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Enhanced Object Detection and Classification via Multi-Method Fusion

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3315-3331页

作者： Muhammad waqas ahmed Nouf Abdullah Almujally Abdulwahab Alazeb Asaad Algarni Jeongmin Park Department of Computer Science Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemNajran UniversityNajran55461Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityRafha91911Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Tech University of Korea237 Sangidaehak-roSiheung-siGyeonggi-do15073South Korea

Advances in machine vision systems have revolutionized applications such as autonomous driving,robotic navigation,and augmented reality.Despite substantial progress,challenges persist,including dynamic backgrounds,occlusion,and limited labeled data.To address these challenges,we introduce a comprehensive methodology toenhance image classification and object detection accuracy.The proposed approach involves the integration ofmultiple methods in a complementary way.The process commences with the application of Gaussian filters tomitigate the impact of noise interference.These images are then processed for segmentation using Fuzzy C-Meanssegmentation in parallel with saliency mapping techniques to find the most prominent regions.The Binary RobustIndependent Elementary Features(BRIEF)characteristics are then extracted fromdata derived fromsaliency mapsand segmented images.For precise object separation,Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF(ORB)algorithms areemployed.Genetic Algorithms(GAs)are used to optimize Random Forest classifier parameters which lead toimproved performance.Our method stands out due to its comprehensive approach,adeptly addressing challengessuch as changing backdrops,occlusion,and limited labeled data concurrently.A significant enhancement hasbeen achieved by integrating Genetic Algorithms(GAs)to precisely optimize parameters.This minor adjustmentnot only boosts the uniqueness of our system but also amplifies its overall efficacy.The proposed methodologyhas demonstrated notable classification accuracies of 90.9%and 89.0%on the challenging Corel-1k and MSRCdatasets,respectively.Furthermore,detection accuracies of 87.2%and 86.6%have been attained.Although ourmethod performed well in both datasets it may face difficulties in real-world data especially where datasets havehighly complex backgrounds.Despite these limitations,GAintegration for parameter optimization shows a notablestrength in enhancing the overall adaptability and performance of our system.

关键词： BRIEF features saliency map fuzzy c-means object detection object recognition

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Observability of parameter space for charged Higgs boson in its bosonic decays in two Higgs doublet model Type-1

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 57-65页

作者： Ijaz ahmed waqas Ahmad M.S.Amjad Jamil Muhammad Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and TechnologyIslamabad Pakistan Riphah International University Sector I-14Hajj ComplexIslamabad Pakistan National University of Technology Islamabad Pakistan Sang-Ho College and Department of PhysicsKonkuk UniversitySeoul 05029South Korea

This study explores the possibility of discovering H±through its bosonic decays,i.e.,H±→W±φ(whereφ=h or A),within the Type-I two Higgs doublet model(2HDM).The main objective is to demonstrate the available parameter space after applying recent experimental and theoretical exclusion limits.We suggest that mH±=150 GeV is the most probable mass for the H±→W±φdecay channel in pp collisions at s1/2=8,13,and 14 TeV.We also report on the application of a modern machine learning approach to a multivariate technique for heavy charged Higgs production in association with a single top quark through weak interaction to demonstrate its observability in comparison with the most relevant Standard Model backgrounds using the neural networks of boosted decision Tree(BDT),likelihood(LH),and multilayer perceptron(MLP).

关键词： charged Higgs MSSM LHC

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Neural stem cell-derived exosome as a nano-sized carrier for BDNF delivery to a rat model of ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第2期18卷 404-409页

作者： Zhi-Han Zhu Feng Jia waqas ahmed Gui-Long Zhang Hong Wang Chao-Qun Lin Wang-Hao Chen Lu-Kui Chen Department of Neurosurgery School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Neuroscience CenterCancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Our previo us study demonstrated the potential therapeutic role of human neural stem cell-derived exosomes(hNSC-Exo)in ischemic stroke.Here,we loaded brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)into exosomes derived from NSCs to construct engineered exosomes(BDNF-hNSC-Exo)and compared their effects with those of hNSC-Exo on ischemic stroke both in vitro and in vivo.In a model of H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative stress in NSCs,BDNF-hNSC-Exo markedly enhanced cell survival.In a rat middle cerebral arte ry occlusion model,BDNF-hNSC-Exo not only inhibited the activation of microglia,but also promoted the differentiation of endogenous NSCs into neurons.These results suggest that BDNF can improve the function of NSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of ischemic stro ke.Our research may support the clinical use of other neurotrophic factors for central nervous system diseases.

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic factor exosome inflammation ischemic stroke neural stem cell neurogenesis neurological recovery transplantation

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Augmenting IoT Intrusion Detection System Performance Using Deep Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1351-1374页

作者： Nasir Sayed Muhammad Shoaib waqas ahmed Sultan Noman Qasem Abdullah M.Albarrak Faisal Saeed Department of Computer Science Islamia College PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Computer Science CECOS University of IT and Emerging SciencesPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering HITEC University TaxilaTaxila47080Pakistan Computer Science Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia DAAI Research Group Department of Computing and Data ScienceSchool of Computing and Digital TechnologyBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamB47XGUK

Due to their low power consumption and limited computing power,Internet of Things(IoT)devices are difficult to secure.Moreover,the rapid growth of IoT devices in homes increases the risk of cyber-attacks.Intrusion detection systems(IDS)are commonly employed to prevent cyberattacks.These systems detect incoming attacks and instantly notify users to allow for the implementation of appropriate countermeasures.Attempts have been made in the past to detect new attacks using machine learning and deep learning techniques,however,these efforts have been unsuccessful.In this paper,we propose two deep learning models to automatically detect various types of intrusion attacks in IoT networks.Specifically,we experimentally evaluate the use of two Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)to detect nine distinct types of attacks listed in the NF-UNSW-NB15-v2 dataset.To accomplish this goal,the network stream data were initially converted to twodimensional images,which were then used to train the neural network models.We also propose two baseline models to demonstrate the performance of the proposed models.Generally,both models achieve high accuracy in detecting the majority of these nine attacks.

关键词： Internet of things intrusion detection system deep learning convolutional neural network supervised learning

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Patients with Shoulder Dysfunction After Mastectomy Can Benefit from Nurse-Assisted Home-Based Range of Motion Exercises

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2022年第6期6卷 37-41页

作者： waqas ahmed Farjad Afzal Department of Allied Health Sciences University of SargodhaSargodha 40100PunjabPakistan

Background:Shoulder dysfunction is very common after mastectomy,and there is also less follow-up for physiotherapy services among patients with mastectomy.Objective:A study was conducted to determine the role of nurse-assisted home-based range of motion(ROM)exercises in patients with shoulder dysfunction after mastectomy.Methods:A pre-and post-interventional study design was used to collect data from 30 post-mastectomy patients.The subjects were selected on a voluntary basis.Informed consent was obtained from post-mastectomy patients who were discharged from different oncology hospitals in Pakistan prior to their inclusion in this study.After obtaining a baseline measurement,the patients were supervised with nurse-assisted ROM exercises at home.The nurse-assisted home-based ROM exercise program was designed for such patients,and the patients were followed-up for up to 1 month.The total duration of the study was 1 year from August 2015 to August 2016.Post-intervention measurement was performed at the patients’home.The difference in terms of pain reduction and ROM improvement at the shoulder joint was recorded using goniometric measurements and the 100 mm visual analogue scale(VAS).Results:The mean age of the 30 subjects was 39.83±5.89.The mean ROM of shoulder flexion before the exercise program was 106.03°,which improved to 133.93°after 1 month of the exercise program.The mean ROM of shoulder abduction before treatment was 94.83°,which improved to 127.13°after 1 month of supervised exercise program.The mean ROM of shoulder rotation before the exercise program was 127.53°,which improved to 152.03°after 1 month of the exercise program.Conclusion:The nurse-assisted home-based shoulder ROM exercise program is effective in terms of improving the range of motion and reducing pain at the shoulder joint in post-mastectomy patients.

关键词： Mastectomy Shoulder Dysfunction Adhesive capsulitis ROM Exercises

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A unified approach of energy and data cooperation in energy harvesting WSNs

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2018年第8期61卷 170-182页

作者： Roomana YOUSAF Rizwan AHMAD waqas ahmed Fu-chun ZHENG School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences School of Electronic and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology

Energy harvesting(EH) provisioned wireless sensor nodes are key enablers to increase network life time in modern wireless sensor networks(WSNs). However, the intermittent nature of the EH process necessitates management of nodes’ limited data and energy buffer capacity. In this paper, a unified mathematical model for a cooperative EHWSN with an opportunistic relay is presented. The energy and data causality constraints are expressed in terms of throughput, available energy, delay and transmission time.Considering finite energy buffers, data buffers and discrete transmission rates(as defined in the standard IEEE 802.15.4) at the nodes, different intuitive online power allocation policies at the relay are studied.The results show that a policy achieving high throughput is less fair and vice versa. Therefore, a joint rate and power allocation policy(JRPAP) is proposed in this study which provides a better trade off between fairness, throughput and energy over intuitive policies. Based on the JRPAP results, we propose to use data aggregation(DA) to achieve throughput gain at lower buffer sizes. In addition, the notion of energy aggregation(EA) is introduced to achieve throughput gain at higher buffer sizes. Combining both EA and DA further improves the overall throughput at all buffer sizes.

关键词： energy harvesting energy causality data causality energy aggregation data aggregation opportunistic relay

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Synergic Effect of Reworking for Imperfect Quality Items with the Integration of Multi-Period Delay-in-Payment and Partial Backordering in Global Supply Chains

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Engineering 2021年第2期7卷 260-271页

作者： waqas ahmed Muhammad Moazzam Biswajit Sarkar Saif Ur Rehman Department of Operations and Supply Chain NUST Business SchoolNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Industrial Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Management Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore 54660Pakistan

In intercontinental trade and economics goods are bought from a global supplier.On occasion,the expected lot may include a fraction of defective items.These imperfect items still have worth and can be sold to customers after repair.It is cost-effective and sustainable to rework such items in nearby repair workshops rather than return them.The reworked items can be returned from the workshop to the buyer when shortages are equal to the quantity of imperfect items.In the meantime,the supplier correspondingly deals a multi-period delay-in-payments strategy with purchaser.The entire profit has been maximized with paybacks for interim financing.This study aims to develop a synergic inventory model to get the most profit by making an allowance for reworking,multi-period delay-in-payments policy,and shortages.The findings of the proposed model augment inventory management performance by monitoring cycle time as well as fraction of phase with optimistic inventory for a supply chain.The results demonstrate that profit is smaller if the permitted period given by supplier to buyer is equal to or greater than the cycle time,and profit is greater if the permitted period is smaller than the cycle time.The algebraic method is engaged to make a closed system optimum solution.The mathematical experiment of this study is constructed to provide management insights and tangible practices.

关键词： Imperfect items Rework Shortages Multi-period delay-in-payments Non-derivative methodology

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Interaction of soil microbial communities and phosphorus fractions under long-term fertilization in paddy soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第7期21卷 2134-2144页

作者： Muhammad QASWAR waqas ahmed HUANG Jing LIU Kai-lou ZHANG Lu HAN Tian-fu DU Jiang-xue Sehrish ALI Hafeez UR-RAHIM HUANG Qing-hai ZHANG Hui-min National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land/lnstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhent 9000Belgium Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006P.R.China National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-ecology System/lnstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQiyang 426182P.R.China National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil Nanchang 331717P.R.China Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering Ministry of Education/School of Environmental Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024P.R.China

Understanding the impact of biological activities on the soil phosphorus(P)distribution under long-term fertilizer application can facilitate better soil P fertility management.Therefore,the primary objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of long-term(since 1981)fertilizer application on the soil P fractions and microbial community and to evaluate correlations between the microbial community structure and P distribution.The following treatments were implemented in a long-term field trial:no fertilization(CK),inorganic N and K(NK),inorganic P and K(PK),inorganic N,P and K(NPK)and manure+NPK(MNPK)fertilization.The study showed that the soil pH,soil organic carbon and total and available N and P concentrations were considerably higher in the MNPK treatment than in the CK treatment.The soil microbial biomass C,N and P concentrations were also significantly higher in the MNPK treatment than in the CK treatment.Among fertilization treatments,theβ-1,4-glucosidase,α-1,4-glucosidase,urease,acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase activities were the highest in the MNPK treatment.Compared to inorganic fertilization,the MNPK treatment increased the labile soil P fractions and decreased the residual soil P concentration.Continuous fertilization significantly affected the soil microbial composition.The total phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)concentrations in the NK,PK,NPK and MNPK treatments were 23.3,43.1,48.7 and 87.7%higher,respectively,than in the CK treatment.A significant correlation was observed between the microbial community and soil P fractions.Moreover,the aggregated boosted tree(ABT)model showed that among the various soil biochemical properties,the total PLFA concentration was the factor that most influenced the active P pool,accounting for 35.4%of the relative influence of all soil biochemical properties examined.These findings reveal that combined manure and inorganic fertilizer application is a better approach than applying inorganic fertilizer alone for sustaining long-term P fertility by mediating

关键词： enzyme activities long-term fertilization microbial community microbial biomass phosphorus fraction

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Is Ziarat a Potential Site for Conventional or Unconventional Energy Resources?

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第4期92卷 1544-1557页

作者： Sarfraz KHAN Umair Bin NISAR Khawar A.ahmed Muhammad WASEEM waqas ahmed National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar25130Pakistan Comsats Institute of Information and Technology AbbottabadPakistan Comsats Institute of Information and Technology IslamabadPakistan

A structural interpretation of the Ziarat block in the Balochistan region （a part of the Suleiman Fold and Thrust Belt） has been carried out using seismic and seismological data. Seismic data consists of nine 2.5D pre-stack migrated seismic lines, whereas the seismological data covers the Fault Plane Solution and source parameters. Structural interpretation describes two broad fault sets of fore and back thrusts in the study area that have resulted in the development of pop-up structures, accountable for the structural traps and seismicity pattern in terms of seismic hazard. Seismic interpretation includes time and depth contour maps of the Dungan Formation and Ranikot group, while seismological interpretation includes Fault Plane Solution, that is correlated with a geological and structural map of the area for the interpretation of the nature of the subsurface faults. Principal stresses are also estimated for the Ranikot group and Dungan Formation. In order to calculate anisotropic elastic properties, the parameters of the rock strength of the formations are first determined from seismic data, along with the dominant stresses （vertical, minimum horizontal, and maximum horizontal）. The differential ratio of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses is obtained to indicate optimal zones for hydraulic fracturing, and to assess the potential for geothermal energy reservoir prospect generation. The stress maps indicate high values towards the deeper part of the horizon, and low towards the shallower part, attributed to the lithological and structural variation in the area. Outcomes of structural interpretation indicate a good correlation of structure and tectonics from both seismological and seismic methods.

关键词： fault plane solution reservoir monitoring stress analysis hydraulic fracturing geothermal energy structural interpretation

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Dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen in deep soil profile and crop yields under long-term fertilization in wheat-maize cropping system

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第3期21卷 826-839页

作者： Muhammad QASWAR LI Dong-chu HUANG Jing HAN Tian-fu waqas ahmed Sehrish ALI Muhammad Numan KHAN Zulqarnain Haider KHAN XU Yong-mei LI Qian ZHANG Hui-min WANG Bo-ren Ahmad TAUQEER National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering School of Environmental Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024P.R.China National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-Ecology System/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQiyang 426182P.R.China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006P.R.China Agro-Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjin 300191P.R.China Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water ConservationXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesUrumqi 830091P.R.China College of Agriculture Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471000P.R.China School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024P.R.China

Soil organic carbon(SOC)and nitrogen(N)are two of the most important indicators for agricultural productivity.The primary objective of this study was to investigate the changes in SOC and N in the deep soil profile(up to 100 cm)and their relationships with crop productivity under the influence of long-term(since 1990)fertilization in the wheat-maize cropping system.Treatments included CK(control),NP(inorganic N and phosphorus(P)fertilizers),NPK(inorganic N,P and potassium fertilizers),NPKM(NPK plus manure),and M(manure).Crop yield and the properties of topsoil were measured yearly from 2001 to 2009.C and N contents were measured at five different depths in 2001 and 2009.The results showed that wheat and maize yields decreased between 2001 and 2009 under the inorganic fertilizer(NP and NPK)treatments.The average yield between 2001 and 2009 under the NP,NPK,NPKM,and M treatments(compared with the CK treatment)increased by 38,115,383,and 381%,respectively,for wheat and 348,891,2738,and 1845%,respectively,for maize.Different long-term fertilization treatments significantly changed coarse free particulate(cf POC),fine free particulate(ff POC),intramicroaggregate particulate(i POC),and mineral-associated(m SOC)organic carbon fractions.In the experimental years of 2001 and 2009,soil fractions occurred in the following order for all treatments:m SOC>cf POC>i POC>ff POC.All fractions were higher under the manure application treatments than under the inorganic fertilization treatments.Compared to the inorganic fertilization treatments,manure input enhanced the stocks of SOC and total N in the surface layer(0–20 cm)but decreased SOC and N in the deep soil layer(80–100 cm).This reveals the efficiency of manure in increasing yield productivity and decreasing risk of vertical loss of nutrients,especially N,compared to inorganic fertilization treatments.The findings provide opportunities for understanding deep soil C and N dynamics,which could help mitigate climate change impact on agricultural production and maintain soil heal

关键词： carbon stock nitrogen stock carbon fraction soil profile organic amendments long-term experiment

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