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The Impact of the Numbers of Monitoring Stations on the National and Regional Air Quality Assessment in China During 2013-18

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第10期39卷 1709-1720页

作者： Hongyan LUO Xiao TANG Huangjian WU Lei KONG Qian WU Kai CAO Yating SONG Xuechun LUO Yao wang Jiang ZHU zifa wang LAPC&ICCES Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

China national air quality monitoring network has become the core data source for air quality assessment and management in ***,during network construction,the significant change in numbers of monitoring sites with time is easily ignored,which brings uncertainty to air quality *** study aims to analyze the impact of change in numbers of stations on national and regional air quality assessments in China during *** results indicate that the change in numbers of stations has different impacts on fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and ozone concentration *** increasing number of sites makes the estimated national and regional PM_(2.5) concentration slightly lower by 0.6−2.2μg m^(−3) and 1.4−6.0μg m^(−3) respectively from 2013 to *** main reason is that over time,the monitoring network expands from the urban centers to the suburban areas with low population densities and pollutant *** ozone,the increasing number of stations affects the long-term trends of the estimated concentration,especially the national trends,which changed from a slight upward trend to a downward trend in 2014−***,the impact of the increasing number of sites on ozone assessment exhibits a seasonal difference at the 0.05 significance level in that the added sites make the estimated concentration higher in winter and lower in *** results suggest that the change in numbers of monitoring sites is an important uncertainty factor in national and regional air quality assessments,that needs to be considered in long-term concentration assessment,trend analysis,and trend driving force analysis.

关键词： monitoring network newly added sites PM_(2.5) ozone

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Severe Global Environmental Issues Caused by Canada’s Record-Breaking Wildfires in 2023

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 565-571页

作者： Zhe wang zifa wang Zhiyin ZOU Xueshun CHEN Huangjian WU Wending wang Hang SU Fang LI Wenru XU Zhihua LIU Jiaojun ZHU State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

Due to the record-breaking wildfires that occurred in Canada in 2023,unprecedented quantities of air pollutants and greenhouse gases were released into the *** wildfires had emitted more than 1.3 Pg CO_(2)and 0.14 Pg CO_(2)equivalent of other greenhouse gases(GHG)including CH4 and N_(2)O as of 31 *** wildfire-related GHG emissions constituted more than doubled Canada’s planned cumulative anthropogenic emissions reductions in 10 years,which represents a significant challenge to climate mitigation *** model simulations showed that the Canadian wildfires impacted not only the local air quality but also that of most areas in the northern hemisphere due to long-range transport,causing severe PM_(2.5)pollution in the northeastern United States and increasing daily mean PM_(2.5)concentration in northwestern China by up to 2μg *** observed maximum daily mean PM_(2.5)concentration in New York City reached 148.3μg m-3,which was their worst air quality in more than 50 years,nearly 10 times that of the air quality guideline(i.e.,15μg m-3)issued by the World Health Organization(WHO).Aside from the direct emissions from forest fires,the peat fires beneath the surface might smolder for several months or even longer and release substantial amounts of CO_(2).The substantial amounts of greenhouse gases from forest and peat fires might contribute to the positive feedback to the climate,potentially accelerating global *** better understand the comprehensive environmental effects of wildfires and their interactions with the climate system,more detailed research based on advanced observations and Earth System Models is essential.

关键词： Canada forest fire greenhouse gases PM_(2.5) transboundary air pollution

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Development and evaluation of an online monitoring single-particle optical particle counter with polarization detection

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 585-596页

作者： Weijie Yao Xiaole Pan Yu Tian Hang Liu Yuting Zhang Shandong Lei Junbo Zhang Yinzhou Zhang LinWu Yele Sun zifa wang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

We developed a single-particle optical particle counter with polarization detection(SOPC)for the real-time measurement of the optical size and depolarization ratio(defined as the ratio of the vertical component to the parallel component of backward scattering)of atmospheric particles,the polarization ratio(DR)value can reflect the irregularity of the *** SOPC can detect aerosol particles with size larger than 500 nm and the maximum particle count rate reaches~1.8×10^(5)particles per *** SOPC uses a modulated polarization laser to measure the optical size of particles according to forward scattering signal and the DR value of the particles by backward S and P signal *** sampling rate of the SOPC was 106#/(sec·channel),and all the raw data were processed *** calibration curve was obtained by polystyrene latex spheres with sizes of 0.5-10μm,and the average relative deviation of measurement was 3.96% for sub 3μm particles.T-matrix method calculations showed that the DR value of backscatter light at 120°could describe the variations in the aspect ratio of particles in the above size *** performed insitu observations for the evaluation of the SOPC,the mass concentration constructed by the SOPC showed good agreement with the PM_(2.5)measurements in a nearby state-controlled monitoring *** instrument could provide useful data for source appointment and regulations against air pollution.

关键词： Instrument development Single particle detection Measurement uncertainty Optical simulation Mass concentration

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地震工程研究的科学大平台

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地震工程与工程振动 2007年第6期27卷 1-9页

作者：王自法中国地震局工程力学研究所黑龙江哈尔滨150080

始于十九世纪末的地震工程研究,在其100多年的历史中积累了大量的理论和实践经验,随之而建设起来的各类地震工程实验设施分布于世界各地。近20年来,信息技术的飞速发展使得分布于世界各地的实验设施通过网络实现协同实验和资源共享。基... 详细信息

始于十九世纪末的地震工程研究,在其100多年的历史中积累了大量的理论和实践经验,随之而建设起来的各类地震工程实验设施分布于世界各地。近20年来,信息技术的飞速发展使得分布于世界各地的实验设施通过网络实现协同实验和资源共享。基于以上的信息,为了更好更快地和国际接轨,本文提出了建设一个地震工程研究领域的科学大平台设想。这个大平台包括三个方面的内容:数值模拟,网络协同实验系统和基础信息系统,将形成本领域开放性的综合科学平台。在数值模拟方面,这个科学平台将利用最新的信息技术将本领域的科学研究结果和方法集成起来,形成一个模块式的科学研究平台系统。在网络协同实验方面,将采纳美国NEES的思路,并对其改进和提高之后应用于中国。在基础数据方面,将利用最为先进的数据仓储技术,建设一个可以服务于地震工程科学研究的数据平台。最后,文章给出了建设这个科学平台的规划,以及目前的进展和资金支持等情况。

关键词：开源代码平台地震破坏模拟平台框架实验研究

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Cross-boundary transport and source apportionment for PM_(2.5) in a typical industrial city in the Hebei Province,China:A modeling study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 465-473页

作者： Xiaoyong Liu Xiaole Pan Jie Li Xi Chen Hang Liu Yu Tian Yuting Zhang Shandong Lei Weijie Yao Qi Liao Yele Sun zifa wang Hong He State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Cross-boundary transport of air pollution is a difficult issue in pollution control for the North China *** this study,an industrial district(Shahe City)with a large glass manufactur-ing sector was investigated to clarify the relative contribution of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))to the city's high levels of *** Nest Air Quality Prediction Model System(NAQPMS),paired with Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF),was adopted and applied with a spatial resolution of 5 *** the study period,the mean mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),SO_(2),and NO_(2)were observed to be 132.0,76.1,and 55.5μg/m^(3),*** model reproduced the variations in pollutant concentrations in Shahe at an acceptable *** simulation of online source-tagging revealed that pollutants emitted within a 50-km radius of downtown Shahe contributed 63.4%of the city's total PM_(2.5)*** contribu-tion increased to 73.9±21.2%when unfavorable meteorological conditions(high relative hu-midity,weak wind,and low planetary boundary layer height)were present;such conditions are more frequently associated with severe pollution(PM_(2.5)≥250μg/m^(3)).The contribution from Shahe was 52.3±21.6%.The source apportionment results showed that industry(47%),transportation(10%),power(17%),and residential(26%)sectors were the most important sources of PM_(2.5)in *** glass factories(where chimney stack heights were normally<70 m)in Shahe contributed 32.1%of the total PM_(2.5)concentration in *** an in-crease in PM_(2.5)concentration,the emissions from glass factories accumulated vertically and narrowed *** times when pollution levels were severe,the horizontally influ-enced area mainly covered ***,sensitivity tests indicated that reducing emissions by 20%,40%,and 60% could lead to a decrease in themass concentration of PM_(2.5) of of 12.0%,23.8%,and 35.5%,respectively.

关键词： Industrial cities PM_(2.5) Pollution transport Source apportionment

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Contrast in Secondary Organic Aerosols between the Present Day and the Preindustrial Period:The Importance of Nontraditional Sources and the Changed Atmospheric Oxidation Capability

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第10期41卷 1936-1952,I0002-I0010页

作者： Yingchuan YANG Wenyi YANG Xueshun CHEN Jiawen ZHU Huansheng CHEN Yuanlin wang Wending wang Lianfang WEI Ying WEI Qian YE Huiyun DU Zichen WU Zhe wang Jie LI Xiaodong ZENG zifa wang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning Beijing 100041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorology AdministrationBeijing 100089China Unit 93213 of PLA Beijing 100085China

Quantifying differences in secondary organic aerosols(SOAs)between the preindustrial period and the present day is crucial to assess climate forcing and environmental effects resulting from anthropogenic *** lack of vegetation information for the preindustrial period and the uncertainties in describing SOA formation are two leading factors preventing simulation of *** study calculated the online emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in the Aerosol and Atmospheric Chemistry Model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP-AACM)by coupling the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature(MEGAN),where the input vegetation parameters were simulated by the IAP Dynamic Global Vegetation Model(IAP-DGVM).The volatility basis set(VBS)approach was adopted to simulate SOA formation from the nontraditional pathways,i.e.,the oxidation of intermediate VOCs and aging of primary organic *** biogenic SOAs(BSOAs)were dominant in SOAs globally in the preindustrial period,the contribution of nontraditional anthropogenic SOAs(ASOAs)to the total SOAs was up to 35.7%.In the present day,the contribution of ASOAs was 2.8 times larger than that in the preindustrial *** contribution of nontraditional sources of SOAs to SOA was as high as 53.1%.The influence of increased anthropogenic emissions in the present day on BSOA concentrations was greater than that of increased biogenic emission *** response of BSOA concentrations to anthropogenic emission changes in the present day was more sensitive than that in the preindustrial *** nontraditional sources and the atmospheric oxidation capability greatly affect the global SOA change.

关键词： IAP-AACM VBS MEGAN secondary organic aerosol anthropogenic and biogenic emissions

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Chemical formation and source apportionment of PM_(2.5) at an urban site at the southern foot of the Taihang mountains

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第5期33卷 20-32页

作者： Xiaoyong Liu Mingshi wang Xiaole Pan Xiyue wang Xiaolong Yue Donghui Zhang Zhigang Ma Yu Tian Hang Liu Shandong Lei Yuting Zhang Qi Liao Baozhu Ge Dawei wang Jie Li Yele Sun Pingqing Fu zifa wang Hong He Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454003China Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Jiaozuo 454003China Jiaozuo Environmental Science Research Institute Jiaozuo 454003China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The region along the Taihang Mountains in the North China Plain(NCP) is characterized by serious fine particle pollution. To clarify the formation mechanism and controlling factors, an observational study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the fine particulate matter in Jiaozuo city, China. Mass concentrations of the water-soluble ions(WSIs) in PM_(2.5) and gaseous pollutant precursors were measured on an hourly basis from December 1, 2017, to February 27, 2018. The positive matrix factorization(PMF) method and the FLEXible PARTicle(FLEXPART) model were employed to identify the sources of PM_(2.5). The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_(2.5) was 111 μg/m^(3) during the observation period. Among the major WSIs, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium(SNA) constituted 62% of the total PM_(2.5) mass, and NO_(3)^(-) ranked the highest with an average contribution of 24.6%. NH_(4)^(+) was abundant in most cases in Jiaozuo. According to chemical balance analysis, SO_(2)-4, NO_(3)^(-), and Cl^(-) might be present in the form of(NH_4)_(2)SO_4, NH_4NO_3, NH_4Cl, and KCl. The liquid-phase oxidation of SO_(2) and NO_(2) was severe during the haze period. The relative humidity and pH were the key factors influencing SO_(4)^(2-) formation. We found that NO_(3)^(-) mainly stemmed from homogeneous gas-phase reactions in the daytime and originated from the hydrolysis of N_(2)O_5 in the nighttime, which was inconsistent with previous studies. The PMF model identified five sources of PM_(2.5) : secondary origin(37.8%), vehicular emissions(34.7%), biomass burning(11.5%), coal combustion(9.4%), and crustal dust(6.6%).

关键词： PM_(2.5) Chemical components Source identification

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Investigating the Transport Mechanism of PM2.5 Pollution during January 2014 in Wuhan, Central China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第11期36卷 1217-1234,I0012-I0017页

作者： Miaomiao LU Xiao TANG zifa wang Lin WU Xueshun CHEN Shengwen LIANG Hui ZHOU Huangjian WU Ke HU Longjiao SHEN Jia YU Jiang ZHU State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center Wuhan 430015 China Hunan Meteorological Observatory Changsha 410118 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Severe haze pollution that occurred in January 2014 in Wuhan was investigated. The factors leading to Wuhan’s PM2.5 pollution and the characteristics and formation mechanism were found to be significantly different from other megacities, like Beijing. Both the growth rates and decline rates of PM2.5 concentrations in Wuhan were lower than those in Beijing, but the monthly PM2.5 value was approximately twice that in Beijing. Furthermore, the sharp increases of PM2.5 concentrations were often accompanied by strong winds. A high-precision modeling system with an online source-tagged method was established to explore the formation mechanism of five haze episodes. The long-range transport of the polluted air masses from the North China Plain (NCP) was the main factor leading to the sharp increases of PM2.5 concentrations in Wuhan, which contributed 53.4% of the monthly PM2.5 concentrations and 38.5% of polluted days. Furthermore, the change in meteorological conditions such as weakened winds and stable weather conditions led to the accumulation of air pollutants in Wuhan after the long-range transport. The contribution from Wuhan and surrounding cities to the PM2.5 concentrations was determined to be 67.4% during this period. Under the complex regional transport of pollutants from surrounding cities, the NCP, East China, and South China, the five episodes resulted in 30 haze days in Wuhan. The findings reveal important roles played by transregional and intercity transport in haze formation in Wuhan.

关键词： haze pollution regional transport Wuhan North China Plain source-tagged method

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New insights into the sources and formation of carbonaceous aerosols in China:potential applications of dual-carbon isotopes

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National Science Review 2017年第6期4卷 804-806页

作者： Fang Cao Yanlin Zhang Lujie Ren Junwen Liu Jun Li Gan Zhang Di Liu Yele Sun zifa wang Zongbo Shi Pingqing Fu Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology LAPC Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin University SKLOG Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham

Carbonaceous aerosols account for20-50%of total fine particulate matter(PM;,particles with a diameter of2.5μm or less)mass concentration in polluted urban atmospheres and can affect atmospheric chemistry,air quality,... 详细信息

关键词： SOA PM New insights into the sources and formation of carbonaceous aerosols in China:potential applications of dual-carbon isotopes

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Transport Patterns and Potential Sources of Atmospheric Pollution during the ⅩⅩⅣ Olympic Winter Games Period

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第10期39卷 1608-1622,I0002-I0004页

作者： Yuting ZHANG Xiaole PAN Yu TIAN Hang LIU Xueshun CHEN Baozhu GE Zhe wang Xiao TANG Shandong LEI Weijie YAO Yuanzhe REN Yongli TIAN Jie LI Pingqing FU Jinyuan XIN Yele SUN Junji CAO zifa wang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region environmental monitoring central station Hohhot 010090China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The attainment of suitable ambient air quality standards is a matter of great concern for successfully hosting the ⅩⅩⅣ Olympic Winter Games(OWG). Transport patterns and potential sources of pollutants in Zhangjiakou(ZJK) were investigated using pollutant monitoring datasets and a dispersion model. The PM_(2.5) concentration during February in ZJK has increased slightly(28%) from 2018 to 2021, mostly owing to the shift of main potential source regions of west-central Inner Mongolia and Mongolian areas(2015–18) to the North China Plain and northern Shanxi Province(NCPS) after *** CO as an indicator, the relative contributions of the different regions to the receptor site(ZJK) were evaluated based on the source-receptor-relationship method(SRR) and an emission inventory. We found that the relative contribution of pollutants from NCPS increased from 33% to 68% during 2019–21. Central Inner Mongolia(CIM) also has an important impact on ZJK under unfavorable weather conditions. This study demonstrated that the effect of pollution control measures in the NCPS and CIM should be strengthened to ensure that the air quality meets the standard during the ⅩⅩⅣ OWG.

关键词： Olympic Winter Games FLEXPART transport characteristics atmospheric pollution sources

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