Chemical formation and source apportionment of PM_(2.5) at an urban site at the southern foot of the Taihang mountains

作     者：Xiaoyong Liu Mingshi Wang Xiaole Pan Xiyue Wang Xiaolong Yue Donghui Zhang Zhigang Ma Yu Tian Hang Liu Shandong Lei Yuting Zhang Qi Liao Baozhu Ge Dawei Wang Jie Li Yele Sun Pingqing Fu Zifa Wang Hong He Xiaoyong Liu;Mingshi Wang;Xiaole Pan;Xiyue Wang;Xiaolong Yue;Donghui Zhang;Zhigang Ma;Yu Tian;Hang Liu;Shandong Lei;Yuting Zhang;Qi Liao;Baozhu Ge;Dawei Wang;Jie Li;Yele Sun;Pingqing Fu;Zifa Wang;Hong He

作者机构：Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric EnvironmentInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric ChemistryInstitute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003China Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring CenterJiaozuo 454003China Jiaozuo Environmental Science Research InstituteJiaozuo 454003China Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institute of Surface-Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Earth SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China 

出 版 物：《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 (环境科学学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2021年第33卷第5期

页      面：20-32页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 070602[理学-大气物理学与大气环境] 0706[理学-大气科学] 

基　　金：sponsored by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Grant XDA19040201) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41877314) 

主　　题：PM_(2.5) Chemical components Source identification 

摘      要：The region along the Taihang Mountains in the North China Plain(NCP) is characterized by serious fine particle pollution. To clarify the formation mechanism and controlling factors, an observational study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the fine particulate matter in Jiaozuo city, China. Mass concentrations of the water-soluble ions(WSIs) in PM_(2.5) and gaseous pollutant precursors were measured on an hourly basis from December 1, 2017, to February 27, 2018. The positive matrix factorization(PMF) method and the FLEXible PARTicle(FLEXPART) model were employed to identify the sources of PM_(2.5). The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_(2.5) was 111 μg/m^(3) during the observation period. Among the major WSIs, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium(SNA) constituted 62% of the total PM_(2.5) mass, and NO_(3)^(-) ranked the highest with an average contribution of 24.6%. NH_(4)^(+) was abundant in most cases in Jiaozuo. According to chemical balance analysis, SO_(2)-4, NO_(3)^(-), and Cl^(-) might be present in the form of(NH_4)_(2)SO_4, NH_4NO_3, NH_4Cl, and KCl. The liquid-phase oxidation of SO_(2) and NO_(2) was severe during the haze period. The relative humidity and pH were the key factors influencing SO_(4)^(2-) formation. We found that NO_(3)^(-) mainly stemmed from homogeneous gas-phase reactions in the daytime and originated from the hydrolysis of N_(2)O_5 in the nighttime, which was inconsistent with previous studies. The PMF model identified five sources of PM_(2.5) : secondary origin(37.8%), vehicular emissions(34.7%), biomass burning(11.5%), coal combustion(9.4%), and crustal dust(6.6%).