model protist used in cytological and evolutionary studies. Genomes of two congeners, S. coeruleus and S. roeselii, are compared and analyzed, revealing that:(i)the former exhibits a much higher retention rate of colinear-gene pairs(28%) than does S. roeselii, and in S. coeruleus, 75% of genes that have a RBH hit in S. roeselii, have paralogs with high amino-acid identity, consistent with a WGD event in the lineage leading to S. coeruleus;(ii) the S. roeselii genome possesses extremely short intergenic regions, implying that the lengths of intergenic regions are under strong selection;(iii) the unique characteristics of introns may have been shaped in the common ancestor of heterotrichs;(iv) gene families that play a role in activities of multiple protein kinases and voltage-gated ion channels expanded rapidly in the ancestor of both taxa, possibly relating to the remarkable regenerative ability in Stentor. This study offers new insights into the evolutionary dynamics of ciliate genomes,with implications for understanding of the processes underlying the evolution of genomic complexity.

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Characteristic changes in astrocyte properties during astrocyte-to-neuron conversion induced by NeuroD1/Ascl1/Dlx2

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1801-1815页

作者： Qing he Zhen Wang Yuchen Wang Mengjie Zhu Zhile Liang Kanghong Zhang Yuge Xu Gong Chen GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Direct in vivo conversion of astrocytes into functional new neurons induced by neural transcription factors has been recognized as a potential new therapeutic intervention for neural injury and degenerative disorders. However, a few recent studies have claimed that neural transcription factors cannot convert astrocytes into neurons, attributing the converted neurons to pre-existing neurons mis-expressing transgenes. In this study, we overexpressed three distinct neural transcription factors––NeuroD1, Ascl1, and Dlx2––in reactive astrocytes in mouse cortices subjected to stab injury, resulting in a series of significant changes in astrocyte properties. Initially, the three neural transcription factors were exclusively expressed in the nuclei of astrocytes. Over time, however, these astrocytes gradually adopted neuronal morphology, and the neural transcription factors was gradually observed in the nuclei of neuron-like cells instead of astrocytes. Furthermore,we noted that transcription factor-infected astrocytes showed a progressive decrease in the expression of astrocytic markers AQP4(astrocyte endfeet signal), CX43(gap junction signal), and S100β. Importantly, none of these changes could be attributed to transgene leakage into preexisting neurons. Therefore, our findings suggest that neural transcription factors such as NeuroD1, Ascl1, and Dlx2 can effectively convert reactive astrocytes into neurons in the adult mammalian brain.

关键词： aquaporin-4 Ascl1 astrocyte cortex Dlx2 gap junction glia-to-neuron conversion neural regeneration NeuroD1 reprogramming

Enhanced autophagic clearance of amyloid-βvia histone deacetylase 6-mediated V-ATPase assembly and lysosomal acidification protects against Alzheimer's disease in vitro and in vivo

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2633-2644页

作者： Zhimin Long Chuanhua Ge Yueyang Zhao Yuanjie Liu Qinghua Zeng Qing Tang Zhifang Dong Guiqiong he Institute of Neuroscience School of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Department of Anatomy Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Department of Physiology Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Pediatric Research Institute Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina National Clinical Research Center for Child health and Disorders Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina

Recent studies have suggested that abnormal acidification of lysosomes induces autophagic accumulation of amyloid-βin neurons,which is a key step in senile plaque ***,resto ring normal lysosomal function and rebalancing lysosomal acidification in neurons in the brain may be a new treatment strategy for Alzheimer's *** acetylation/deacetylation plays a central role in lysosomal ***,we show that inhibiting the classic microtubule deacetylase histone deacetylase 6 with an histone deacetylase 6 shRNA or thehistone deacetylase 6 inhibitor valproic acid promoted lysosomal reacidification by modulating V-ATPase assembly in Alzheimer's *** rthermore,we found that treatment with valproic acid markedly enhanced *** clearance of amyloid-βaggregates,and ameliorated cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's *** findings demonstrate a previously unknown neuroprotective mechanism in Alzheimer's disease,in which histone deacetylase 6 inhibition by valproic acid increases V-ATPase assembly and lysosomal acidification.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β APP/PS1 mice autophagy cognitive impairment histone deacetylase 6 lysosomal acidification microtubule acetylation valproic acid V-ATPase

Mechanism of inflammatory response and therapeutic effects of stem cells in ischemic stroke:current evidence and future perspectives

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 67-81页

作者： Yubo Wang Tingli Yuan Tianjie Lyu Ling Zhang Meng Wang Zhiying he Yongjun Wang Zixiao Li Vascular Neurology Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine ShanghaiChina National Center for healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Chinese Institute for Brain Research BeijingChina Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Engineering Research Center of Digital healthcare for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,with an increasing trend and tendency for onset at a younger ***,in particular,bears a high burden of stroke *** recent years,the inflammatory response after stroke has become a research hotspot:understanding the role of inflammatory response in tissue damage and repair following ischemic stroke is an important direction for its *** review summarizes several major cells involved in the inflammatory response following ischemic stroke,including microglia,neutrophils,monocytes,lymphocytes,and ***,we have also highlighted the recent progress in various treatments for ischemic stroke,particularly in the field of stem cell ***,understanding the complex interactions between inflammation and ischemic stroke can provide valuable insights for developing treatment strategies and improving patient *** cell therapy may potentially become an important component of ischemic stroke treatment.

关键词： cell therapy immune cell inflammatory ischemic stroke stem cell

Silencing the Guns Internal and external challenges to Africa’s security persist,but long-term outlook remains positive

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ChinAfrica 2025年第1期17卷 30-32页

作者： he wenPING Zhejiang Yuexiu University China-Africa Institute

The world in 2024 was far from *** conflict between Russia and Ukraine has persisted for over 1,000 ***,a new wave of violence in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict,ongoing for more than a year,spilled over into Lebanon,Iran,and even *** also faced new challenges to peace and security over the past *** conflicts continued in various regions,particularly in the Horn of Africa,while terrorism and external interference exacerbated regional *** challenges made peace and security a crucial focus for African nations and an increasingly important aspect of China-Africa cooperation.

关键词： peace Africa continued

An autonomous dynamic recovery technology for autonomous underwater vehicles based on unmanned surface vehicles

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年

作者： Yueying WANG Yiqi SHI Guanghui wen Huaicheng YAN School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai University Department of Systems Science School of Mathematics Southeast University School of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have attracted considerable attention due to their vast potential applications, such as offshore oil exploration, underwater rescue, military reconnaissance, and marine scientific...

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Stability and Stabilization of Sampled-Data Based LFC for Power Systems:A Data-Driven Method

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期 291-293页

作者： Yu-Long Fan Chuan-Ke Zhang Yong he the School of Automation China University of Geosciences the Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems the Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration Ministry of Education IEEE

Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with stability analysis and stabilization design for sampled-data based load frequency control(LFC) systems via a data-driven method. By describing the dynamic behavior of LFC systems based on a data-based representation, a stability criterion is derived to obtain the admissible maximum sampling interval(MSI) for a given controller and a design condition of the PI-type controller is further developed to meet the required MSI. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified by a case study.

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鱼类褪黑素合成酶系编码基因的系统进化与生理功能

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中山大学学报（自然科学版）（中英文） 2025年第1期64卷 158-171页

作者：卞超张新辉张凯魏汉银何哲文正勇黄玉石琼深圳大学生命与海洋科学学院水产基因组学实验室广东深圳518057 深圳市华大海洋研究院广东深圳518081 内江师范学院生命科学学院/长江上游鱼类资源保护与利用四川省重点实验室四川内江641100 中国科学院水生生物研究所湖北武汉430072

褪黑素是一种小分子神经递质,主要在脊椎动物的松果腺中合成与分泌,到达机体各部位来参与调控生物节律、生殖、生长与发育等生理过程。在鱼类中,松果腺是一个复合体,主要由类光感细胞构成,具有感光与内分泌双重功能。褪黑素的生物合成... 详细信息

褪黑素是一种小分子神经递质,主要在脊椎动物的松果腺中合成与分泌,到达机体各部位来参与调控生物节律、生殖、生长与发育等生理过程。在鱼类中,松果腺是一个复合体,主要由类光感细胞构成,具有感光与内分泌双重功能。褪黑素的生物合成从色氨酸开始,涉及色氨酸羟化酶(TPH)、芳香族L-氨基酸脱羧酶(AAAD)、芳香烷胺-N-乙酰转移酶(AANAT)和乙酰色胺甲基转移酶(ASMT)。前期,我们通过对众多脊椎动物开展比较基因组学研究,发现这4个褪黑素合成酶系编码基因的系统进化与脊椎动物的物种进化基本一致,表明这些基因(同褪黑素一样)都很保守。有意思的是,在鱼类中各催化酶基因拷贝数出现显著增加,但四倍体与二倍体鱼中的拷贝数并不一定是2∶1,这是因为鱼类基因组复制后存在部分基因丢失的现象。此外,在大多数鱼类基因组中还鉴定到一些新基因,譬如aaad-like和asmt-like,可能拥有新的功能;有的催化酶基因缺失、出现移码突变或假基因化,可提升物种对特殊生境(诸如洞穴或深海)的生存适应性。本综述主要以我们团队近十年来的相关工作为主线,综合简介鱼类褪黑素合成酶系编码基因的系统进化与生理功能,以期深入理解褪黑素对鱼类生殖内分泌活动的影响,为进一步促进鱼类性腺发育、人工繁殖和分子育种等提供指导和支撑。

关键词：褪黑素褪黑素合成酶系统进化生理功能适应机制