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Evaluation of potential surface instability using finite element method in Kharsali Village,Yamuna Valley,Northwest Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第8期14卷 1666-1676页

作者： Imlirenla JAMIR Vikram GUPTA vipin KUMAR Glenn T.THONG Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology department of Geology Nagaland UniversityKohima Campus

Kharsali village, located in the Northwest Himalaya near the confluence of the Yamuna River and Unta Gad, is situated on a thick(>150 m) paleolandslide deposit. The village is continuously being eroded at its base by the two rivers. Cracks are noted in most houses while the ancient Shani Temple lying to the south of the village has tilted ~5° towards the northeast. Three slope sections(S-1, S-2, S-3) were modelled and analysed to determine the displacement and shear strain patterns of the slopes. Based on surface failure conditions, potential slope instability of the Kharsali village was evaluated from 2d Finite Element Method(FEM) using Shear Strain Reduction(SSR) analysis in the Phase2 software. Results indicate a critical Stress Reduction Factor(SRF) of 1.5 for the southern edge of the village(S-1) housing the Shani Temple. The development of failure surfaces at its lower portion signifies the propagating, progressive nature of the slope. The S-2 slope section is most vulnerable to slope failure, with a critical SRF of 1.08. This has been inferred by the formation of failure surfaces with displacements of 0.05-0.08 m. The S-3 section in the northern part of the Kharsali shows highest critical SRF of 2.76. The un-metalled road section in the north of the village near S-3 hasdeveloped a failure surface with displacement of 0.003-0.004 m, and a zone of subsidence. The S-3 section is relatively stable, whereas the S-2 section is the most vulnerable portion of the village.

关键词： Finite element method Kharsali Yamuna valley Landslide Slope stability NorthwestHimalaya

A cautionary note on decadal sea level pressure predictions from GCMs

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2018年第1期9卷 43-56页

作者： Stefan LIESS Peter K.SNYdER Arjun KUMAR vipin KUMAR department of Earth Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455USA department of Soil Waterand ClimateUniversity of MinnesotaSt.Paul MN 55108USA Computer Science&Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455USA

A comparison of sea level pressure(SLP)trends in a subset of seven Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP)phase 5 general circulation models(GCM),namely decadal simulations with CCSM4,CanCM4,MPI-ESM-LR,FGOALS-g2,MIROC4h,MIROC5,and MRICGCM3,to their CMIP3 counterparts reveals an unrealistically strong forecast skill in CMIP3 models for trend predictions for 2001e2011 when using the 1979e2000 period to train the ***-winter SLP trends over five high-,mid-,and low-latitude zones were calculated over the 1979e2000 initialization period for each ensemble member and then ranked based on their performance relative to HadSLP2 *** same method is used to rank the ensemble members during the 2001e2011 *** CMIP3,17 out of 38 ensemble members retain their rank in the 2001e2011 hindcast period and 3 retain the neighboring ***,numbers are much lower in more recent CMIP5 decadal predictions over the similar 2001e2010 period when using the 1981e2000 period as initialization with the same number of *** periods were used for CMIP3 and CMIP5 because although the 1979e2000 initialization is widely used for CMIP3,CMIP5 decadal predictions are only available for 30-year *** conclusion to consider the forecast skill in CMIP3 predictions during 2001e2011 as unrealistic is corroborated by comparisons to earlier periods from the 1960s to the 1980s in both CMIP3 and CMIP5 ***,although the 2001e2011 CMIP3 predictions show statistically significant forecast skill,this skill should be treated as a spurious result that is unlikely to be reproduced by newer more accurate GCMs.

关键词： sea level pressure CMIP3 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project

Gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Plumeria alba Linn. leaves in rats

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第1期12卷 42-51页

作者： Manjusha Choudhary vipin Kumar Surender Singh Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kurukshetra University All India Institute of Medical Sciences

OBJECTIVE： This study was conducted to evaluate the antiulcerogenic property of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Plumeria alba Linn. METHOdS： Antiulcer assays were performed using the protocols of ulcer induced by non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ethanol and pylorus ligation. The hydroalcoholic extract （HAPA）, and various fractions of HAPA like, n-hexane extract （HPA）, ethyl acetate extract （EAPA） and n-butanol extract （BPA） were administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for HAPA and 100 and 200 mg/kg for fractions of extracts. Parameters of gastric secretion （volume, pH, total protein, and free and total acidity） were determined by the pylorus ligation model. Parameters like aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also determined in ethanol- induced ulcer model. To determine the mechanism of action, role of nitric oxide was also evaluated. RESULTS： EAPA and BPA （100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.） showed gastric ulcer-healing effect in indomethacin-induced ulcer model, while HAPA （200 mg/kg） and HPA showed no significant antiulcer effect. Both EAPA and BPA showed gastric cytoprotective effect in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and inhibited gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. CONCLUSION： The results of the present study show that some hydroalcoholic extract of Plumeria alba L. displays antiulcer activity, as demonstrated by the significant inhibition of ulcer formation induced by different models, which is consistent with the literature report in folk medicine.

关键词： Plumeria anti-ulcer agents plant extracts rats

Invariant natural killer T cells contribute to chronic-plus-binge ethanol-mediated liver injury by promoting hepatic neutrophil infiltration

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第2期13卷 206-216页

作者： Stephanie Mathews dechun Feng Igor Maricic Cynthia Ju vipin Kumar Bin Gao Laboratory of Liver diseases National institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA Laboratory of Autoimmunity Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies San Diego CA USA Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Integrated Immunology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA

Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of alcoholic steatohepatitis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously reported that chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding synergistically induces hepatic recruitment of neutrophils, which contributes to liver injury. In this paper, we investigated the roles of invariant natural killer T （iNKT） cells in chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding-induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration and liver injury. Wild-type and two strains of iNKT cell-deficient mice （Cdld- and Ja18-deficient mice） were subjected to chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding. Liver injury and inflammation were examined. Chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding synergistically increased the number of hepatic iNKT cells and induced their activation, compared with chronic feeding or binge alone, iNKT cell-deficient mice were protected from chronic-plus-binge ethanol-induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration and liver injury. Moreover, chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding markedly upregulated the hepatic expression of several genes associated with inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in wild-type mice, but induction of these genes was abrogated in iNKT cell-deficient mice. Importantly, several cytokines and chemokines （e.g., MIP-2, MIP-1, IL-4, IL-6 and osteopontin） involved in neutrophil infiltration were upregulated in hepatic NKT cells isolated from chronic-plus-binge ethanol-fed mice compared to pair-fed mice. Finally, treatment with Cdld blocking antibody, which blocks iNKT cell activation, partially prevented chronic-plus-binge ethanol-induced liver injury and inflammation. Chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding activates hepatic iNKT cells, which play a critical role in the development of early alcoholic liver injury, in part by releasing mediators that recruit neutrophils to the liver, and thus, iNKT cells represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.

关键词： alcoholic hepatitis Cdld inflammation liver

Maternal low protein diet and fetal programming of lean type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of diabetes 2022年第3期13卷 185-202页

作者： Vidyadharan Alukkal vipin Chellakkan Selvanesan Blesson Chandra Yallampalli department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Family Fertility Center Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTX 77030United States

Maternal nutrition is found to be the key factor that determines fetal health in utero and metabolic health during *** diseases have been primarily attributed to impaired maternal nutrition during pregnancy,and impaired nutrition has been an immense issue across the *** recent years,type 2 diabetes(T2d)has reached epidemic proportion and is a severe public health problem in many *** plenty of research has already been conducted to tackle T2d which is associated with obesity,little is known regarding the etiology and pathophysiology of lean T2d,a variant of *** studies have focused on the effects of epigenetic variation on the contribution of in utero origins of lean T2d,although other mechanisms might also contribute to the *** studies in humans and experiments in animals strongly suggest an association between maternal low protein diet and lean T2d *** addition,clear sex-specific disease prevalence was observed in different ***,more research is essential for the understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of lean T2d,which might help to develop better disease prevention and treatment *** review examines the role of protein insufficiency in the maternal diet as the central driver of the developmental programming of lean T2d.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Maternal low protein diet Fetal programming Lean diabetes developmental origin of health and disease

Prevention of macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Review of cardiovascular safety and efficacy of newer diabetes medications

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World Journal of diabetes 2019年第6期10卷 324-332页

作者： Ravi Kant Kashif M Munir Arshpreet Kaur vipin Verma division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition Medical University of South Carolina/Anmed Campus Anderson SC 29621 United States division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 United States division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition Sinai Hospital Baltimore MD 21215 United States department of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina/Anmed Campus Anderson SC 29621 United States

Lack of conclusive beneficial effects of strict glycemic control on macrovascular complications has been very frustrating for clinicians involved in care of patients with diabetes mellitus (dM). Highly publicized controversy surrounding cardiovascular (CV) safety of rosiglitazone resulted in major changes in United States Food and drug Administration policy in 2008 regarding approval process of new antidiabetic medications, which has resulted in revolutionary data from several large CV outcome trials over the last few years. All drugs in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor classes have shown to be CV safe with heterogeneous results on CV efficacy. Given twofold higher CV disease mortality in patients with dM than without dM, GLP-1 RAs and SGLT-2-inhibitors are important additions to clinician’s armamentarium and should be second line-therapy particularly in patients with T2dM and established atherosclerotic CV disease or high risks for CV disease. Abundance of data and heterogeneity in CV outcome trials results can make it difficult for clinicians, particularly primary care physicians, to stay updated with all the recent evidence. The scope of this comprehensive review will focus on all major CV outcome studies evaluating CV safety and efficacy of GLP-1 RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors.

关键词： Newer antidiabetic medications Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors Type 2 diabetes mellitus Macrovascular complications Cardiovascular outcome trials Major cardiovascular events Heart failure Prevention of heart disease

A study on utilization of anti-asthmatic drugs at a medical college hospital in India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第1期3卷 70-73页

作者： Shalini Ravichandran vipin Mathew Vijesh Shaheer Noushad Abdul Nazer Ali Ravichandran Veerasamy department of Pharmacy Practice The Erode College of PharmacyErodeTamilnaduIndia Faculty of Pharmacy AIMST UniversitySemeling-08100KedahMalaysia

Objective:To study the usage of anti-asthmatic dugs and enumerate the patients’ noncompliance. Methods:The study was conducted from 5th Feb,2006 to 5th Mar,*** samples were from the general medicine *** patients with respiratory tract infection who received anti-asthmatic drugs were included in the *** were collected from clinical notes and structured patient’s data,and patient interview utilizing a piloted questionnaire data collection *** questionnaire included patient demographics,anti-asthmatics prescribed, dose,frequency and previous treatment if any and its duration,concomitant medications etc. Results:26.31%of patients were 61-70 years *** 57 patients,91.23%of patients received multi-therapy,8.77%of patients received mono-therapy,59.65%of patients took over the counter(OTC) drugs and 57.89%of patients were non ***-asthmatic drugs were prescribed to asthmatic patients as oral,inhalation and others(injections),and more than one route were used for administration of ***:The anti-asthmatics are used to treat breathing difficulties such as *** compliance to treatment is common among the patients,which makes it difficult to manage asthma and increases both morbidity and *** is suggested that interventions have to be done by providing counseling and improving the current prescribing trend for better and rational utilization.

关键词： drug utilization Anti-asthmatics Non-compliance Counseling

Multiple splenic infarcts in acute Plasmodium vivax malaria:A rare case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第5期6卷 416-418页

作者： Hari Krishan Aggarwal deepak Jain vipin Kaverappa Promil Jain Ashwani Kumar Sachin Yadav department of Medicine Pt.B.D.Sharma University of Health SciencesRohtak-124001HaryanaIndia department of Pathology Pt.B.D.Sharma University of Health SciencesRohtak-124001HaryanaIndia

In tropical countries like India,malaria has been one of the most common parasitic illnesses leading to frequent hospitalization and causing major economic burden among the masses. Although Plasmodium vivax infection is considered to be benign,in contrast to Plasmodium, falciparum infection which is notorious for its severe splenic complications can occur frequently. Splenomegaly tends not to receive special attention,as it is not usually accompanied by any symptoms and can be gradually resolved via standard antimalarial *** infarction, although rarely attributable to malaria in an endemic region with high parasitemia,can be a rare presentation of this disease entity.

关键词： Malaria Splenic infarcts Plasmodium vivax

Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Hiene： an overview

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第5期16卷 299-311页

作者： Neeraj K. Sethiya Nasir M. Ahmed Raeesh M. Shekh Vivek Kumar Pawan Kumar Singh vipin Kumar National Innovation Foundation-India Amrapur Crambharti Mahudi Road Candhinagar 382 650 Gujarat India

This article explores the most recent evidence-based information on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological understanding of Hygrophila auriculata for the treatment of various diseases and health conditions. Various ethnomedicinal writings suggest the use of the plant or its parts for the treatment of jaundice, oedema, gastrointestinal ailments, diarrhoea, dysentery, urinogenital disorder, gall stones, urinary calculi, kidney stone, leucorrhoea, rheumatism, tuberculosis, anaemia, body pain, constipation, skin disease, and as an aphrodisiac. The plant has been reported to contain flavonoids （apigenin, luteolin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and quercetin）, alkaloids （asteracanthine and asteracanthicine）, triterpenes （lupeol, lupenone, hentricontane and betulin）, sterols （stigmasterol and asterol）, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, aliphatic esters and essential oils. Extracts and bioactive compounds from the plant have been found to possess antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antitermite, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, central nervous system protective, antitumour, antidiabetic, anticataract, antioxidant, haematopoietic, diuretic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimotility, aphrodisiac, neuroprotection, anti- endotoxin and anti-urolithiatic activities. For this paper, we reviewed patents, clinical studies, analytical studies and marketed formulations from the earliest found examples from 1887 to the end of 2017.

关键词： Ethnomedicine Hygrophila auriculata Pharmacology Phytochemical