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Advances in Micr.biology 2019年第4期9卷 359-371页

作者： Jacob J. Lamb Dag r. Hjelme Kr.stian M. Lien Depar.ment of Electr.nic Systems & Ener.ense NTNU Trondheim Norway Depar.ment of Ener.y and Pr.cess Engineer.ng & Ener.ense NTNU Trondheim Norway

The demand for.fuel for.utilisation of machiner. and tr.nspor. has culminated in lar.e amounts of fossil fuel usage in the last centur.. The envir.nmental danger. attached with the usage of fossil fuels have cr.ated a lar.e demand for.alter.ative sour.es of fuels. Ther. is an ar.ay of polysacchar.des contained within macr.algae, such as mannitol, cellulose and laminar.n. These polysacchar.des have potential for.pr.duction of alter.ative biofuels;however. they ar. not easily accessible for.biological digestion. By pr.tr.atment of macr.algae with enzymes, these polysacchar.des may be easier.to access by micr.bes, allowing effective utilization in anaer.bic digestion. Sacchar.na latissima, available in abundance on the Nor.egian coast line, is a br.wn macr.algae with a high level of car.ohydr.tes. This study assesses the ability for.utilisation of enzymatically pr.-tr.ated Sacchar.na latissima for.pr.duction of biogas thr.ugh anaer.bic digestion. The har.ested Sacchar.na latissima was analysed to contain 30.11 ± 2.30 g of r.ducing sugar. per.100 g of dr. sample upon enzymatic hydr.lysis. This was able to yield 459 ± 30 mL per.gVS of biogas thr.ugh anaer.bic digestion, with a methane content of 56%. This suggests a biomethane potential of 1760 m3 per.ha of pr.ductive sea floor.gr.wing Sacchar.na latissima. An evaluation of this pr.cess has been per.or.ed to demonstr.te the industr.al potential of Sacchar.na latissima in biogas pr.duction.

关键词： Macr.algae Hydr.lysis Biogas Biomethane Enzymatic Hydr.lysis

Cr.stallogr.phy in Spaces E2, E3, E4, E5...N0I Isomor.hism Classes: Pr.per.ies and Applications to the Study of Incommensur.te Phase Str.ctur.s, Molecular.Symmetr. Gr.ups and Cr.stal Families of Space E5</sup

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Advances in Pur. Mathematics 2015年第4期5卷 137-149页

作者： r. Veysseyr. D. Weigel T. Phan H. Veysseyr. Labor.toir. Mathématiques appliquées aux Systèmes Ecole Centrale Paris Paris France Institut Supér.eur.de Mécanique de Par.s Paris France

This paper.mainly consists of the classification of all cr.stallogr.phic point gr.ups of n-dimensional space with n ≤ 6 into differ.nt isomor.hism classes. An isomor.hism class is defined by a type of finite mathematic gr.up;for.instance, the differ.nt types of mathematic gr.ups have been well defined and studied by Coxeter. This classification may be used in the investigation of sever.l domains of cr.stallogr.phy such as the study of the incommensur.te phases, the quasi cr.stals … Indeed, each mathematic substitution gr.up char.cter.zes an isomor.hism class of cr.stallogr.phic point gr.ups (spaces E2 or.E3), of point gr.ups of super.cr.stals (spaces E4 or.E5), and of molecular.symmetr. gr.ups (spaces E2 or.E3). This mathematic gr.up gives inter.sting infor.ation about: 1) the incommensur.te phase str.ctur.s and their.phase tr.nsitions accor.ing to the Landau’s theor. in their.super.spaces E4, E5, E6, ···;2) the molecular.symmetr. gr.up of chemisor.ed molecules in space E2 (par.gr.ph 2) or.of the molecular.cr.stal or.solution in view of studying the molecule str.ctur. or.its r.tations or.vibr.tionsin space E3;3) the geometr.c polyhedr.n symmetr. gr.ups as the r.gular.r.ombohedr.n in space E3, the r.ombotope in space E4 or.the r.ombotope in space E5. Then, thanks to the isomor.hism classes, we shall give pr.per.ies of some cr.stal families that we have not published up to now. This for.alism may be used to study cr.stal families in n-dimensional space with n > 6.

关键词： Cr.stallogr.phic Point Gr.ups Isomor.hism Classes Incommensur.te Phase Str.ctur.s WPV (Weigel Phan Veysseyr.) Symbols of Point Gr.ups

Effectiveness of Str.ctur.l and Nonstr.ctur.l Measur.s on the Magnitude and Uncer.ainty of Futur. Flood r.sks

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Jour.al of Water.r.sour.e and Pr.tection 2020年第5期12卷 401-415页

作者： N. Fajar.Janur.yadi So Kazama Idham r. Moe Shuichi Kur. Depar.ment of Civil Engineer.ng Pertamina University Jakarta Indonesia Depar.ment of Civil Engineer.ng Tohoku University Sendai Japan Ministr. of Public Wor.s and Housing Jakarta Indonesia Depar.ment of Envir.nment and Civil Engineer.ng Toyama Prefectural University Imizu Japan

The pur.ose of this r.sear.h is to assess the effectiveness of var.ous adaptation measur.s in r.ducing the magnitude and uncer.ainty of futur. flood r.sks in Jakar.a, a megacity in Indonesia. A flood inundation model and a flood damage costs model wer. developed to evaluate their.effectiveness. Land use changes, land subsidence, and climate change wer. used to descr.be the futur. scenar.os. The adaptation measur.s include both str.ctur.l and nonstr.ctur.l measur.s. The r.sults show that r.char.e and r.tention ponds have the potential to r.duce the magnitude and uncer.ainty of flood r.sks by 33.2% and 36.4%, r.spectively, which ar. higher.than the potentials of the other.str.ctur.l adaptation measur.s. Among the nonstr.ctur.l adaptation measur.s, managing land use zones could alleviate the magnitude of flood r.sks by 29.0%, with an uncer.ainty r.duction of 19.9%. These findings will assist decision maker. in selecting flood adaptation measur.s to addr.ss futur. envir.nmental changes.

关键词： Jakar.a Adaption Measur.s Uncer.ainty Land Use Change Land Subsidence Climate Change

Some Thoughts on the Establishment of For.str. Science and Technology Evaluation System in China

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Chinese For.str. Science and Technology 2009年第4期8卷 12-18页

作者： MEI Xiuying Chinese Academy of For.str., Beijing 100091, P. r. China

The establishment of China’s for.str. science and technology evaluation system is an impor.ant guar.ntee measur. to impr.ve the level of for.str. science and technology management and pr.mote for.str. science and technology advancement. Based on the analysis of the cur.ent condition of for.str. science and technology evaluation in China, the paper.pr.sents the suggestions to establish and impr.ve for.str. science and technology system, including the change in evaluation subject, the standar.ization of evaluation appr.aches and the implementation of classified evaluation, to solve the pr.blems existing in the cur.ent for.str. science and technology evaluation like non-standar.ization of evaluation methods, incomplete evaluation system and unsound evaluation indicator.system.

关键词： for.str. science and technology evaluation system

Homology Modelling and Str.ctur.l Compar.sons of Capsid-Associated Pr.teins fr.m Cir.ovir.ses r.veal Impor.ant Vir.s-Specific Sur.ace Antigens

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Cr.stal Str.ctur. Theor. and Applications 2012年第2期1卷 9-16页

作者： Edwar. I. Patter.on Jade K. For.ood Shane r. r.idal School of Animal and Veter.nar. Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia

Cir.ovir.dae r.pr.sent a gr.wing family of small animal vir.ses. Some of these vir.ses have veter.nar. and medical impor.ance, although, a vast amount of these newly discover.d vir.ses have unknown effects on their.hosts. The capsid-associated pr.tein (Cap) of cir.ovir.ses is of inter.st because of its r.le in vir.l str.ctur., immune evasion, host cell entr., and nuclear.shuttling of vir.l components. The str.ctur. of the por.ine cir.ovir.s 2 (PCV2) Cap has been solved and offer.d insight to these functions. Based on the cr.stallogr.phic PCV2 Cap str.ctur., models fr.m cir.ovir.ses isolated fr.m avian, fish, and mammalian hosts have been constr.cted and analyzed to better.under.tand the r.les of these pr.teins in the vir.s family. A high degr.e of conser.ation is obser.ed in the models, however. the sur.ace antigens differ.among vir.ses. This is likely a r.flection of the small genome har.or.d by cir.ovir.ses, and ther.for. the r.quir.ment of their.few pr.teins to car.y out specific vital functions, while maintaining enough var.ation to successfully infect their.hosts. Her. we descr.be the putative str.ctur.s of a r.nge of Cap pr.teins fr.m cir.ovir.ses based on the cr.stallogr.phic deter.ination of por.ine Cap, identifying key r.gions for.function and inhibition of cr.stal for.ation.

关键词： Cir.ovir.s Capsid-Associated Pr.tein Str.ctur. Homology Cap Modelling

The Influence of Avian Biodiver.ity and a Weedy Under.tor.y on Canopy Ar.hr.pod Assembly

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Open Jour.al of Ecology 2014年第16期4卷 1003-1013页

作者： Kathr.n Tear. Ada Lamber. Nigel r. Andr.w Paul G. McDonald Centr. for.Behaviour.l and Physiological Ecology Zoology University of New England Armidale Australia

Identifying the factor.causing species decline fr.m a multitude of potential distur.ances is essential for.successful management. Invasive species ar. often dr.ver. of decline, either.thr.ugh dir.ct effects such as r.cr.itment limitation, or.thr.ugh indir.ct effects such as habitat modification that facilitate biota changes in other.taxa. In this study, we tested the impor.ance of bir. pr.dation on ar.hr.pods in eucalypt canopies in wet scler.phyll for.st that had been invaded by the under.tor.y weed Lantana camar.. A str.ng top-down effect is in agr.ement with studies that show elevated number. of insectivor.us bir.s, such as the despotic bell miner. Manor.na melanophr.s, r.duce damaging her.ivor.us insect number. and their.effect on tr.e health. Abundance, or.er.and family composition wer. compar.d among sites, feeding guilds, among the pr.sence and absence of a despotic bir., and among pr.sence and absence within sites, using a thr.e-way nested Multivar.ate Analysis of Var.ance (MANOVA), and tested our.r.pr.sentation of insect feeding guilds with r.r.faction cur.es. In total, we found ar.hr.pods fr.m 20 families on eucalypt tr.es, 16 wher. bell miner. wer. pr.sent and 18 wher. they wer. absent (a sampling efficiency of 78% and 92% of families based on the Chao-I index). Over.ll, ther. was a differ.nce in the abundance of insects in ar.as wher. bell miner. wer. pr.sent (n = 181), and wher. they wer. absent (n = 67). Ther. was also a differ.nce in the families pr.sent in ar.as with bell miner. and without them. Under.some conditions, despotic bir.s may not change the insect canopy community. Fur.her.studies should examine the effects of a despotic bir. on the insect canopy community in a var.ety of conditions and thr.ughout their.r.nge.

关键词： Despotic Bir.s Distur.ance Insects Canopy Tr.tr.phic r.lationships

CAUSES OF 425 DEATHS DUr.NG THE LAST FIVE YEAr. ON THE SUr.ICAL SEr.ICE OF THE FIr.T HOSPITAL OF THE r.D Cr.SS SOCIETY OF CHINA, SHANGHAI

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1935年第7期49卷 652-657页

作者： K. C. WEN J. r. B. Br.NCH M.D. Fir.t Hospital of the r.d Cr.ss Society of China Shanghai

Of the 5,628 patients admitted to the sur.ical ser.ice between 1929-1933 inclusive, 425 died. Of these, 2042 wer. oper.ted upon. One hundr.d and sixty-four.died within 24 hour. after.admission. One hundr.d and five deaths wer. due to the Sino-Japanese war.in *** ar. given showing age, incidence, most fr.quent causes of death, complications, etc. Cr.tical study is made of the possible cases of avoidable death with suggestions as to a r.duction of mor.ahty. The gr.ss mor.ality aver.ges about 7 per.cent which is also the oper.tive mor.ality r.te.

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Plant Secondar. Metabolites： Biosynthesis, Classification, Function and Phar.acological Pr.per.ies

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Jour.al of Phar.acy and Phar.acology 2014年第7期2卷 377-392页

作者： Justin N. Kaber. Edmond Semana Ally r. Mussa Xin He Depar.ment of Phar.acology School of Chinese Materia Medica Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300193 China Tianjin State Key Labor.tor. of Moder. Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300193 China

Secondar. metabolites, also known as phytochemicals, natur.l pr.ducts or.plant constituents ar. r.sponsible for.medicinal pr.per.ies of plants to which they belong. The r.le they play in the plant is not, to date, well known or.under.tood, but it may be beyond the pr.tection. Their.classification is based on chemical str.ctur., composition, their.solubility in var.ous solvents, or.the pathway by which they ar. synthesized. The main classification system includes thr.e major.gr.ups： ter.enoids, alkaloids and phenolics. For.each one, we find subclasses with complexity in str.ctur.. In this r.view, we deal with the descr.ption of second metabolites, their.biosynthesis, function, and the cur.ent phar.acological findings. Natur.l pr.ducts ar. an impor.ant sour.e of dr.g candidates in phar.aceutical industr., mor. deeply we under.tand them, the easier.it is for.scientists to inter.ene in alleviating differ.nt kind of diseases. The r.cent r.fer.nces have been consulted for.pr.senting updated infor.ation, but also showing the new potentialities of plant second metabolites in dr.g r.sear.h and development.

关键词： Secondar. metabolites biosynthesis ter.enoids alkaloids phenolics phar.acological activities.

Assessment of Heavy Metals Immobilization in Ar.ificially Contaminated Soils Using Some Local Amendments

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Open Jour.al of Metal 2013年第2期3卷 68-76页

作者： Noha H. Abdel-Kader.r.da r. Shahin Hasan A. Khater Soils Depar.ment Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University Giza Egypt

Thr.e alluvial soil samples with differ.nt textur.s wer. ar.ificially polluted with chlor.de solutions of Cd, Pb, Co and chr.mate solution for.Cr. The aqua-r.gia extr.cted concentr.tion r.nges in the ar.ificially polluted soils wer. 1134 - 1489 mg·kg-1 for.Pb, 854 - 938 mg·kg-1 for.Cr. 166 - 346 mg·kg-1 for.Co and 44 - 54 mg·kg-1 for.Cd. The aqua-r.gia extr.cted metals wer. the highest in the spiked clay soil due to its high adsor.tion capacity. r.ck phosphate (Pr., lime-stone (LS) and Por.land-cement (Cem) wer. mixed with the spiked soils at 1% and 2% r.tes (w/w) and incubated at 30 C for.2, 7, 14, 30, 60, 150 and 360 days. The extr.cted DTPA metals significantly decr.ased with differ.nt magnitudes with incr.asing the incubation per.od accompanied by incr.ases in both pH and EC. The data showed that cement (Cem) tr.atment dr.pped the DTPA-Pb fr.m @ 1000 to @ 400 mg·kg-1 in all the studied soils (60% decr.ase) in the fir.t 2 months while it gr.dually decr.ased fr.m 400 to 200 mg·kg-1 (20% decr.ase) in the next 10 months. Limestone (LS) and r.ck phosphate (Pr. mater.als wer. r.latively less effective in lower.ng DTPA-Pb after.12 months of incubation. The data showed also that cement (Cem) tr.atment was the most effective one in lower.ng DTPA-Cd by @ 60% as compar.d to the un-amended soils after.12 months of soil incubation. Extr.ctable DTPA-Co and Cr.showed consistent decr.ases with time down to near.y 50% of un-amended soils due to the effect of the added amendments after.12 months of incubation with super.or.r.ductions for.the cement tr.atment in all the investigated soils. The statistical analysis confir.ed that in all the studied metals and tr.atment, cement tr.atment (Cem) was significantly the most effective in lower.ng the DTPA extr.cted metals as indicated fr.m LSD test. It was found that up to 73% and 57% of the applied Pb and Cd, r.spectively, wer. fixed by only 1% cement. However. the pr.sent study showed that fr.m the pr.ctical and economic points of view

关键词： Heavy Metals Immobilization Efficiency r.ck Phosphate Por.land Cement Lime-Stone

Effect of induced magnetic field on natur.l convection in ver.ical concentr.c annuli

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2012年第2期28卷 315-323页

作者： r.K.Singh A.K.Singh Depar.ment of Mathematics Central University of BiharPatnaIndia Depar.ment of Mathematics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia

In the pr.sent paper. we have consider.d the steady fully developed laminar.natur.l convective flow in open ended ver.ical concentr.c annuli in the pr.sence of a r.- dial magnetic field. The induced magnetic field pr.duced by the motion of an electr.cally conducting fluid is taken into account. The tr.nspor. equations concer.ed with the con- sider.d model ar. fir.t r.cast in the non-dimensional for. and then unified analytical solutions for.the velocity, induced magnetic field and temper.tur. field ar. obtained for.the cases of isother.al and constant heat flux on the inner.cylin- der.of concentr.c annuli. The effects of the var.ous phys- ical par.meter. appear.ng into the model ar. demonstr.ted thr.ugh gr.phs and tables. It is found that the magnitude of maximum value of the fluid velocity as well as induced magnetic field is gr.ater.in the case of isother.al condition compar.d with the constant heat flux case when the gap be- tween the cylinder. is less or.equal to 1.70 times the r.dius of inner.cylinder. while r.ver.e tr.nd occur. when the gap between the cylinder. is gr.ater.than 1.71 times the r.dius of inner.cylinder. These fields ar. almost the same when the gap between the cylinder. is equal to 1.71 times the r.dius of inner.cylinder.for.both the cases. It is also found that as the Har.mann number.incr.ases, ther. is a flattening ten- dency for.both the velocity and the induced magnetic field. The influence of the induced magnetic field is to incr.ase the velocity pr.files.

关键词： Natur.l convection Isother.al Heat flux Skin-fr.ction Induced magnetic field Magnetohydr.dy- namics