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Targets of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: An update

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第1期14卷 140-157页

作者： vikrant rai Sandeep Mukherjee Department of Translational Research Western University of Health SciencesPomonaCA 91766United States Department of Medicine Creighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68124United States

Hepatocellular carcinoma,the most common primary liver cancer,in an immunogenic tumor with a poor prognosis because these tumors are diagnosed at late ***,surgical resection,ablation,liver transplant,and locoregional therapies are available for early stages;however,there are yet no effective treatment for advanced and recurrent *** checkpoint inhibitor therapy and adoptive cell transfer therapy has gained the popularity with some positive results because these therapies overcome anergy and systemic immune ***,still there is a lack of an effective treatment and thus there is an unmet need of a novel *** present,the focus of the research is on oncolytic viral therapy and combination therapy where therapies including radiotherapy,immune checkpoint therapy,adoptive cell transfer therapy,and vaccines are combined to get an additive or synergistic effect enhancing the immune response of the liver with a cytotoxic effect on tumor *** review discusses the recent key development,the basis of drug resistance,immune evasion,immune tolerance,the available therapies based on stage of the tumor,and the ongoing clinical trials on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy,adoptive cell transfer therapy,oncolytic viral vaccine therapy,and combination therapy.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Adoptive cell therapy Oncolytic vaccines Combination therapy

Future applications of exosomes delivering resolvins and cytokines in facilitating diabetic foot ulcer healing

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第1期14卷 35-47页

作者： Joshua P B Littig Rebecca Moellmer Devendra K Agrawal vikrant rai Translational Research Western University of Health SciencesPomonaCA 91766United States College of Podiatry Western University of Health SciencesPomonaCA 91766United States

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)increases the risk of many lethal and debilitating *** them,foot ulceration due to neuropathy,vascular disease,or trauma affects the quality of life of millions in the United States and around the *** wound healing is stalled in the inflammatory phase by the chronicity of inflammation without proceeding to the resolution *** advanced treatment,diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)are associated with a risk of ***,there is a need for novel therapies to address chronic inflammation,decreased angiogenesis,and impaired granulation tissue formation contributing to the non-healing of *** have shown promising results with resolvins(Rv)and anti-inflammatory therapies that resolve inflammation and enhance tissue *** many of these studies have encountered difficulty in the delivery of Rv in terms of efficiency,tissue targetability,and *** review summarized the perspective of optimizing the therapeutic application of Rv and cytokines by pairing them with exosomes as a novel strategy for targeted tissue delivery to treat non-healing chronic *** articles discussing the T2DM disease state,current research on Rv for treating inflammation,the role of Rv in enhancing wound healing,and exosomes as a delivery vehicle were critically reviewed to find support for the proposition of using Rv and exosomes in combination for DFUs *** literature reviewed suggests the beneficial role of Rv and exosomes and exosomes loaded with antiinflammatory agents as promising therapeutic agents in ulcer healing.

关键词： Diabetic foot ulcer Chronic inflammation Amputation Exosomes Cytokines Resolvins

高速火焰喷涂VC-CuNiCr涂层的耐腐蚀性能

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第5期31卷 1385-1397页

作者： SINGH vikrant BANSAL Anuj SINGLA Anil Kumar KUMAR Vijay Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Longowal Sangrur 148106India Industrial and Production Engineering Department Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandhar 144011India

本研究采用高速火焰喷涂(HVOF)沉积技术,将碳化钒(VC)和铜镍铬(CuNiCr)复合涂层应用于SS316不锈钢上,以解决不锈钢在海洋环境中的腐蚀问题。在室温环境下,在3.5%氯化钠溶液中进行电化学腐蚀,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散光谱(EDS... 详细信息

本研究采用高速火焰喷涂(HVOF)沉积技术,将碳化钒(VC)和铜镍铬(CuNiCr)复合涂层应用于SS316不锈钢上,以解决不锈钢在海洋环境中的腐蚀问题。在室温环境下,在3.5%氯化钠溶液中进行电化学腐蚀,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散光谱(EDS)对有涂层和未覆涂层样品的表面形貌进行检测。结果表明,涂层内由铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)和铬(Cr)组成的金属间黏合剂在氯化钠介质的影响下发生变质,从而导致出现衬底间的局部点蚀现象。有趣的是,在涂层配方中加入碳化钒(VC)显著地增强了表面的耐腐蚀性能,从而阻止了密闭腐蚀凹坑的出现。在不同类的涂层中,加入VC的效果最好,最小的腐蚀速率为72.38×10^(-3)mm/a,相比之下,SS316基底的腐蚀速率最快。

关键词：高速火焰喷涂碳化钒铜镍铬电化学腐蚀氯化钠溶液

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碱改性铜锰尖晶石室温催化氧化空气中甲醛

Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第5期60卷 337-350页

作者： Yongbiao Hua Kumar vikrant Ki-Hyun Kim Philippe M.Heynderickx Danil W.Boukhvalov 汉阳大学土木与环境工程系韩国首尔根特大学国际校区环境与能源研究中心催化与表征材料工程韩国仁川根特大学生物科学工程学院绿色化学与技术系比利时根特京林业大学理学院材料物理与化学研究所江苏南京210037 拉尔联邦大学物理与技术研究所俄罗斯叶卡捷琳堡

甲醛(FA)作为一种有致癌风险的有害污染物,在室内环境中普遍存在.为了高效去除甲醛,催化氧化技术成为了一种既经济又节能的选择,它不仅能降低材料成本(例如避免使用贵金属),也能在无光和室温的条件下进行.本文制备了一种成本效益高的碱... 详细信息

甲醛(FA)作为一种有致癌风险的有害污染物,在室内环境中普遍存在.为了高效去除甲醛,催化氧化技术成为了一种既经济又节能的选择,它不仅能降低材料成本(例如避免使用贵金属),也能在无光和室温的条件下进行.本文制备了一种成本效益高的碱改性锰酸铜尖晶石(CuMn^(2)O_(4))催化剂,并用于甲醛催化氧化反应中.实验结果表明,采用碱(1 mol L^(-1)氢氧化钾)改性的CuMn^(2)O_(4)(1-CuMn^(2)O_(4))作为催化剂,在室温条件下,当甲醛浓度为50 ppm,气体空速为4777 h^(-1)时,甲醛转化率(XFA)达到100%;此外,在甲醛转化率为10%时,其稳态反应速率达到了8.18×10^(-2) mmol g^(-1) h^(-1).原位漫反射红外傅立叶变换光谱结果表明,在催化剂的作用下,甲醛分子经过二氧亚甲基和甲酸酯中间体的转化,最终被氧化为水和二氧化碳.进一步结合密度泛函理论模拟发现,1-CuMn^(2)O_(4)具有较高的催化氧化甲醛性能,可归因于甲醛分子更牢固地吸附在1-CuMn^(2)O_(4)表面,甲醛吸附所需的能量较低,以及最终产物从催化剂表面脱附所需的能量也较低的综合效应.本研究为在无光和室温条件下,高效去除空气中甲醛提供了新型高效、成本效益高且无需贵金属的催化剂,从而为室内空气净化提供了新的科学见解.

关键词：甲醛碱修饰锰酸铜尖晶石催化氧化室内空气

Immunobiology and immunotherapy of gestational trophoblastic disease

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 76-81页

作者： Neha Sharma Richa Kundal vikrant Kaushal Department of Radiation Oncology Lady Hardinge Medical College&SSK HospitalDelhiIndia

Gestational trophoblastic diseases are a heterogeneous group of pregnancy related tumors that show extensive metastatic spread but are readily responsive to *** one of a kind treatability of gestational trophoblastic tumors may to some extent be inferable from a host immunologic reaction to the paternal antigens that are expressed on the trophoblastic *** this review,we evaluate the current cognizance of immunobiology of gestational trophoblastic diseases and also establish the immunologic behaviour of gestational trophoblastic diseases which should be researched further in order to gain a better understanding of the aetiology of these *** will further help structuring immunotherapeutic methodologies for their treatment.

关键词： Immunobiology Immunotherapy Treatment Gestational trophoblastic disease

A comparative analysis of distal locked and unlocked long proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA-II) in the fixation of stable intertrochanteric fractures

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2023年第2期26卷 111-115页

作者： Atmananda Hegde vikrant Khanna Prajwal Mane Chethan Shetty Nitin Joseph Department of Orthopaedics Kasturba Medical CollegeMangaloreManipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE)ManipalKarnatakaIndia Department of Trauma Kalyani HospitalGurugramIndia Department of Community Medicine Kasturba Medical CollegeMangaloreManipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE)ManipalKarnatakaIndia

Purpose:Long proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA-II) is a preferred implant in recent years for fixation of pertrochanteric fractures,especially in osteoporotic *** purpose of this study is to prospectively investigate the effect of distal locking in long PFNA-II fixation of stable intertrochanteric ***:A total of 58 patients with isolated stable intertrochanteric fractures and treated in our hospital during the study period of 2017–2019 by distal locked or unlocked long PFNA-II fixation were included in this *** who had multiple injuries or open fractures were *** were 40 female and 18 male patients,with 33 affecting the left side and 25 the right *** them,31 belonged to the distal locked group (group A) and 27 to the unlocked group (group B).Surgical procedures and implants used in both groups were similar except for the distal locking of the *** data (age,gender,fracture side,etc.) showed no significant difference between two groups (allp > 0.05).The intraoperative parameters like operative time,radiation exposure and follow-up parameters like functional and radiological outcomes were recorded and *** tests like the independent samplest-test Fischer’’s exact and Chi-square test were used to analyze ***:The distribution of the fractures according to AO/OTA classification and 31A1.2 type of intertrochanteric fractures were most common in our *** the included fractures united and the average functional outcome in both groups were good and comparable at the end of one *** operative time (mL,107.1 ± 12.6vs.77.0 ± 12.0,p < 0.001) and radiation exposure (s,78.6 ± 11.0vs.40.3 ± 9.3,p < 0.001) were significantly less among the patients in group *** consolidation,three months after the operative procedures,was seen in a significantly greater proportion of patients in group B (92.6%vs.67.7%,p = 0.025).Hardware irritation because of distal locking bolt was excl

关键词： Intertrochanteric fractures Hip fractures Proximal femoral nail Distal locked Unlocked intramedullary nail Intramedullary nail

Nanomaterials for the abatement of cadmium (Ⅱ) ions from water/ wastewater

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Nano Research 2019年第7期12卷 1489-1507页

作者： Kumar vikrant Vanish Kumar Kowsalya Vellingiri Ki-Hyun Kim Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hanyang University222 Wangsimni-roSeoul 04763Republic of Korea National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) S.A.S. NagarPunjab 140306India Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division Department of Civil Engineering IIT MadrasChennai 600036India

The rapid rise of modern industry is the source of unchecked effluents containing many pernicious heavy metals (e.g.,cadmium).To rehabilitate the ecology,food resources,and health of humans and animals,various conventional methodologies are being used in wastewater treatment facilities for the abatement of ***,the development of advanced,economical,and efficient adsorbents is needed because of the many shortcomings of conventional methods (e.g.,high cost,intensive operation,and inefficiency).Recent advancements in materials science and chemistry have introduced the use of nanomaterials,which possess very high specific surface areas and multiple functionalities,for the removal of specific targets such as *** review explores the recent developments and trends in nanomaterial adsorption technology for the mitigation of *** paper further surveys the present obstacles and future opportunities for the advancement of nanomaterial-based technologies in the area of water treatment.

关键词： nanomaterials cadmium adsorption pollution control water purification heavy metal

Acute Aortic Occlusion in a Critically Ill Adult Presenting to the Emergency Department

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第4期11卷 186-191页

作者： Renaldo Pavrey vikrant Chouhan Aakanksha Goyal Sreekant Goswami Centre for Accident & Emergency Medicine Nanavati Max Super Specialty Hospital Mumbai India

Acute Aortic Occlusion (AAO) is a rare, life-threatening event so far described mainly in small-scale series. The most common causes of AAO are large saddle emboli to the aortic bifurcation, in-situ thrombosis of an atherosclerotic aorta, and occlusion of previous surgical reconstruction. We present the case of a 52-year-old female with rheumatic heart disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy with restricted left ventricular function, atrial fibrillation, and previous cardio-embolic stroke, who was brought to the Emergency Department (ED) with sudden-onset dyspnea and lower backache radiating to both the legs. On arrival at the ED, the patient was electively intubated and mechanically ventilated in view of hypoxia and altered mental status, attributed to respiratory failure secondary to acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. The secondary survey revealed absence of bilateral femoral and popliteal artery pulsations. A computed tomography (CT) aortogram showed a complete lumen occlusion thrombus in the infra-renal region of the abdominal aorta at the level of L3-L4 lumbar vertebrae. An emergency embolectomy was performed successfully, following which the patient was started on heparin infusion and managed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In the ICU, she suffered a torsade-cardiac arrest, with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following rapid defibrillation. She was extubated on Day 3. Three weeks later, she was discharged from the hospital. At the time of discharge, she had developed ischemic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy, for which neuro-rehabilitation was advised. In our case report, we would like to highlight the following key points: 1) The importance of a detailed secondary survey in the Emergency Department (ED). 2) An inter-disciplinary approach to a complex syndrome that ensures the highest probability of a good outcome. .

关键词： Acute Aortic Occlusion Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease Acute Thrombosis

Charged grain boundary transitions in ionic ceramics for energy applications

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 947-958页

作者： K.S.N.vikrant R.Edwin García School of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Surfaces and interfaces in ionic ceramics play a pivotal role in defining the transport limitations in many of the existing and emerging applications in energy-related systems such as fuel cells,rechargeable batteries,as well as advanced electronics such as those found in semiconducting,ferroelectric,and piezotronic ***,a variational framework has been developed to understand the effects of the intrinsic and extrinsic ionic species and point defects on the structural and electrochemical stability of grain boundaries in polycrystalline *** theory predicts the conditions for the interfacial electrochemical and structural stability and phase transitions of charged interfaces and quantifies the properties induced by the broad region of electrochemical influence in front of a grain boundary capable of spanning anywhere from a few angtroms to entire *** demonstrate the validity of this theory for Y_(x)Zr_(1−x)O_(2−x/2),cubic yttria stabilized zirconia.

关键词： ceramics grain transitions