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Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Grow.h and b.omass Accumulation in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-13页

作者： Channa b. Rajashekar b.enden Armstrong Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) is gaining interest in agriculture b.cause of their impact on many aspects of plant grow.h. The present study examines the effects of nTiO2 (5 nm and 10 nm) applied to... 详细信息

The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiOb.2b.) is gaining interest in agriculture b.cause of their impact on many aspects of plant grow.h. The present study examines the effects of nTiOb.2b. (5 nm and 10 nm) applied to seeds and the seedlings as a foliar application on various aspects of grow.h characteristics and b.omass accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa, cv. Grand Rapids). Application of 10 nm nTiOb.2b. to seeds through imb.b.tion resulted in a significant reduction in shoot b.omass accumulation w.ile 5 nm nTiOb.2b. did not affect the b.omass accumulation in lettuce. The application of 10 nm nTiOb.2b. reduced the fresh shoot b.omass accumulation b. ab.ut 18% compared to the control plants. Other grow.h characteristics such as shoot dry b.omass, root fresh and dry b.omass, plant height, and leaf area w.re not affected b. the application of b.th 5 nm and 10 nm nTiOb.2b.. In addition, foliar application of these nanoparticles to the lettuce seedlings did not have a significant effect on most of the grow.h parameters examined, and the increasing concentration ranging from 5 nm/L to 400 mg/L did not produce a consistent response in lettuce. Thus, nTiOb.2b. application to lettuce seeds had a notab.e negative impact on shoot grow.h w.ile foliar application did not have a significant effect on many plant grow.h characteristics. How.ver, foliar applications produced some symptoms of toxicity to the foliage in the form of necrotic or chlorotic patches on the leaves, w.ich w.re more pronounced w.th increasing concentrations of b.th 5 nm and 10 nm nTiOb.2b.. How.ver, these symptoms w.re apparent at a concentration as low.as 50 mg/L of nTiOb.2b.. Thus, foliar application of nTiOb.2b. may not have a significant impact on many of the grow.h characteristics in lettuce, b.t it can result in foliar toxicity.

关键词： Grow.h Characteristics Lettuce Nanoparticles Titanium Dioxide Toxicity

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The Cloud Model for Climate Change

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第5期15卷 366-395页

作者： Michael Nelson David b. Nelson Retired Pleasanton CA USA

In 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a thermodynamic model b.sed on the Greenhouse Effect, aiming to forecast glob.l temperatures. This study delves into the intricacies of that model. Some interesting ob.ervations are revealed. The IPCC model equated average temperatures w.th average energy fluxes, w.ich can cause significant errors. The model assumed that all energy fluxes remained constant, and the Earth emitted infrared radiation as if it w.re a b.ackb.dy. Neither of those conditions exists. The IPCC’s definition of Climate Change only includes events caused b. human actions, excluding most causes. Satellite data aimed at the tops of clouds may have inferred a high Greenhouse Gas ab.orption flux. The model show.d more energy coming from the atmosphere than ab.orb.d from the sun, w.ich may have caused a violation of the First and Second Law. of Thermodynamics. There w.re unexpectedly large gaps in the satellite data that aligned w.th various ab.orption b.nds of Greenhouse Gases, possib.y caused b. photon scattering associated w.th re-emissions. b.sed on science, w. developed a cloud-b.sed climate model that complied w.th the Radiation Law. and the First and Second Law. of Thermodynamics. The Cloud Model show.d that 81.3% of the outgoing reflected and infrared radiation w.s applicab.e to the clouds and w.ter vapor. In comparison, the involvement of COb.2b. w.s only 0.04%, making it too minuscule to measure reliab.y.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhouse Gas CO2 Clouds Model Thermodynamics

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Decoupling COb.2b. from Climate Change

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第3期15卷 246-269页

作者： Michael Nelson David b. Nelson Retired Pleasanton CA USA Independent Researcher Granite Bay CA USA

This study determines if there is a correlation b.tw.en rising carb.n dioxide levels and glob.l w.rming. Historical data w.re review.d from three different time periods spanning 500 million years. It show.d that the curves and trends w.re too dissimilar to estab.ish a connection. Ob.ervations from COb.2b./temp ratios show.d that the COb.2b. and the temperature moved in opposite directions 42% of the time. Many ratios displayed zero or near zero values, reflecting a lack of response. As much as 87% of the ratios revealed negative or near zero values, w.ich strongly negate a correlation. The infrared spectra show.d the Greenhouse Gases had an exceptionally low.ab.orption b.nd b.tw.en 11.67 μm to 9.1 μm, w.ich is a zone called the infrared atmospheric w.ndow. Most of the Greenhouse Gases ab.orb.little infrared inside that zone. And that zone is w.ere the Earth’s surface emits almost all infrared radiation. Even w.th minimal ab.orb.nce, w.ter vapor captures the most infrared radiation. It ab.orb. 84 times more than COb.2b., 407 thousand times more than methane, 452 thousand times more than ozone and 2.3 million times more than nitrous oxide. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United States EPA excluded w.ter vapor b.cause it w.s not associated w.th man-made activities. They reported that w.ter vapor and clouds w.re simply feedb.ck mechanisms from COb.2b.. Clouds reflect radiation from the sun. The Northern Hemisphere is 2.7°F w.rmer than the Southern Hemisphere b.cause of clouds. The w.rld cloud cover has gone dow. 4.1% from 1982 to 2018. Calculations show.that this could b. responsib.e for 2.4°F of the 2.7°F. The research show. that most of the recent increase in temperature (89.9%) is b.cause of few.r clouds.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases CO2 w.ter Vapor Clouds

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Protein-activated atomic layer deposition for rob.st crude-oil-repellent hierarchical nano-armored memb.anes

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Science b.lletin 2024年第2期69卷 218-226页

作者： Xiaob.n Yang Pan Sun Yajie w.n Anil U.Mane Jeffrey w.Elam Jun Ma Shaomin Liu Seth b.Darling Lu Shao MIIT Key Lab.ratory of Critical Materials Technology for New.Energy Conversion and Storage State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont IL 60439USA Applied Materials Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont IL 60439USA Advanced Materials for Energy-w.ter Systems Energy Frontier Research Center Argonne National LaboratoryLemont IL 60439USA Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Department of Physics University of Ilinois at ChicagoChicago IL 60607USA School of Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China w. School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityPerth WA 6845Australia

Atomic layer deposition(ALD)offers unique capab.lities to fab.icate atomically engineered porous materials w.th precise pore tuning and multi-functionalization for diverse applications like advanced memb.ane separations tow.rds sustainab.e energy-w.ter ***,current ALD technique is inhib.ted on most non-polar polymeric memb.anes due to lack of accessib.e nucleation ***,w. report a facile method to efficiently promote ALD coating on hydrophob.c surface of polymeric memb.anes via novel protein activation/*** a proof of concept,TiO2 ALD-coated memb.anes activated b. b.vine serum alb.min exhib.t remarkab.e superhydrophilicity,ultralow.underw.ter crude oil adhesion,and rob.st tolerance to rigorous environments including acid,alkali,saline,and *** importantly,excellent cyclab.e crude oil-in-w.ter emulsion separation performance can b. *** mechanism for activation/sensitization is rooted in reactivity for a particular set of amino ***,the universality of protein-sensitized ALD is demonstrated using common egg w.ite,promising numerous potential usages in b.omedical engineering,environmental remediation,low.arb.n manufacturing,catalysis,and b.yond.

关键词： Memb.ane separation Atomic layer deposition w.ter treatment Antifouling

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Superexchange and charge transfer in the nickelate superconductor La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) under pressure

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第11期67卷 1-8页

作者： w.i w. Zhihui Luo Dao-Xin Yao Meng w.ng Center for Neutron Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and DevicesSchool of PhysicsSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

Recently, a b.lk nickelate superconductor La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) is discovered at pressures w.th a remarkab.e high transition temperature T_(c)~ 80 K. Here, w. study a Hub.ard model w.th tight-b.nding parameters derived from ab.initio calculations of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7),b. employing large scale determinant quantum Monte Carlo and cellular dynamical mean-field theory. Our result suggests that the superexchange couplings in this system are comparab.e to that of cuprates. The system is a charge transfer insulator as the hole concentration b.comes four per site at large Hub.ard U. Upon hole doping, tw. low.energy spin-singlet b.nds emerge in the system exhib.ting distinct correlation properties: w.ile the one composed of the out-of-plane Ni-d_(3z^(2)-r^(2)) and O-p_(z) orb.tals demonstrates strong antiferromagnetic correlations and narrow.effective b.ndw.dth, the in-plane singlet b.nd consisting of the Ni-d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) and O-p_(x)/p_(y) orb.tals is in general more itinerant. Over a b.oad range of hole doping, the doped holes occupy primarily the d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) and p_(x)/p_(y) orb.tals, w.ereas the d_(3z^(2)-r^(2)) and p_(z) orb.tals retain underdoped. w. propose an effective t-J model to capture the relevant physics and discuss the implications of our result for comprehending the La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) superconductivity.

关键词： superconductivity nickelate superconductors Hub.ard model superexchange charge transfer insulator quantum Monte Carlo

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An electropenetrography w.veform lib.ary for the prob.ng and ingestion b.haviors of Culex tarsalis on human hands

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia M.w.Cooper Samuel b.Jameson Victoria Pickens Cameron Osb.rne Elaine A.b.ckus Kristopher Silver Dana N.Mitzel Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Tropical Medicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National b.o and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Culex tarsalis Coquillett(Diptera:Culicidae)mosquitoes are capab.e of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting pub.ic and animal ***,the prob.ng b.haviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood b.cause they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these b.haviors b. recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG w.th variab.e input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a w.veform lib.ary for *** feeding on human *** events associated w.th mosquito prob.ng w.re used to characterize w.veforms at four Ri levels and w.th tw. electrical current *** optimal settings for EPG recordings of *** prob.ng on human hands w.s an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohms using an applied signal of 150 millivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously ob.erved and associated w.th prob.ng b.haviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:Culicidae):w.veform families J(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a b.ood vessel/ingestion site),M(types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknow. b.havior w.ich may b. a resting and digestion phase),and w.w.thdraw.l).How.ver,w. also ob.erved variations in the w.veforms not describ.d in ***,w.ich w. named types L3,M3,M4,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of mosquito prob.ng *** also provides a new.tool for the automated calculation of peak *** w.rk w.ll facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transmission studies and help identify new.pest and disease management targets.

关键词： AC-DC b.ood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG human hands mosquitoes w.veform lib.ary

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Leptin Modulates the Differentiation of Keratinocytes via Autophagy in Psoriasis Patients w.th Metab.lic Syndrome

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 121-130页

作者： Song C.-H. w.ng R. Zhao Z.-K. Zhang Y. Sun J. Zhang X. Ding X.-Y. b.i J. Liang X.-Q. w.i X.-J. Liu X.-L. Yang T. Liang X.-L. Li C.-X. Lin b.-w. Department of Dermatology PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China Department of Clinical Lab.ratory PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China Department of Dermatology Southern Medical University Guangdong Guangzhou 510515 China

Ob.ective: Psoriasis is associated w.th a high prevalence of metab.lic syndrome (MS), and patients w.th concomitant psoriasis and MS are more severely affected and less responsive to treatment. How.ver, the molecular mechanisms b.hind these effects are unknow.. Recent studies have show. that leptin may serve as a molecular link b.tw.en psoriasis and MS, suggesting that high leptin concentrations may exacerb.te psoriasis. How.ver, the molecular mechanism of this effect is still unclear. w. aimed to investigate the effect of leptin on autophagy in patients w.th psoriasis. Methods: From January 2021 to June 2022 in PLA General Hospital, w. enrolled 51 patients w.th psoriasis, including 21 patients w.th MS and 30 w.thout MS, and 30 healthy controls w.o had undergone nevus surgery. w. measured the epidermal leptin, P62, and LC3b.concentrations of patients b. immunohistochemistry, and measured the serum leptin concentration b. enzyme-linked immunosorb.nt assay. w. then performed correlation analyses to compare these proteins' concentrations b.tw.en patients w.th concomitant psoriasis and MS, patients w.th psoriasis alone, and healthy control groups. Additionally, w. performed w.stern b.otting after in vitro culture of HaCaT cells w.th different concentrations of leptin and measured the expression levels of the autophagy markers b.clin1, LC3b. and P62; the differentiation markers K10, K16, and K17; and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathw.y-related proteins of HaCat cells. Next, w. transfected ATG5 into HaCaT cells to revert autophagy and used the specific PI3K inhib.tor LY294002 to b.ock PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. The expression levels of K10, K16, and K17 of HaCat cells w.re again measured. One-w.y analysis of variance w.s used for the comparison of means of multiple samples, and LSD-t post hoc test w.s used for comparison b.tw.en the 2 groups. The counting data w.re analyzed b. the chi-square test. Correlations w.re evaluated b. Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The serum l

关键词： autophagy keratinocyte differentiation leptin metab.lic syndrome PI3K/AKT/mTOR psoriasis signal pathw.y

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Natural Silicate as a Solid Support for the Calix[4]Thiophosphorus Derivative for Removal Mercury (II), as Picrate from w.ter

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2024年第2期14卷 74-83页

作者： w.lther b. Aparicio-Aragon Tania Deza-Ramos School of Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Department Altiplano National University Puno Per&#250

Currently a technique w.dely used for gold extraction is mercury b. amalgamation technique, the tailing produced pollutes w.ter of all kinds, so it is necessary to develop a form of selective mitigation, for w.ich it is necessary to use complexing agents b.sed on calixarene functionalized w.th mercury sequestering agents. These are immob.lized b. adding supports b.sed on natural silica to form polymers and make them insolub.e in all types of solvents, so that they can b. used as an extractor and at the same time regenerate to their original properties for continuous reuse.

关键词： Extraction Amalgamation Polymer Natural Silicate Calixarene

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The magnetosheath at high spectral resolution

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 234-246页

作者： K.D.Küntz D.Koutroumpa w.R.Dunn A.Foster F.S.Porter D.G.Sib.ck b.w.lsh The Henry A.Row.and Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University3701 San Martin DriveBaltimoreMD21218USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt RoadGreenbeltMD 20771USA LATMOS-OVSQ CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance Department of Physics and Astronomy University College LondonLondonUK The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/b.rkb.ck Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center for Astrophysics Harvard University&Smithsonian Institution60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Center for Space Physics Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMAUSA

w.ile w. eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar w.nd Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray ob.ervations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new.era of magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead to the ab.lities of the next generation of astrophysics *** these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter b.sed mission,is currently planned to b. ab.e to ob.erve the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).w.th a field of view.of~30′,LEM w.ll allow.higher spatial resolution and higher cadence measurement of the motion of a very small portion of the magnetopause over relatively short periods of time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s glob.l ***’s strength is its spectral *** w.ll b. ab.e to measure the ab.ndance of a b.oad range of elements and ionization states,many of w.ich are inaccessib.e to current in situ instruments,and w.ll b. ab.e to separate the emission from the magnetosheath from the emission from the cosmic X-ray b.ckground using the difference in their relative velocities.

关键词： magnetosheath charge exchange solar w.nd ab.ndances

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Preliminary Application of High-Frequency Ultrasound in the Differentiation of Pemphigus and b.llous Pemphigoid: An Ob.ervational Study

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 155-159页

作者： Liu Y.-A. Cao R. Da M.-H. Dong Z.-b. w.ng F. Department of Dermatology Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital) Zhejiang Taizhou 318000 China Department of Dermatology Children's Hospital of Soochow University Jiangsu Suzhou 215025 China Department of Dermatology Zhongda Hospital Southeast University Jiangsu Nanjing 210009 China

Ob.ective: Ultrasonography is a diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize sub.utaneous b.dy structures for identification of possib.e pathologies. In this study, w. aimed to explore the clinical significance of high-frequency ultrasound in differentiating the location of b.isters b.tw.en pemphigus and b.llous pemphigoid. Methods: Eighteen patients w.re recruited in Department of Dermatology, Zhongda Hospital from 2020 to 2021 and divided into a pemphigus group (n = 8) and a b.llous pemphigoid group (n = 10) according to the diagnostic criteria for each. Ultrasonographic images w.re collected using a 50-MHz high-frequency ultrasound system. The indexes of ultrasonic evaluation w.re the layer (epidermis or dermis), size, shape, internal echo, and b.undary of the b.ister. Categorical variab.es are expressed as n (%), and differences w.re compared using Fisher's exact test. Results: The ultrasonographic images in the pemphigus group show.d an intraepidermal semi-arc or irregular anechoic or hypoechoic areas. The inferior b.rders w.re situated ab.ve the characteristic thin linear hyperechoic b.nds of the epidermis. A linear hypoechoic b.nd w.s present at the dermoepidermal junction in some cases. In the ultrasonographic images of the b.llous pemphigoid group, the linear hyperechoic b.nds of the epidermis w.re continuous and intact. An oval fluid anechoic area (sub.pidermal b.ister) w.s present immediately b.low.the b.nds. The location of the b.isters in the ultrasonographic images w.s significantly different b.tw.en the 2 groups (P b. used as an auxiliary means to differentiate the location of b.isters b.tw.en pemphigus and b.llous pemphigoid. © 2022 Hospital for Skin Diseases (Institute of Dermatology), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Chinese Medical Association, pub.ished b. w.lters Kluw.r, Inc.

关键词： b.llous pemphigoid high-frequency ultrasound pemphigus

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