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Characterization of free carbon in the as-thermolyzed Si-B-C-N ceramic from a polyorganoborosilazane precursor

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2013年第4期2卷 325-332页

作者： Adhimoolam Bakthavachalam KOUSAALYA Ravi kumara Shanmugam PACKIRISAMY Materials Processing Section Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036Tamil NaduIndia Analytical Spectroscopy and Ceramics Group PCM EntityVikram Sarabhai Space CentreThiruvananthapuram 695022India

Polyorganoborosilazane((B[C_(2)H_(4)-Si(CH_(3))NH]_(3))n)was synthesized via monomer route from a single-source precursor and thermolyzed at 1300℃in argon *** as-thermolyzed Si-B-C-N ceramic was characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Raman *** crystallization behavior of silicon carbide in the as-thermolyzed amorphous Si-B-C-N matrix was understood by XRD studies,and the crystallite size calculated using Scherrer equation was found to increase from 2 nm to 8 nm with increase in dwelling ***,Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the free carbon present in the as-thermolyzed *** peak positions,intensities and full width at half maximum(FWHM)of D and G bands in the Raman spectra were used to study and understand the structural disorder of the free *** G peak shift towards 1600 cm-1 indicated the decrease in cluster size of the free *** cluster diameter of the free carbon calculated using TK(Tuinstra and Koenl)equation was found to decrease from 6.2 nm to 5.4 nm with increase in dwelling time,indicating increase in structural disorder.

关键词： synthesis polyorganoborosilazane precursor-derived ceramic Si-B-C-N Raman spectroscopy free carbon

Effects of inner sleeves on the inner frictional resistance of open-ended piles driven into sand

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 499-505页

作者： Janaka J. kumara Yoshiaki KIKUCHI Takashi KURASHINA Takahiro YAJIMA Department of Civil Engineering Tokyo University of Seience Noda 278-8510 Japan Maeda Corporation Tokyo 102-8151 Japan

In open-ended piles, inner friction is developed between inner pile shaf and the inner soil. Inner frictional resistance depends largely on the degree of soil plugging, which is influenced by many factors including pile diameter, relative density and end conditions of piles. In this paper, effects of inner sleeves on inner frictional resistance are discussed. The experiments were conducted on a medium-dense sandy ground using laboratory-scale piles. It was observed that the piles penetrated under partially-plugged or unplugged state. The results suggest that inner fiictional resistance, Qin increases with sleeve height, l linearly and requires 2D （D is pile outer diameter） of l to produce a large as 50% of Qt by Qin （Qt is total resistance）. The results also indicate that bearing capacity increases with wall thickness at the pile tip, which can be attributed to the increase in annular area. The results also indicate that soil plug height is independent of sleeve height. The results also reveal that the penetration of straight piles is closer to unplugged state than the sleeved piles. The results of incremental filling ratio and plug length ratio also indicate that the degree of soil plugging is affected by the sleeve height.

关键词： bearing capacity inner frictional resistance inner sleeve open-ended piles soil plugging

Analysis of STEM Attitudes Differences among Secondary School Students’ in Sabaragamuwa Province,Sri Lanka

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Analysis of STEM Attitudes Differences among Secondary Schoo...

作者： Karunarathnage Lakmal Eranda kumara 浙江师范大学

学位级别：硕士

In the 21st century,scientific and technological innovation fields are becoming increasingly important as we are facing the benefits and challenges of both globalisation and a knowledge-based *** have to develop their competencies in Science,Technology,Engineering and Mathematics to levels much beyond to succeed in this new information-based and highly technological ***,STEM education has a much-needed role for development to cultivate students’ innovative spirits and practical ability to fulfil the future requirements of the skilful *** Lanka also requires a dynamic,motivated and well-educated workforce empowered with STEM *** this background,well-organised STEM education system is going to be introduced in Sri ***,current STEM education system of Sri Lanka is suffering from low participation and low enrolment,especially in the secondary level of *** ministry of education had an objective to increase the enrolment of STEM subjects by decreasing enrolment of arts ***,the target didn’t achieve,and the government realised a root cause for this low enrolment is lack of positive STEM attitudes among studentsThe study has carried out to achieve three objectives;Identify the differences of STEM attitudes among secondary students;identify the impacts of demographical,educational and family factors on the difference of students’attitude towards STEM and the third objective was to identify the possible suggestions to improve positive STEM attitudes in secondary students according to their demographical,educational and family *** study analysed the differences of the STEM attitudes,the 21st-century skill confidence,and the STEM career interest among Sri Lankan students from Sabaragamuwa province according to students’grade,gender and parental *** quantitative research methodology followed in this study and SPSS 16 software used in the data *** researcher used Upper

关键词： Middle school student STEM education Parental education Mathematics achievement

Efficiency measurement of fertilizer-manufacturing organizations usingFuzzy data envelopment analysis

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Journal of Management Analytics 2017年第3期4卷 276-295页

作者： Pravin kumara Rajesh Kumar Singh Ravi Shankar Department of Mechanical Engineering Delhi Technological UniversityDelhiIndia Management Development Institute GurgaonIndia Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of Technology DelhiDelhiIndia

The aim of the paper is to benchmark the performance of the Indian fertilizermanufacturing organizations based on the ranking of efficiencies using a fuzzy data envelopment analysis(FDEA).FDEA has been used to find the relative efficiency and ranking of the fertilizer-manufacturing *** last few years’data have been converted into the fuzzy inputs and outputs as minimum,mean,and maximum values,*** performance of the fertilizer manufacturing organizations is based on the output maximization model of *** frontier organizations set the benchmark for the lagging organizations for further improvement in the *** method can also be used to incorporate the data of the several years for multiple inputs and outputs instead of consideration of data of only one *** proposed approach in this study may help organizations to improve its efficiency to fulfill its goal.

关键词： benchmarking data envelopment analysis(DEA) fuzzy sets efficiency measurement decision-making units(DMUs) Yager index

Improved allometric equations for tree aboveground biomass estimation in tropical dipterocarp forests of Kalimantan,Indonesia

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第2期4卷 83-92页

作者： Solichin Manuri Cris Brack Fatmi Noor'an Teddy Rusolono Shema Mukti Anggraini Helmut Dotzauer Indra kumara Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian NationalUniversityLinnaeus Way Building 141Canberra ACT2601Australia Dipterocarps Research Center Forest Research Development and Innovation AgencyMinistry of Environment and ForestryJl.AW SyahraniSamarindaEast KalimantanIndonesia Faculty of Forestry Bogor Agricultural UniversityJl Raya DarmagaKampus IPBBogor 16680Indonesia Forests and Climate Change Program Deutsche Gesellschafc fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit(FORCLIME-GIZ)Manggala Wanabakti BuildingBlock VII6th floorJakartaIndonesia Biodiversity and Climate Change Program Deutsche Gesellschafr fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit(BIOCLIME-GIZ)Manggala Wanabakti BuildingBlock VIL 6th floorJakartaIndonesia District Forestry and Plantation Service Jl.Antasarl No 4 Putussibaa Kapuas Hulu 78711West KalimantanIndonesia

Background： Currently, the common and feasible way to estimate the most accurate forest biomass requires ground measurements and allometric *** studies have been conducted on allometric equations development for estimating tree aboveground biomass（AGB） of tropical dipterocarp forests（TDFs） in Kalimantan（Indonesian Borneo）.However, before the use of existing equations, a validation for the selection of the best allometric equation is required to assess the model bias and *** study aims at evaluating the validity of local and pantropical equations; developing new allometric equations for estimating tree AGB in TDFs of Kalimantan; and validating the new equations using independent ***： We used 108 tree samples from destructive sampling to develop the allometric equations, with maximum tree diameter of 175 cm and another 109 samples from previous studies for validating our *** performed ordinary least squares linear regression to explore the relationship between the AGB and the predictor variables in the natural logarithmic ***： This study found that most of the existing local equations tended to be biased and imprecise, with mean relative error and mean absolute relative error more than 0.1 and 0.3, *** developed new allometric equations for tree AGB estimation in the TDFs of *** a validation using an independent dataset,we found that our equations were reliable in estimating tree AGB in *** pantropical equation, which includes tree diameter, wood density and total height as predictor variables performed only slightly worse than our new ***： Our equations improve the precision and reduce the bias of AGB estimates of *** models developed from small samples tend to systematically bias.A validation of existing AGB models is essential before the use of the models.

关键词： Allometric equation Local and pantropical models AGB Model validation Destructive sampling Tropical dipterocarp forest

Identification,development,and application of cross-species intron-spanning markers in lentil(Lens culinaris Medik.)

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The Crop Journal 2018年第3期6卷 299-305页

作者： Debjyoti Sen Gupta Jitendra kumara Sunanda Gupta Sonali Dubey Priyanka Gupta Narendra Pratap Singh Gaurav Sablok Division of Crop Improvement ICAR-Institute of Pulses ResearchKanpur 208024UPIndia Division of Plant Biotechnology ICAR-Institute of Pulses ResearchKanpur 208024UPIndia Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachVia E.Mach 138010 San Michele all'AdigeTrentoItaly

Lentil(Lens culinaris Medik) is one of the most important food legumes in the world. The use in lentil of molecular marker-assisted breeding is limited, owing to the low availability of polymorphic markers. In the present study, we developed a set of polymorphic intron-spanning markers(ISMs) using a cross-species mapping approach. In this approach, putative unique transcripts(PUTs) of L. culinaris were mapped onto the Medicago truncatula genome, exploiting its closeness with the lentil genome. Spliced alignment of the PUTs resulted in a total of 25,717 alignments, allowing the development of 1703 ISMs. From these, a subset of 105 ISMs were synthesized and validated with a 51% amplification success rate in 32 lentil genotypes. Of these ISMs, 40(74%) were polymorphic and generated 2–11 alleles per locus in a genetically diverse panel of 32 lentil genotypes including wild *** set of polymorphic ISMs along with their functional annotation data will be useful in lentil breeding.

关键词： Allele diversity Cross-species Genotypes Introns Lentil Molecular markers

A case of follicular cystitis treated successfully with diethylcarbamazine

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Asian Journal of Urology 2021年第2期8卷 235-237页

作者： Maduwe Gedara Sagara Ruwan kumara Prasanga Thiranagama Cherine Sosai Anuruddha Abeygunasekera Department of Urology Colombo South Teaching HospitalDehiwalaSri Lanka Department of Pathology Colombo South Teaching HospitalDehiwalaSri Lanka

Follicular cystitis is a non-specific inflammatory condition of the bladder where the aetiology is *** extent of the disease can be mild or proliferative and ***,steroids,therapies used for interstitial cystitis,palliative cystectomy and radiotherapy have been reported as successful treatment *** report a case of follicular cystitis that responded to a course of oral diethyl carbamazine.

关键词： Chronic cystitis Pyuria Bladder pathology Urosepsis

Regression analysis and features of negative activation energy for MHD nanofluid flow model:A comparative study

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Propulsion and Power Research 2023年第2期12卷 273-283页

作者： B.kumara Prachi Abhinav Singhal R.Nandkeolyar Pulkit Kumar Ali J.Chamkha School of Mathematics Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatiala 147004PunjabIndia Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities RITRoorkee 247667India School of Sciences Christ(Deemed to be University)Delhi NCR 201003India Department of Mathematics National Institute of TechnologyJamshedpur 831014India Department of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of TechnologyDelhi 110016India Faculty of Engineering Kuwait College of Science and TechnologyDoha DistrictKuwait

This article elucidates the impact of activation energy on magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)stagnation point nanofluid flow over a slippery surface in a porous regime with thermophoretic and Brownian *** activation energy is scarce in practice,but the impact of negative activation energy could not be neglected as it is noticed in chemical *** rate of some Arrhenius-compliant reactions is retarded by increasing the temperature and is therefore associated with negative activation energies,such as exothermic binding of urea or *** some processes,the temperature dependence of the pressure-induced unfolding and the urea-induced unfolding of proteins at ambient pressure give negative activation *** present mathematical model is solved with successive linearization method(a spectral technique).A comparison of results is made for negative and positive values of activation *** from it,the quadratic multiple regression model is discussed briefly and explained with bar *** is observed that with rise in unsteadiness parameter from 0 to 1(taking positive activation energy),skin friction and Sherwood number are increased by 9.36%and 19%respectively,and Nusselt number is decreased by 26%.However,for negative activation energy,9.36%and 112%enhancement is observed in skin friction and Sherwood number,respectively.

关键词： Negative activation energy Regression analysis Successive linearization method Porous medium

Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels are elevated first month after surgery and may promote growth of residual metastases

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第8期13卷 879-892页

作者： HMC Shantha kumara Hiromichi Miyagaki Sajith A Herath Erica Pettke Xiaohong Yan Vesna Cekic Richard L Whelan Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Department of SurgeryLenox Hill HospitalNorthwell HealthNew YorkNY 10028United States Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Osaka UniversitySuita 565-0862OsakaJapan Analytic Department NovartisMorris PlainsNJ 07905United States Department of Surgery Swedish Medical CenterSeattleWA 98122United States Department of Surgery Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNY 11549United States

BACKGROUND MMP-2 also known as gelatinase A and MMP-7(matrilysin)are members of the zinc-dependent family of MMPs(Matrix metalloproteinase).MMP-2 and MMP-7 are remodeling enzymes that digest extracellular matrix;MMP-2 is extensively expressed during development and is upregulated at sites of tissue damage,inflammation,and in stromal cells of metastatic ***-7 is expressed in the epithelial cells and in a variety of cancers including colon *** MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels were assessed before and after minimally invasive colorectal resection for cancer *** To determine plasma MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels before and after minimally invasive colorectal resection for cancer *** Patients enrolled in a plasma bank for whom plasma was available were *** obtained from preoperative(Preop)and postoperative blood samples was *** colorectal cancer(CRC)patients who underwent elective minimally invasive cancer resection with preop,post-operative day(POD)1,3 and at least 1 late postop sample(POD 7-34)were *** samples were bundled into 7 d blocks(POD 7-13,14-20,etc.)and treated as single time *** MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in *** Total 88 minimally invasive CRC resection CRC patients were studied(right colectomy,37%;sigmoid,24%;and LAR/AR 18%).Cancer stages were:1,31%;2,30%;3,34%;and 4,5%.Mean Preop MMP-2 plasma level(ng/mL)was 179.3±40.9(n=88).Elevated mean levels were noted on POD1(214.3±51.2,n=87,P<0.001),POD3(258.0±63.9,n=80,P<0.001),POD7-13(229.9±62.3,n=65,P<0.001),POD 14-20(234.9±47.5,n=25,P<0.001),POD 21-27(237.0±63.5,n=17,P<0.001,)and POD 28-34(255.4±59.7,n=15,P<0.001).Mean Preop MMP-7 level was 3.9±1.9(n=88).No significant differences were noted on POD 1 or 3,however,significantly elevated levels were noted on POD 7-13(5.7±2.5,n=65,P<0.001),POD 14-20(5.9±2.5,n=25,P<0.001),POD 21-27(6.1±3.6,n=17,P=0.002)and on POD 28-34(6.8±3.3,n=15 P<0.001,)vs p

关键词： Effects of surgery Colorectal resection Colorectal cancer Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-7 levels Angiogenesis