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A hierarchical path-segmentation movement ecology framework

Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 787-801页

作者： wayne m.getz Department of Environmental Sciences University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94708CAUSA School of mathematical Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa

This paper lays out a hierarchical,appropriate-complexity framework for conceptualizing movement-path segments at different spatiotemporal scales in a way that facilitates comparative analyses and bridges behavior and mathematical *** then outlines a process for generating a multimode,multiscale stochastic simulation model that can be used to test animal movement hypotheses and make predictions of movement responses to management and global *** methods for analyzing movement data begin by generating step-length(SL)and turning-angle(TA)distributions from relocation time-series data,some of which are linked to ecological,landscape,and environmental *** frequency at which these data are collected may vary from sub-seconds to several *** kinds of questions that may be asked of these data,however,are very much scale *** hierarchical path-segmentation(HPS)framework presented here clarifies how the scale at which SL and TA data are collected relates to other sub-and super-diel *** arise because the information contained in SL and TA time series are often not directly relatable to the physiological,ecological,and sociological factors that drive the structure of movement paths at longer *** difficulties are overcome by anchoring the classification of movement types around the concept of fixed-period(24 h)diel activity routines and providing a bridge between behavioral/ecological and stochastic-walk concepts(means,variances,correlations,individual-state and local environmental covariates).This bridge is achieved through the generation of relatively short segments conceived as characteristic sequences of fundamental movement *** short segments are then used to characterize longer canonical-activity-mode segments that emerge through movement at behaviorally relevant sub-diel *** thus provides a novel system for integrating sub-minute movement sequences into canonical activity modes(CAms)that,i

关键词： Hierarchical path segmentation(HPS) Fundamental movement elements(FumEs) Canonical activity modes(CAms) Diel activity routines(DARs) Life-history movement phases(LimPS) multi-CAm metaFumE markov(m-cubed)models Biased correlated random walk models

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遗传亲属辨认:蜜蜂辨别全姊妹和半姊妹

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养蜂科技 2002年第6期 32-32页

作者：颜伟玉饶波 wayne m.getz Katherine B.Smith 江西农业大学动科院 330045

以前没遇到的生物体认识亲属的能力已在猴子、老鼠、青蛙和蜜蜂中得到证明。辨认的环境和遗传组成甚至在控制的环境下也很难分开。这里我们证实了西方蜜蜂能辨别在同一群的同一子脾相邻的巢房中长大的全姊妹和半姊妹，因此证明了认识过... 详细信息

以前没遇到的生物体认识亲属的能力已在猴子、老鼠、青蛙和蜜蜂中得到证明。辨认的环境和遗传组成甚至在控制的环境下也很难分开。这里我们证实了西方蜜蜂能辨别在同一群的同一子脾相邻的巢房中长大的全姊妹和半姊妹，因此证明了认识过程的显著遗传组成。除了其生态学暗示外，这种认识还暗示了膜翅目中不能生育工蜂群体的进化。……

关键词：遗传亲属辨认蜜蜂全姊妹半姊妹辨别技术

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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam m.R.Groh moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.R.wayne moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

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Estate planning principles and problems wayne m. Gazur, Robert m. Phillips. 2nd ed.

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2008年

作者： wayne m. Gazur Robert m. Phillips.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: (纸本)9780735568136

Includes bibliographical references and index.

关键词： Estate planning Tax planning

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Dothiorella vidmadera, a novel species from grapevines in Australia and notes on Spencermartinsia

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第4期61卷 209-219页

作者： wayne m.Pitt Jose RamonÚrbez-Torres Florent P.Trouillas National Wine and Grape Industry Centre School of Agricultural and Wine SciencesCharles Sturt UniversityLocked Bag 588Wagga WaggaNSW 2678Australia Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre 4200 Highway 97Box 5000SummerlandBC V0H1Z0Canada Department of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Strains of a coelomycete isolated from grapevine cankers in southeastern Australia and identified as Dothiorella iberica in previous studies are redescribed in this study as a novel species based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region(ITS1-5.8S-ITS2),and partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-αandβ-tubulin *** vidmadera *** most closely related to ***,*** and ***,but differs in morphological characters and DNA *** four species are known to be associated with Botryosphaeria dieback of ***,an unidentified ascomycete isolated from dead wood of grapevines in Western Australia is ***,strains were most closely related to Spencermartinsia viticola,and bore conidia with morphological characters and dimensions consistent with published ***,ascospores were shorter and narrower than previously reported and lacked the terminal apiculi that typify the genus.

关键词： Botryosphaeriaceae Grapevine trunk diseases Grapevine canker multigene phylogeny Taxonomy

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Stem cell therapy for the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction in primary hypogonadism

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2016年第10期8卷 306-315页

作者： Taylor C Peak Nora m Haney William Wang Kenneth J DeLay wayne J Hellstrom Department of Urology School of MedicineTulane University

The production of testosterone occurs within the Leydig cells of the testes. When production fails at this level from either congenital, acquired, or systemic disorders,the result is primary hypogonadism. While numerous testosterone formulations have been developed, none are yet fully capable of replicating the physiological patterns of testosterone secretion. multiple stem cell therapies to restore androgenic function of the testes are under investigation. Leydig cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and the testes have shown promise for future therapy for primary hypogonadism. In particular, the discovery and utilization of a group of progenitor stem cells within the testes, known as stem Leydig cells(SLCs), has led not only to a better understanding of testicular development, but of treatment as well. When combining this with an understanding of the mechanisms that lead to Leydig cell dysfunction, researchers and physicians will be able to develop stem cell therapies that target the specific step in the steroidogenic process that is deficient. The current preclinical studies highlight the complex nature of regenerating this steroidogenic process and the problems remain unresolved. In summary, there appears to be two current directions for stem cell therapy in male primary hypogonadism. The first method involves differentiating adult Leydig cells from stem cells of various origins from bone marrow, adipose, or embryonic sources. The second method involves isolating, identifying, and transplanting stem Leydig cells into testicular tissue. Theoretically, in-vivo re-activation of SLCs in men with primary hypogonadism due to age would be another alternative method to treat hypogonadism while eliminating the need for transplantation.

关键词： Stem cell therapy Leydig cells Primary hypogonadism Stem Leydig cells Testosterone Bone marrow-derived stem cells Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

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How reproductive allocation and flowering probability of individuals in plant populations are affected by position in stand size hierarchy,plant size and CO_(2) regime

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第4期1卷 207-215页

作者： Caroline Brophy David J.Gibson Peter m.wayne John Connolly School of mathematical Sciences Environmental and Ecological Modelling GroupUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Department of Plant Biology Center for EcologySouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901-6509USA Harvard medical School Osher Research Center Landmark Center Suite 22A401 Park DrBostonMA 02215USA

Aims We investigate the effect of position within a size-structured population on the reproductive allocation(RA)and flowering probability of individual plants of Sinapis *** also assess the effects of plant size and changing level of CO_(2) on both *** Sinapis arvensis L.,(field mustard),an annual agricultural weed,was grown in monoculture at six densities under ambient and elevated CO_(2) in a study with 84 *** aboveground biomass and reproductive biomass were *** density produced a wide range of mean plant sizes across stands and size hierarchies within ***(;40%)individuals had zero reproductive *** a novel modelling approach,we analysed the joint effects of position in stand size hierarchy,plant size and CO_(2) on RA and flowering probability of *** Findings We found a strong effect of position within the size hierarchy of individuals in a population:for an individual of a given size,greater size relative to neighbours substantially increased RA and flowering probability at a single harvest *** was no other effect of plant size on *** found a positive effect of elevated CO_(2) on RA regardless of position within the size *** observed patterns could impact doubly on the reproductive biomass(R)of small ***,because RA is not affected by size,smaller plants will have smaller R than larger plants;and second,for smaller plants lower down in a population size hierarchy,their RA and hence R will be further *** results suggest that size relative to neighbours may be independent of and more important than direct abiotic effects in determining *** studies are required to evaluate how these observed patterns generalize to other populations in non-experimental conditions.

关键词： asymmetric competition neighbour effects nonreproducing plants stand effects Sinapis arvensis

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Characterization of spermidine hydroxycinnamoyl transferases from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and its wild relative Solanum richardii Dunal

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 21-29页

作者： Hui Peng Tianbao Yang Bruce D Whitaker Frances Trouth Lingfei Shangguan Wen Dong wayne m Jurick Agricultural Research Service of U.S.Department of Agriculture Food Quality LaboratoryBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterBeltsville20705MDUSA Horticulture&Landscape College Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128HunanChina College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095JiangsuChina Department of Plant Science University of TennesseeKnoxville37996TNUSA

Eggplant produces a variety of hydroxycinnamic acid amides(HCAAs)that have an important role in plant development and adaptation to environmental *** this study,we identified and characterized a spermidine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(SHT)from eggplant(Solanum melongena)and its wild relative ***,designated as SmSHT and SrSHT,*** was abundant in flowers and fruits,whereas the level of SrSHT was remarkably low in all ***-shock/drought treatment stimulated the expression of SmSHT in both leaves and fruits,indicating its involvement in plant stress *** SHT polypeptides had extremely high identity with just five amino-acid *** SmSHT catalyzed the synthesis of mono-,bi-and tri-acylated *** caffeoyl-CoA as the acyl donor,SmSHT preferred spermidine as the acyl *** spermidine was the acyl acceptor,the donor preference order for SmSHT was caffeoyl-CoA>feruloyl-CoA>ρ-*** exhibited the same substrate specificity as SmSHT,yet exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity than *** example,under caffeoyl-CoA and spermidine,Kcat of SrSHT was 37.3%higher than *** modeling suggests that five amino-acid substitutions in SrSHT result in four alterations in their predicted 3D *** particular,the conserved Lys402 adjacent to the DFGWG motif,and Cys200 in the crossover loop in SmSHT were replaced by Glu and Ser in *** substitutions may contribute to the enhanced activity in *** study provides a platform to generate HCAA rich fruits for eggplant and other solanaceous crops.

关键词： donor acceptor flowers

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No consistent legacy effects of invasion by giant goldenrod(Solidago gigantea)via soil biota on native plant growth

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第3期9卷 320-327页

作者： Jenifer König mark van Kleunen wayne Dawson Department of Biology University of KonstanzUniversitaetsstrasse 10Konstanz D78457Germany

Aims Changes in soil microbial communities after occupation by invasive alien plants can represent legacy effects of invasion that may limit recolonization and establishment of native plant species in soils previously occupied by the *** this study,for three sites in southern Germany,we investigated whether invasion by giant goldenrod(Solidago gigantea)leads to changes in soil biota that result in reduced growth of native plants compared with neighbouring uninvaded *** We grew four native plant species as a community and treated those plants with soil solutions from invaded or uninvaded soils that were sterilized,or live,with live solutions containing different fractions of the soil biota using a decreasing sieve mesh-size *** measured aboveground biomass of the plants in the communities after a 10-week growth *** FindingsAcross all three sites and regardless of invasion,communities treated withm soil biota or sterilized soil solutions had significantly greater biomass than communities treated with the complete soil biota *** indicates that soil biota>20μm are more pathogenic to the native plants than smaller organisms in these *** all three sites,there was only a non-significant tendency for the native community biomass to differ among soil solution types,depending on whether or not the soil was *** one site showed significant differences in community biomass among soil solution types,depending on whether or not the soil was invaded;community biomass was significantly lower when treated with the complete soil biota solution than with soil biotam or sterilized soil solutions,but only for the invaded *** findings suggest that efforts to restore native communities on soils previously invaded by Solidago gigantea are unlikely to be hindered by changes in soil microbial community composition as a result of previous invasion.

关键词： exotic plants invasive plant impacts plant-soil feedback soil microbes

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Is clinically measured knee range of motion after total knee arthroplasty‘good enough?’:A feasibility study using wearable inertial measurement units to compare knee range of motion captured during physical therapy versus at home

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medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2021年第3期11卷 195-204页

作者： Ryan m.Chapman wayne E.moschetti Douglas W.Van Citters Dartmouth College Thayer School of Engineering14 Engineering DriveHanoverNH03755USA Dartmouth Hitchcock medical Center Department of Orthopaedics1 Medical Center DriveLebanonNH03766USA University of Rhode Island Department of Kinesiology25 W Indendence WayKingstonRI02881USA

Total knee arthroplasty is highly successful,in part due to range of motion(Rom)*** is typically estimated goniometrically/visually by physical therapists(PTs)in the clinic,which is ***,a validated inertial measurement unit(ImU)method for capturing knee Rom was deployed assessing postoperative Rom both in and outside of the clinical *** study's objectives were to evaluate the feasibility of continuously capturing knee Rom pre-/post-op via ImUs,dividing data into PT/non-PT portions of each day,and comparing PT/non-PT *** hypothesized ImU-based clinical knee Rom would differ from ImU-based knee Rom captured outside clinical settings.10 patients(3 m,69±13 years)completed informed consent documents following ethics board approval.A validated ImU method captured long duration(8–12 h/day,~50 days)knee Rom pre-/***-op metrics were subdivided(PT versus non-PT).Clinical Rom and patient reported outcome measures were also *** and clinical disruption were *** compared post-op PT and non-PT means and change *** flexion during PT was less than outside *** stance/swing Rom and activity level were greater than outside *** temporal variable differences were found PT versus *** Rom measurements capture richer information than clinical *** PT flexion was likely less than non-PT due to the exercises completed(*** passive Rom *** Rom gait).PT gait flexion likely exceed non-PT because of‘white coat effects’wherein patients are closely monitored *** implies data captured clinically represents optimum performance whereas data captured non-clinically represents realistic performance.

关键词： Knee replacement Postoperative rehabilitation Wearable Inertial measurement unit Total joint arthroplasty Range of motion

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