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Global patterns of soil phosphatase responses to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization

Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 200-210页

作者： Xiaomei GOU Yongqing REN Xin QIN xiaorong wei Jingjing WANG State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau the Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China River and Lake Management Office Shaanxi Provincial Department of Water ResourcesXi'an 710004China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi'an 710061China

Hydrolysis of organic phosphorus(P) by soil phosphatases is an important process of P cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, significantly affected by nitrogen(N) and/or P fertilization. However, how soil acid phosphatase(ACP) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities respond to N and/or P fertilization and how these responses vary with climatic regions, ecosystem types, and fertilization management remain unclear. This knowledge gap hinders our ability to assess P cycling and availability from a global perspective. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the global patterns of soil ACP and ALP activities in response to N and/or P addition. We also examined how climatic regions(arctic to tropical), ecosystem types(cropland, grassland, and forest), and fertilization management(experiment duration and fertilizer type and application rate) affected changes in soil phosphatases after fertilization. It was shown that N fertilizer resulted in 10.1% ± 2.9% increase in soil ACP activity but a minimal effect on soil ALP activity. In contrast, P fertilizer resulted in 7.7% ± 2.6% decrease in soil ACP activity but a small increase in soil ALP activity. The responses of soil ACP and ALP activities to N and/or P fertilization were largely consistent across climatic regions but varied with ecosystem types and fertilization management, and the effects of ecosystem types and fertilization management were enzyme-dependent. Random forest analysis identified climate(mean annual precipitation and temperature) and change in soil pH as the key factors explaining variations in soil ACP and ALP activities. Therefore, N input and ecosystem types should be explicitly disentangled when assessing terrestrial P cycling.

关键词： acid phosphatase alkaline phosphatase ecosystem type fertilization management meta-analysis phosphorus cycling phosphorus limitation

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Zokor activity promotes soil water infiltration in the Mu Us sandy land of northern Shaanxi,China

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 136-145页

作者： Miao GAN Xuchao ZHU Xueqin YANG xiaorong wei Qingyin ZHANG Tongchuan LI Ming'an SHAO Meixia MI Xi YANG Mingyu CHEN State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang 453003China College of Urban and Rural Construction Shanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhong 030801China

Zokors are common subterranean rodents that inhabit agricultural fields, shrublands, and grasslands in the arid and semi-arid regions of China. Zokor burrowing activities can alter soil structure and affect soil hydrological processes;however, there are few studies regarding their effects on soil preferential flow in the Mu Us sandy land. An evaluation of the effects of zokor disturbance on their habitat and soil water is important for understanding the ecological role of zokors in the soil ecosystem of the Mu Us sandy land. A field dye-tracing experiment was conducted in the Gechougou watershed on the southeastern edge of the Mu Us sandy land to investigate the effect of zokor burrowing activity on soil preferential flow characteristics. Our results showed that the density of zokor tunnels was the highest(0.40–0.46 m m^(-2)) under 30%–50% vegetation coverage and that the tunnels were approximately 3 cm from the surface.Both stained area ratio and stained path number were higher at sites with zokors than without zokors. Stained path widths were 10–80 and > 80 mm at zokor-harboring sites exhibiting homogeneous flow and heterogeneous finger flow, respectively. In the absence of zokors, homogeneous flow and highly interacted macropore flow were predominant. Soil water content below the zokor tunnels was higher than that above the tunnels. Moderate disturbance of soil structure by zokor activity facilitated soil water infiltration. These results enabled a better understanding of the effect of soil fauna on soil structure and hydrological processes and provided recommendations for ecological construction and renovation in arid and semi-arid regions.

关键词： eld dye-tracing experiment preferential flow soil fauna stained area ratio stained path number stained path width subterranean rodent surface tortoise crack

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Dynamics and Availability of Different Pools of Manganese in Semiarid Soils as Affected by Cropping System and Fertilization

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Pedosphere 2016年第3期26卷 351-361页

作者： WANG Shuzhuan wei xiaorong HAO Mingde Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Yangling 712100 (China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China)

Manganese(Mn) deficiencies are common in soils on the Loess Plateau of China. This research provided essential information on improving Mn availability in semiarid soils through agricultural practices. Twelve cropping system and fertilization treatments were designed in a 28-year experiment. The cropping systems included long-term fallow, continuous winter wheat cropping, pea(1 year)-winter wheat(2 years)-millet(1 year) rotation(crop-legume rotation) cropping, and continuous alfalfa cropping. The fertilizer treatments under the cropping systems included no-fertilizer control(CK), application of P fertilizer(P), application of N and P fertilizers(NP), and application of N and P fertilizers and manure(NPM), but the NP treatment was excluded in the continuous alfalfa cropping system. Available Mn and Mn fractions of soil samples(0–20 and 20–40 cm depths) were measured and further analyzed quantitatively using path analyses. Results showed that the crop-legume rotation and continuous alfalfa cropping systems significantly increased available Mn compared with the fallow soil. Compared with the no-fertilizer control, manure application increased available Mn in soil of the continuous wheat cropping system. Across all treatments, the averaged content of mineral-, oxide-, carbonateand organic matter-bound and exchangeable Mn accounted for 42.08%, 38.59%, 10.05%, 4.59%, and 0.09% of the total Mn in soil,respectively. Cropping significantly increased exchangeable Mn in soil and the highest increase was 185.7% in the continuous wheat cropping system at 0–20 cm depth, compared with the fallow soil. Fertilization generally increased exchangeable and carbonate-bound Mn in soil. Carbonate-bound Mn was the main and direct source of available Mn in soil, followed by exchangeable and organic matterbound Mn. These results indicated that crop-legume rotation cropping, continuous alfalfa cropping and application of manure, have the potential to promote Mn availability in soils of rainfed farmlands.

关键词：土壤样品种植制度施肥处理半干旱高锰碳酸盐结合态作物轮作交换态锰

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Changes in aggregate-associated organic carbon and nitrogen after 27 years of fertilization in a dryland alfalfa grassland on the Loess Plateau of China

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第4期7卷 429-437页

作者： ZHANG Liqiong wei xiaorong HAO Mingde ZHANG Meng College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Ankang University State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming in the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University

Changes in the distribution of soil aggregate sizes and concentrations of aggregate-associated organic carbon （OC） and nitrogen （N） in response to the fertilization of grasslands are not well understood. Understanding these changes is essential to the sustainable development of artificial grasslands. For understanding these changes, we collected soil samples at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths from a semi-arid artificial alfalfa grassland after 27 years of applications of phosphorus （P） and nitrogen＋phosphorus＋manure （NPM） fertilizers on the Loess Pla- teau of China. The distribution of aggregate sizes and the concentrations and stocks of OC and N in total soils were determined. The results showed that NPM treatment significantly increased the proportions of 〉2.0 mm and 2.0-0.25 mm size fractions, the mean geometric diameter （MGD） and the mean weight diameter （MWD） in the 0-20 cm layer. Phosphorous fertilizer significantly increased the proportion of 〉2.0 mm size fractions, the MGD and the MWD in the 0-20 cm layer. Long-term application of fertilization （P and NPM） resulted in the accumulation of OC and N in soil aggregates. The largest changes in aggregate-associated OC and N in the 0-20 cm layer were found at the NPM treatment, whereas the largest changes in the 20-40 cm layer were found at the P treatment. The results suggest that long-term fertilization in the grassland leads to the accumulation of OC and N in the coarse size fractions and the redistribution of OC and N from fine size fractions to coarse size fractions.

关键词： alfalfa grassland long-term fertilization nitrogen organic carbon semi-arid Loess Plateau

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Changes in Soil Iron Fractions and Availability in the Loess Belt of Northern China After 28 Years of Continuous Cultivation and Fertilization

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 123-131页

作者： CHEN Xu wei xiaorong HAO Mingde ZHAO Jing College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources

Iron(Fe) deficiency in calcareous soils of the Loess Plateau of China is a wide spread issue and primarily affects agricultural production due to the relatively higher soil pH and carbonate content. Understanding the relationships between Fe distribution in soil fractions, Fe availability, and their responses to cropping and fertilization could provide essential information for assessing Fe availability in soils and managing soils to improve Fe availability. A long-term field experiment was established in 1984 in a split-plot design using cropping systems as main plots and fertilizer treatments as subplots on a farmland in the Loess Plateau. The cropping systems included fallow, continuous wheat cropping, continuous alfalfa cropping, continuous maize cropping, and a rotation system that included a legume. Various fertilization treatments using chemical and/or manure fertilizers were included in each cropping system. Soil samples were collected from 0–10 and 20–40 cm depths in 2012. Long-term planting of crops significantly increased the concentrations of available Fe in the soils. The largest increase was observed in the continuous alfalfa cropping system. Long-term cropping significantly increased the concentrations of Fe associated with carbonates and organic matter, but decreased the concentration of Fe associated with minerals in the soils. The effect of fertilization on the distribution of Fe in the soil fractions varied with cropping system and soil depth. The fertilization treatment with manure generally increased the concentrations of Fe associated with the soil fractions.Long-term cropping and fertilization in the highland farmland significantly affected the availability of Fe and the distribution of Fe fractions in the soil.

关键词： cropping system Fe availability Fe deficiency long-term experiment manure soil depth

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Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in a Highland Agroecosystem

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Pedosphere 2017年第4期27卷 725-736页

作者： HAO Yajun WANG Yuhong CHANG Qingrui wei xiaorong College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China

The effects of fertilization on the distributions of organic carbon(OC) and nitrogen(N) in soil aggregates and whether these effects vary with cropping system have not been well addressed.Such information is important for understanding the sequestration of OC and N in agricultural soils.In this study,the distributions of OC and N associated with soil aggregates were analyzed in different fertilization treatments in a continuous winter wheat cropping system and a legume-grain rotation system in a 27-year field experiment,to understand the effects of long-term fertilization on the distributions of OC and N in aggregates and to examine the recovery of soil OC and N in a highland agroecosystem.Manure fertilizer significantly decreased soil bulk density but increased the amount of coarse fractions and their associated OC and N stocks in the soils of both systems.Fertilizers N+phosphorus(P) and manure had similar effects on total soil OC and N stocks in both systems,but had larger effects on the OC and N stocks in>2 mm aggregates in the legume-grain rotation system than in the continuous winter wheat system.The application of P increased the OC and N stocks in>2 mm aggregates and decreased the loss of N from chemical fertilizers in the legume-grain rotation system.The results from this study suggested that P fertilizer should be applied for legume-included cropping systems and that manure with or without chemical fertilizers should be applied for semiarid cropping systems in order to enhance OC and N accumulation in soils.

关键词： chemical fertilizer, continuous winter wheat cropping, legume-grain rotation, manure, semiarid cropping system, soilaggregates

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Fractions and Bioavailability of Soil Inorganic Phosphorus in the Loess Plateau of China under Different Vegetations

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第1期85卷 263-270页

作者： wei xiaorong SHAO Mingan SHAO Hongbo GAO Jianlun XU Gang State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau NorthwestA ＆ F University Yangling 712100 China The CAS/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） Yantai 264003 China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources （CAS ＆ MWR） Yangling 712100 China Institute for Life Sciences Qingdao University of Science ＆ Technology Qingdao 266042 China Mizhi Meteorological Office of Shaanxi Province Mizhi 718100 China

Plants play an important role in soil phosphorus nutrition. However, the effect of plants on phosphorus nutrition in soils of the Loess Plateau of China is not well understood. This study was conducted to reveal the relationships between plants and phosphorus＇ fractions and availability in the Loess Plateau of China. Twenty-two plant communities were surveyed and soil samples under different plant canopies were collected for the determination of soil properties and inorganic phosphorus fractionation. The results showed that Leguminosae and Lilaceae reduced pH and increased organic matter, cation exchange capacity, total and Olsen phosphorus in soils under their canopies, while Labiatae and Rosaceae increased pH and decreased organic matter, cation exchange capacity, total and Olsen phosphorus in soils under their canopies. The contents of Ca2P, CasP, AI-P and Fe-P were highly related with soil Oisen phosphorus. They were all higher in soils under Leguminosae and Lilaceae and lower in softs under Labiatae and Rosaceae. The results of this study indicate that Leguminosae and Lilaceae improved phosphorus nutrition in soils, yet Labiatae and Rosaceae impeded the improvement of phosphorus nutrition in soils under their canopies, which will be of more help to instruct vegetation restoration in the region and provide information for soil development.

关键词： bioavailability fraction inorganic phosphorus vegetation soil development Loess Plateau

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乡村振兴视角下农产品产业融合模式研究——以静宁苹果为例

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农业技术与装备 2024年第4期 39-41页

作者：魏晓荣兰州石化职业技术大学机械工程学院甘肃兰州730070

以乡村振兴为视角,甘肃静宁苹果产业为研究对象,通过深入分析评价静宁苹果产业融合发展现状及存在问题,针对性地提出促进静宁苹果产业融合发展的模式及策略,以期为静宁苹果产业发展提供新的视角。

关键词：乡村振兴产业融合苹果产业静宁县

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THE METHOD OF SEPARATING HARMONIC SIGNALS FROM MULTIPLICATIVE AND ADDITIVE NOISES

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Journal of Electronics(China) 2007年第6期24卷 753-759页

作者： Fan Yangyu Zhang Zhengwei wei xiaorong Zeng Li wei wei School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi＇an 710072 China Xi＇an Electric Power College Xi＇an 710032 China

This paper focuses on the extraction of a harmonic signal from multiplicative and additive noises. A method is proposed in two stages: (1) to square the original discrete time series, which in- cludes both signals and noises, and form a new time series. By this means, the multiplicative noise is converted to additive noise; and (2) to filter out the noise by using existing noise removal schemes. With a large amount of simulation, experimental results demonstrated the efficiency and effective- ness of this newly developed method in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and other criteria. From the experiment, it is also found that: the two kinds of noises affect the SNR differently. In gen- eral, the SNR is not influenced by multiplicative Gaussian noise regardless of its variance. However, if both kinds of noise exist, the SNR decreases with the incensement of the Variance of Additive Noise to Multiplicative Noise Ratio (VAMNR). This analysis is also supported by simulation work.

关键词：数字技术信号处理通信理论设计方案

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Soil type-dependent effects of drying-wetting sequences on aggregates and their associated OC and N

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 649-661页

作者： Na Mao xiaorong wei Mingan Shao State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi'an710061China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Evaluating the impacts of drying-wetting(DW)cycles on soil aggregates and their associated organic carbon(OC)and nitrogen(N)is crucial to understand the OC and N cycles.Soils are likely subjected to DW cycles with different sequences depending on seasons or in agroecosystems.However,studies on how DW sequences influence OC and N dynamics within aggregates,and whether this effect is dependent on soil type,are relatively limited.Herein,two DW sequences,i.e.,drying-wetting-dryingwetting(2DW)and wetting-drying-wetting-drying(2WD)treatments were designed,and a consistent wetting(CW)was set as a control to assess the effects of DW sequences.Four soils(Entisol,Ultisol,Anthrosol and Mollisol)varying in texture and OC content were used.The aggregate size distribution,the OC,total N(TN),readily oxidizable OC(ROOC)and mineral N(Min-N)content in aggregates were determined.Results showed that 2DW treatment increased but 2WD treatment decreased the large aggregates of Entisol and Ultisol,while 2DW and 2WD treatments synchronously increased the large aggregates of Anthrosol but decreased them of Mollisol.Two DW treatments increased the OC in each aggregate of Entisol,Anthrosol and Mollisol but decreased them of Ultisol.The 2DW didn't affect but 2WD treatment decreased ROOC in 1e2 mm aggregates of Entisol and<0.25 mm aggregates of Ultisol and Mollisol.The 2DW and 2WD treatments minimally affected TN but potentially influenced Min-N in aggregates.The 2DW and 2WD treatments both decreased the Min-N in each aggregate size class of Entisol and Mollisol,while 2DW increased but 2WD treatment decreased Min-N in each aggregate of Ultisol and Anthrosol.These results indicated that the varied effects of DW sequences and the interactive effects of soil type with DW sequences on aggregate turnover and OC and N cycling should be reconsidered to provide more precisive evidences for global C and N cycles under the scenario of future climate changes.

关键词： Aggregates Carbon Nitrogen Drying-wetting sequences Soil type

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