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Distribution and changes of active layer thickness(ALT) and soil tem.erature(TTOP) in the source area of the Yellow River using the GIPL m.del

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第8期57卷 1834-1845页

作者： LUO DongLiang JIN HuiJun Sergei m.RCHENKO vladimir ROm.NOVSKY State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks Alaska 99775 USA

Active layer thickness（ALT） is critical to the understanding of the surface energy balance, hydrological cycles, plant growth, and cold region engineering projects in perm.frost regions. The tem.erature at the bottom.of the active layer, a boundary layer between the equilibrium.therm.l state（in perm.frost below） and transient therm.l state（in the atm.sphere and surface canopies above）, is an im.ortant param.ter to reflect the existence and therm.l stability of perm.frost. In this study, the Geophysical Institute Perm.frost m.del（GIPL） was used to m.del the spatial distribution of and changes in ALT and soil tem.erature in the Source Area of the Yellow River（SAYR）, where continuous, discontinuous, and sporadic perm.frost coexists with seasonally frozen ground. m.nthly air tem.eratures downscaled from.the CRU TS3.0 datasets, m.nthly snow depth derived from.the passive m.crowave rem.te-sensing data Sm.R and SSm.I, and vegetation patterns and soil properties at scale of 1：1000000 were used as input data after m.dified with GIS techniques. The m.del validation was carried out carefully with in-situ ALT in the SAYR interpolated from.the field-m.asured soil tem.erature data. The results of the m.del indicate that the average ALT in the SAYR has significantly increased from.1.8 m.in 1980 to 2.4 m.in 2006 at an average rate of 2.2 cm.yr–1. The m.an annual tem.erature at the bottom.of the active layer, or tem.erature at the top of perm.frost（TTOP） rose substantially from.–1.1°C in 1980 to –0.6°C in 2006 at an average rate of 0.018°C yr–1. The increasing rate of the ALT and TTOP has accelerated since 2000. Regional warm.ng and degradation of perm.frost has also occurred, and the changes in the areal extent of regions with a sub-zero TTOP shrank from.2.4×104 to 2.2×104 km. at an average rate of 74 km. yr–1. Changes of ALT and tem.erature have adversely affected the environm.ntal stability in the SAYR.

关键词： GIPL m.del active layer thickness TTOP degradation of perm.frost

Suppressing tawny crazy ant (Nylanderia fulva) by RNAi technology

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 113-121页

作者： Jia m.ng Jiaxin Lei Andrew Davitt Jocelyn RHolt Jian Huang Roger gold Edward L Vargo Aaron m.arone Keyan Zhu-Salzm.n College of Plant Protection Fujian Agricultural and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina Departm.nt of Entom.logy Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA Institute for Plant Genom.cs&Biotechnology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA

A bstract The tawny crazy ant(Nylanderia fulva)is a new invasive pest in the United *** present,its m.nagem.nt m.inly relies on the use of synthetic insecticides,which are generally ineffective at producing lasting control of the pest,necessitating alternative environm.ntally friendly *** this study,we evaluated the feasibility of gene silencing to control this ant *** housekeeping genes encoding actin(NfActin),coatom.r subunit β (NfCOPP),arginine kinase(NfArgK),and V-type proton ATPase subunits A(NfvATPaseA),B(NfvATPaseB)and E(NfvATPaseE)were *** analysis revealed high sequence sim.larity to hom.logs from.other ant species,particularly the Florida carpenter ant(Cam.onotus floridanus).To silence these genes,vector L4440 was used to generate six specific RNAi constructs for bacterial ***-inactivated,dsRNA-expressing Escherichia coli were incorporated into artificial *** ants exhibited reduced endogenous gene expression after feeding on such diet for 9 ***,only ingestion of dsRNAs of NfCOPfi(a gene involved in protein trafficking)and NfArgK(a cellular energy reserve regulatory gene in invertebrates)caused m.dest but significantly higher ant m.rtality than the *** results suggest that bacterially expressed dsRNA can be orally delivered to ant cells as a m.an to target its *** efficacy is necessary for the RNAi-based approach to be useful in tawny crazy ant m.nagem.nt.

关键词： artificial diet gene silencing housekeeping gene Nylanderia fulva RNAi survival rate

Petrochem.cal Characteristics and Tim.ng of m.ddle Eocene Granitic m.gm.tism.in Kooh-Shah, Lut Block, Eastern Iran

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第4期87卷 1032-1044页

作者： m.ryam.ABDI m. H. KARIm.OUR Departm.nt of Geology Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Research Center for Ore Deposit of Eastern Iran Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

The Kooh-Shah region located in a Tertiary volcanic-plutonic belt of the Lut Block in eastern Iran com.rises several subvolcanic interm.diate to acidic intrusive rocks, diorite to syenite in com.osition, which have intruded into volcanic rocks. The Kooh-Shah granitoid rocks are characterized by enrichm.nt in large ion-lithophile elem.nts （LILE： e.g. Sr, Ba, Rb） and depletion in high field-strength elem.nts （HFSE： e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti）. The chondrite-norm.lized REE patterns are characterized by m.derate LREE enrichm.nt （La/Yb）N=6.01-10.01, m.dium.heavy REE enrichm.nt, and absence of Eu anom.lies. The Kooh-Shah intrusive rocks are m.talum.nous, shoshonitic with calc-alkaline affinity and high values of m.gnetic susceptibility, and classified as the m.gnetite-series of oxidant I-type granitoids. The age of Kooh-Shah granitoid rocks based on zircon U-Pb age dating is 39.7±0.7 m. （=m.ddle Eocene） and the ranges of their initial 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios are from.0.704812 to 0.704920 and 0.512579 to 0.512644, respectively, when recalculated to an age of 39 m.. The initial ？Nd isotope values for the Kooh-Shah intrusive rocks range from.-0.18 to 1.09. This geochem.cal data indicates that the Kooh-Shah granitoid rocks form.d from.depleted m.ntle in an island arc setting. The geochem.cal signature of the studied granitoid rocks represents a characteristic guide for future exploration of copper-gold porphyry-type deposits in the Lut block.

关键词： geochem.stry igneous rocks granitoids m.gm.tism Lut Block Iran

Ferroelectricity Induced by Oxygen Vacancies in Rhom.ohedral ZrO_(2) Thin Film.

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Energy & Environm.ntal m.terials 2024年第1期7卷 229-237页

作者： Veniero Lenzi José P.B.Silva Břetislav Šm.d vladimir m.toín Cosm.n m.Istrate Corneliu Ghica Judith L.m.cm.nus-Driscoll Luís m.rques Physics Center of m.nho and Porto Universities(CF-Um.UP) University of MinhoCampus de Gualtar 4710-057Braga Portugal Laboratory of Physics for m.terials and Em.rgent Technologies LapMETUniversity of Minho4710-057Braga Portugal Departm.nt of Surface and Plasm. Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8 Czech Republic National Institute of m.terials Physics 105 bis Atomistilor 077125Magurele Romania Departm.nt of m.terials Science and m.tallurgy 27 Charles Babbage Rd.Cambridge CB3 OFSUK

Rhom.ohedral phase Hf_(x)Zr_(1.x)O_(2)(HZO,x from.0 to 1)film. are prom.sing for achieving robust ferroelectric polarization without the need for an initial wake-up pre-cycling,as is norm.lly the case for the m.re com.only studied orthorhom.ic ***,a large spontaneous polarization observed in rhom.ohedral film. is not fully understood,and there are also large discrepancies between experim.ntal and theoretical *** this work,in rhom.ohedral ZrO_(2)thin film.,we show that oxygen vacancies are not only a key factor for stabilizing the phase,but they are also a source of ferroelectric polarization in the *** is shown experim.ntally through the investigation of the structural properties,chem.cal com.osition and the ferroelectric properties of the film. before and after an annealing at m.derate tem.erature(400℃)in an oxygen environm.nt to reduce the V_(o)concentration *** experim.ntal work is supported by density functional theory(DFT)calculations which show that the rhom.ohedral phase is the m.st stable one in highly oxygen defective ZrO_(2)*** DFT calculations also show that V_(o)contribute to the ferroelectric *** findings reveal the im.ortance of V_(o)for stabilizing rhom.ohedral ZrO_(2)thin film. with superior ferroelectric properties.

关键词： charged defects ferroelectric polarization rhom.ohedral phase stability zirconia

Reconstructions of m.del equations of tim.-delay system.from.short experim.ntal tim. series

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International Journal of m.deling, Sim.lation, and Scientific Com.uting 2020年第2期11卷 91-99页

作者： Anatoly S.Karavaev Yurii m.Ishbulatov Ekaterina I.Borovkova Danil D.Kulm.nskiy vladimir S.Khorev Anton R.Kiselev vladimir I.Ponom.renko vladimir I.Gridnev m.khail D.Prokhorov Boris P.Bezruchko Departm.nt of Dynam.c m.deling and Biom.dical Engineering Saratov State University 83 Astrakhanskaya Street Saratov410012Russia Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynam.cs m.deling Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academ. of Sciences 38 Zelyonaya Street Saratov410019Russia Departm.nt of New Cardiological Inform.tional Technologies Institute of Cardiological Research Saratov State m.dical University 112 Bolshaya Kazachaya StreetSaratov410012Russia

This study aim. to investigate the scope of m.thods for the reconstruction of tim.-delay *** consider an approach to the reconstruction of tim.-delay system. based on the synchronous response of the driven system.with the structure sim.lar to the structure of the studied *** approach is used for the recovery of the param.ters of tim.delay system. from.short and noisy tim. *** show the operational perform.nce and capabilities of this approach,the param.ters were reconstructed for a radiophysical chaotic generator with quadratic nonlinearity and for the m.del of a system.for the baroreflectory regulation of the m.an arterial pressure.

关键词： Tim.-delay system. reconstruction chaos radiophysical experim.nt

Transfer of m.tion through a m.croelectrom.chanical linkage at nanom.ter and m.croradian scales

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m.crosystem. & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 106-115页

作者： Craig R.Copeland Craig D.m.Gray Jon Geist vladimir A.Aksyuk Sam.el m.Stavis Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA m.ryland Nanocenter University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Engineering Physics Division National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA m.dern m.crosystem. Silver SpringMD 20904USA

m.chanical linkages are fundam.ntally im.ortant for the transfer of m.tion through assem.lies of parts to perform.*** their behavior in m.croscale system. is well understood,there are open questions regarding the perform.nce and reliability of linkages with m.ving parts in contact within m.croscale *** challenges im.ede experim.ntal studies to answer such *** this study,we develop a novel com.ination of optical m.croscopy m.thods that enable the first quantitative m.asurem.nts at nanom.ter and m.croradian scales of the transfer of m.tion through a m.croelectrom.chanical *** track surface features and fluorescent nanoparticles as optical indicators of the m.tion of the underlying parts of the *** m.dels allow precise characterization of the electrotherm.l actuation of the *** transfer of m.tion between translating and rotating links can be nearly ideal,depending on the operating *** coupling and decoupling of the links agree with an ideal kinem.tic m.del to within approxim.tely 5%,and the rotational output is perfectly repeatable to within approxim.tely 20 ***,stiction can result in nonideal kinem.tics,and input noise on the scale of a few m.llivolts produces an asym.etric interaction of electrical noise and m.chanical play that results in the nondeterm.nistic transfer of *** study establishes a new approach towards testing the perform.nce and reliability of the transfer of m.tion through assem.lies of m.croscale parts,opening the door to future studies of com.lex m.crosystem..

关键词： Electrotherm.l linkage m.croelectrom.chanical nanoparticle noise rotation tracking translation

Sensing Characteristics of m.xed-Potential-Type YSZ-Based NO_x Sensor Using Au-Doped NiO Sensing Electrode

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稀有金属材料与工程 2006年第A03期35卷 36-39页

作者： vladimir V.Plashnitsa Taro Ueda Norio m.ura Art Science and Technology Center for Cooperative ResearchKyushu UniversityKasuga-ShiFukuoka 816-8580Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu UniversityKasuga-shiFukuoka 816-8580Japan

The nano-structured NiO powder obtained by sol-gel m.thod was doped with 10 wt% gold in order to m.dify its m.rphology as well as its electrochem.cal catalytic *** NO_x sensing characteristics of m.xed-potential-type YSZ-based planar sensors attached with each of the nano-NiO and the Au-doped nano-NiO m.terials as a sensing electrode SE) were exam.ned at tem.eratures of 700℃～800℃.The Au-doped NiO-SE was found to give a large enhancem.nt in the NO_2 sensitivity as well as the NO_2 selectivity at 800℃under wet condition,in com.arison with the pure *** reason for the im.rovem.nt in the NO_2 sensitivity was exam.ned based on the data of polarization curves,im.edance spectra and catalytic activity for the gas-phase NO_2 decom.osition.

关键词： NO_x sensor m.xed potential NiO nanostructure YSZ Au

Novel Biom.terial for NCT - “Rigid” Particles of (DNA-gadolinium. Liquid-Crystalline Dispersions

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Journal of Biom.terials and Nanobiotechnology 2011年第3期2卷 281-292页

作者： Yuri m. Yevdokim.v Victor I. Salyanov Sergey V. Akulinichev vladimir m. Skorkin Pavel V. Spirin Nataliya N. Orlova vladimir I. Popenko vladimir S. Prassolov 不详

The form.tion and physico-chem.cal properties of biom.terial, based on double-stranded (ds) DNA m.lecules and bearing high concentration of gadolinium. is described. This “rigid” biom.terial dem.nstrate a few unique properties: (i) the ds DNA m.lecules form.ng com.lexes with gadolinium.are fixed in the spatial structure of “rigid” particles, (ii) an abnorm.l negative band in the circular dichroism.spectrum.perm.ts to follow the form.tion of this biom.terial;(iii) local concentration gadolinium.in the content of biom.terial can reach 40%. These properties show that we are dealing with a novel type of biom.terial strongly enriched by gadolinium. This opens a gateway for practical application of this biom.terial for neutron-capture reactions. A first attem.t to apply this m.terial for neutron-capture reaction in com.ination with neutron generator of therm.l neutron flux was perform.d. Positive result obtained at destruction of CHO cells allows one to state that the advantages of this biom.terial are a sim.le m.nipulation with it, a possibility to adjust its gadolinium.content, long-term.stability of its physico-chem.cal properties, as well as a reduced cost of neutron-capture experim.nt.

关键词： Liquid-Crystalline DNA Dispersions Cholesterics Circular Dichroism Spectrum Gadolinium Neutron-Capture Therapy

Ascending reticular activating system.of the brain

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Translational Neuroscience and Clinics 2016年第4期2卷 275-285页

作者： vladimir m.Kovalzon Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences

There were two stages in the history of the studies on ascending reticular activating system.of the brain(ARAS). The first stage began with the ARAS discovery by m.goun and m.ruzzi and the following investigations using the m.thods of stim.lation and lesion at that tim. m.inly in acute cats. These studies led to the hypothesis of a "diffuse"and "unspecific" ARAS of the brain stem. The second stage was associated with using m.re precise neurophysiological and histochem.cal m.thods m.inly in chronically operated free-m.ving cats and rats. By 2010, the idea of the ARAS as an organized hierarchy of the cerebral "waking centers" distributed along the entire cerebral axis and releasing all the known neurom.diators of low m.lecular weight together with the m.st im.ortant neuropeptides was form.lated. To date, the aforem.ntioned hypothesis has been revised again. The glutam.tergic activating system.has been discovered and described in detail. Presum.bly, this system.is responsible for the appearance of electroencephalogram.EEG) arousal reaction and m.intenance of the neocortex in the state of tonic depolarization during wakefulness and rapid eye m.vem.nt(REm.sleep. Its destruction results in a deep com.tose-like state. At the sam. tim., the activity of all other "waking centers" is probably the result of the cortical activation.

关键词： ascending reticular activating system brain