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My.orrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by.facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 399-410页

作者： y.ngy.ng JIA Marcel G.A.van der HEIJDEN Alain y.VALZANO-HELD Markus JOCHER Florian WALder Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Ecology College of Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityÜrümqi 830046China Research Group Plant-Soil Interactions AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Research Group Climate and Agriculture AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of ZürichZürich 8008Switzerland Research Group Soil Quality.and Soil Use AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland

Nitrogen(N)is one of the most limited nutrients of terrestrial ecosy.tems,whose losses are prevented in tightly.coupled cy.les in finely.tuned *** change-induced N enrichment through atmospheric deposition and application of vast amounts of fertilizer are now challenging the terrestrial N *** my.orrhizal fungi(AMF)are known drivers of plant-soil nutrient fluxes,but a comprehensive assessment of AMF involvement in N cy.ling under global change is still ***,we simulated N enrichment by.fertilization(low/high)in experimental grassland microcosms under greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of AMF and continuously.monitored different N pathway. over nine *** found that high N enrichment by.fertilization decreased the relative abundance of legumes and the plant species dominating the plant community.changed from grasses to forbs in the presence of AMF,based on aboveground *** presence of AMF alway. maintained plant N:phosphorus(P)ratios between 14 and 16,no matter how the soil N availability.*** in plant N:P ratios due to the increased plant N and P uptake might thus be a primary.pathway.of AMF altering plant community.***,we constructed a comprehensive picture of AMF’s role in N cy.ling,highlighting that AMF reduced N losses primarily.by.mitigating N leaching,while N_(2)O emissions play.d a marginal *** my.orrhizal fungi reduced N_(2)O emissions directly.through the promotion of N_(2)O-consuming *** underly.ng mechanism for reducing N leaching is mainly.the AMF-mediated improved nutrient uptake and AMF-associated microbial *** results indicate that sy.ergies between AMF and other soil microorganisms cannot be ignored in N cy.ling and that the integral role of AMF in N cy.ling terrestrial ecosy.tems can buffer the upcoming global changes.

关键词： N cy.ling N enrichment N uptake N:P ratio plant community.structure sy.biotic soil fungi

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已确诊心血管疾病患者的颈动脉硬度与新发血管事件风险:SMART研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第12期1卷 45-46页

作者： Dijk J. M. Algra A. van der graaf y. M. L. Bots 刘少伟 Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary.Care University Medical Centre Utrecht Huispostnummer Str. 6. 131 3508 BA Utrecht Netherlands

Aims: To study.whether arterial stiffness is related to risk of new vascular events in patients with manifest arterial disease and to examine whether this relation varies between patients who differ with respect to baseline vascular risk, arterial stiffness, or sy.tolic blood pressure(SBP). Methods and results: The study.was performed in the first consecutive 2183 patients with manifest arterial disease enrolled in the SMART study.Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease), a cohort study.among patients with manifest arterial disease or cardiovascular risk factors. Common carotid distension(i.e. the change in carotid diameter in sy.tole relative to diastole) was measured at baseline by.ultrasonography. With the distension, several stiffness parameters were determined. In the entire cohort, none of the carotid artery.stiffness parameters was related to the occurrence of vascular events. However, decreased stiffness was related to decreased vascular risk in subjects with low baseline SBP. The relation of carotid stiffness with vascular events did not differ between tertiles of baseline risk and carotid stiffness. Conclusion: Carotid artery.stiffness is no independent risk factor for vascular events in patients with manifest arterial disease. However, in patients with low SBP, decreased carotid stiffness may.indicate a decreased risk of vascular events.

关键词：动脉硬度血管疾病患者 SMART 事件风险动脉疾病舒张期队列研究颈总动脉超声检测颈动脉内径

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明显动脉粥样硬化患者中颈动脉内膜中层厚度与新发血管事件风险的关系:SMART研究结果

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2007年第1期3卷 54-55页

作者： Dijk J.M. van der graaf y. Bots M.L. A. Algra 吴晓燕 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary.Care University Medical Center Utrecht Huispostnummer Str.6.131 3508 BA Utrecht Netherlands

目的:在普通人群中,颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT)是发生血管事件的独立预测因素。目前,对CIMT和明显动脉疾病患者新发血管事件的相关性知之甚少。本文旨在评估此相关性的强度。方法与结果:本研究纳入入选SMART(动脉疾病继发表现)队列研究的... 详细信息

目的:在普通人群中,颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT)是发生血管事件的独立预测因素。目前,对CIMT和明显动脉疾病患者新发血管事件的相关性知之甚少。本文旨在评估此相关性的强度。方法与结果:本研究纳入入选SMART(动脉疾病继发表现)队列研究的前2374例有明显动脉疾病的连续患者,SMART队列研究的对象是有明显动脉疾病或心血管疾病危险因素的患者。测量基线时双侧颈总动脉CIMT。

关键词：内膜中层厚度 SMART 动脉疾病疾病危险因素事件风险双侧颈总动脉队列研究 CIMT 非致死

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Inbreeding and genetic load in a pair of sibling grouse species:Tetrastes sewersowi and ***

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-270页

作者： Kai Song Tom van der Valk Bin Gao Peter Halvarsson y.n Fang Wendong Xie Siegfried Klaus Zhiming Han y.e-Hua Sun Jacob Hoglund Key.Laboratory.of Animal Ecology.and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18DUppsala75236Sweden Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala75273Sweden Unit of Parasitology Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public HealthSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesPO Box 7036Uppsala75007Sweden Lindenhohe 5 JenaD-07749Germany The State Key.Laboratory.of Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation *** levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by.negatively.impacting fitness-related characters in many.species of plants and animals,including humans(inbreeding depression).Genomic tech-niques are increasingly.used in measuring and understanding genetic load and inbreeding and their importance in evolution and *** used whole genome resequencing data from two sibling grouse species in subarctic Eurasia to quantify.*** found a large range of inbreeding measured as FROH(fraction of runs of homozy.osity.in individuals from different populations of Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)and Hazel Grouse(***).FROH estimated from genome-wide runs of homozy.osity.ROH)ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Grouse populations and from 0.01 to 0.44 in Hazel *** from a population of Chinese Grouse residing in the Qilian mountains and from the European populations of Hazel Grouse(including samples from Sweden,Germany.and Northeast Poland)were the most inbred(FROH ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44,respectively..These levels are comparable to other highly.inbred populations of *** Grouse from northern China and Chinese Grouse residing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed relatively.lower inbreeding *** of the ratio between deleterious missense mutations and sy.ony.ous mutations revealed higher levels in Chinese Grouse as compared to Hazel *** results are possibly.explained by.higher fixation rates,mutational melt down,in the range-restricted Chinese Grouse compared to the wide-ranging Hazel ***,when we compared the relatively.more severe class of loss-of-function muta-tions,Hazel Grouse had slightly.higher levels than Chinese Grouse,a result which may.indicate that purify.ng selection(purging)has been more efficient in Chinese Grouse on this class of mutations.

关键词： Genetic load Inbreeding Purify.ng selection Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ROH Tetrastes

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全脑血流量增高与脑白质损害减轻有关

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第6期1卷 29-29页

作者： Bisschops R.H.C. van der graaf y. Mali W.P.Th.M. van der Grond J. 李锐 Department of Radiology.E01.132 University Medical Center Utrecht PO Box 85500 3508 GA Utrecht Netherlands Dr.

Background Low cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been associated with the presence of white matter lesions (WMLs). However, the power of these studies was insufficient (n = 20- 35) to determine whether flow is associated with WMLs. Purpose The aim of this study.was to investigate whether total cerebral blood flow (tCBF) is associated with the severity.of white matter lesions (WMLs) in a large patient sample. Subjects and methods 228 patients with clinical sy.ptoms of cardiovascular disease had MRI of the brain, consisting of a T2- w FLAIR and a 2D phasecontrast flow measurement of the internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery. WMLs were graded according to prevalence and size of deep and periventricular WMLs. To determine the relation between tCBF and WMLs we used linear and logistic regression analy.is adjusted for age, gender, intima media thickness and hy.ertension. Results We observed an inverse association between the tCBF and the total number of WMLs adjusted for age, gender, intima media thickness and hy.ertension [B = - 1,0 WML 95 % CI (- 2.0 to 0.0, p = 0.045) per 100 mL increase in tCBF]. The adjusted odds ratio for the presence of severe WMLs in patients with high tCBF ( > 675 mL/min) was 0.5 (95% CI 0.2- 1.0) compared with patients with normal tCBF. Conclusion In this study.we found that high tCBF is associated with a decrease in presence and severity.of WMLs.

关键词：全脑血流量脑白质基底动脉颈内动脉心血管疾病膜厚度样本量线性回归临床症状测量方法

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Current and future therapies for inherited cholestatic liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第5期23卷 763-775页

作者： Wendy.L van der Woerd Roderick HJ Houwen Stan FJ van de graaf Ty.gat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research Academic Medical Center Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Wilhelmina Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Centre Utrecht Department of Gastroenterology.and Hepatology Academic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam

Familial intrahepatic cholestasis(FIC) comprises a group of rare cholestatic liver diseases associated with canalicular transport defects resulting predominantly.from mutations in ATP8B1, ABCB11 and ABCB4. Phe-noty.es range from benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis(BRIC), associated with recurrent cholestatic attacks, to progressive FIC(PFIC). Patients often suffer from severe pruritus and eventually.progressive cholestasis results in liver failure. Currently. first-line treatment includes ursodeoxy.holic acid in patients with ABCB4 deficiency.PFIC3) and partial biliary.diversion in patients with ATP8B1 or ABCB11 deficiency.PFIC1 and PFIC2). When treatment fails, liver transplantation is needed which is associated with complications like rejection, post-transplant hepatic steatosis and recurrence of disease. Therefore, the need for more and better therapies for this group of chronic diseases remains. Here, we discuss new sy.ptomatic treatment options like total biliary.diversion, pharmacological diversion of bile acids and hepatocy.e transplantation. Furthermore, we focus on emerging mutation-targeted therapeutic strategies, providing an outlook for future personalized treatment for inherited cholestatic liver diseases.

关键词： Familial intrahepatic cholestasis Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis Inherited liver disease ATP8B1 ABCB11 ABCB4 Biliary.diversion Mutation-targeted therapy Personalized treatment

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Sy.tems biology.of resilience and optimal health:integrating Chinese and Western medicine perspectives

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2017年第1期3卷 38-49页

作者： Herman van Wietmarschen y.n Schroёn Victor Kallen Marvin Steijaert Albert A.de graaf Ben van Ommen Jan van der Greef TNO The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research Sino Dutch centre for Preventive and personalized Medicine Louis Bolk Institute Open Analy.ics

Western science has been strong in measuring details of biological sy.tems such as gene expression levels and metabolite concentrations, and has generally.followed a bottom up approach with regard to explaining biological phenomena. Chinese medicine in contrast has evolved as a top down approach in which body.and mind is seen as a whole, a phenomenological approach based on the organization and dy.amics of sy.ptom patterns. Western and Chinese perspectives are developing towards a ‘middle out' approach. Chinese medicine diagnosis, we will argue, allows bridging the gap between biologists and psy.hologists and offers new opportunities for the development of health monitoring tools and health promotion *** this paper, health, resilience and stress concepts are explored from an integrated sy.tems biology.perspective. This is followed by.a discussion about measuring aspects of health and resilience. Then the issue of how to integrate different ty.es of data is discussed. Semi-quantitative modeling appears to be very.suitable and looks promising for building integrated health models. The challenge for the future lies in apply.ng those models in developing personalized health monitoring and advice sy.tems that will tempt people to lead more healthy.lives.

关键词： Health Wellness Resilience Sy.tems biology Chinese diagnosis

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Current surgical treatment of diverticular disease in the Netherlands

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第14期16卷 1742-1746页

作者： Annelien N Morks Bastiaan R Klarenbeek Elvira R Flikweert Donald L van der Peet Thomas M Karsten Eric H Eddes Miguel A Cuesta Peter W de graaf Department of Surgery Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis PO Box 5011 2600 GA Delft The Netherlands Department of Surgery VU University Medical Center PO Box 7057 1007 MB Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Surgery Deventer Ziekenhuis PO Box 5001 7400 GC Deventer The Netherlands

AIM: To evaluate the development of diagnostic tools, indications for surgery.and treatment modalities concerning diverticular disease (DD) in the Netherlands. METHODS: Data were collected from 100 patients who underwent surgery.for DD in three Dutch hospitals. All hospitals used the same standardized data base. The collected data included patient demographics, patient history. ty.e of surgery.and complications. Patients were divided into two groups, one undergoing elective surgery.(elective group) and the other undergoing acute surgery.(acute group). RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety.nine patients were admitted between 2000 and 2007. One hundred and seventy.eight patients underwent acute surgery.and 121 patients received elective operations. The median age of the 121 patients was 69 y.ars (range: 28-94 y.ars), significantly.higher in acute patients (P = 0.010). Laparoscopic resection was performed in 31% of elective patients. In the acute setting, 61% underwent a Hartmann procedure. The overall morbidity.and mortality.were 51% and 10%, and 60% and 16% in the acute group, which were significantly.higher than in the elective group (36% and 1%). Only.35% of the temporary.ostomies were restored. CONCLUSION: This study.gives a picture of current surgical practice for DD in the Netherlands. New developments are implemented in daily.practice, resulting in acceptable morbidity.and mortality.rates.

关键词： Diverticulitis Surgery Diverticular disease

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ANTIMONy.INDUCED CRy.TALLIZATION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2007年第3期20卷 167-170页

作者： y. Wang H.Z. Li C.N. y. G.M. Wu I. Gordon P. Schattschneider O. van der Biest School of Science Beijing Institute of Petro-Chemical Technology Beijing 102617 China Center of Engineering Education Beijing Institute of Petro-Chemical Technology Beijing 102617 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Pctro-Chcmical Technology Beijing 102617 China Development of Technique Interuniversity Micro Electronics Center B-3001 Leuven Belgium School of Materials Science and Engineering Technische Universitat Wien A-1040 Wien Austria School of Materials Science and Engineering Kathofieke Universiteit Leuven B-3001 Heverlee （Leuven） Belgium

Antimony.induced cry.tallization of PVD （phy.ics vapor deposition） amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very.large cry.talline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of cry.taUization can be observed with TEM （transmission electron microscopy.. Only.a few and much smaller cry.tals of the order of 1 μm were formed when the antimony.lay.r was deposited by.MBE （molecular beam epitaxy. compared with a lay.r formed by.thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any.Sb induced cry.tallization at all. In addition it is necessary.to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.

关键词： antimony poly.ry.talline silicon thin film

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Expansion of traditional land-use and deforestation:a case study.of an adat forest in the Kandilo Subwatershed,East Kalimantan,Indonesia

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Journal of Forestry.Research 2018年第2期29卷 488-506页

作者： Hunggul y.S.H.Nugroho Anne van der Veen Andrew K.Skidmore y.usif A.Hussin Department of PGM Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth ObservationUniversity of TwenteP.O.Box 2177500 AE EnschedeThe Netherlands Environment and Forestry.Research and Development Institute of Macassar(BP2LHK Makassar) Jl.Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.165 SudiangMakassarSulawesi SelatanIndonesia Department of Natural Resources Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth ObservationUniversity of TwenteP.O.Box 2177500 AE EnschedeThe Netherlands

Deforestation issues are more problematic when indigenous(adat) communities,living within a forest,have lived there for many.*** adat communities,who employ.traditional land-use,are frequently.accused of encroaching on the *** understand existing and future trends in the spatial patterns of the expansion of traditional land-use and deforestation,we conducted a case study.in the Kandilo Subwatershed using mixed methods with image interpretation,spatial modelling and sociocultural survey. to examine the interrelationships between phy.ical conditions,community.characteristics and traditional land-use *** investigated community.characteristics through household interviews,communication with key.informants,and discussions with *** using an area production model,we were able to analy.e the effect of improved farming sy.tems,policy.intervention and law enforcement on traditional land-use expansion and *** on our examination of a 20-y.ar period of traditional land-use activities in adat forests,the evidence indicated that the steeper the slope of the land and the farther the distance from the village,the lower the rate of *** study.found that customary.law,regulating traditional land-use,play.d an important role in controlling deforestation and land *** conclude that the integration of land allocation,improved farming practices and enforcement of customary.law are effective measures to improve traditional land productivity.while avoiding deforestation and land degradation.

关键词： Adat people Agriculture expansion Area production model(APM) Customary.law Deforestation Traditional land-use

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