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Pyrolysis technologies for biochar production in waste management:a rev.ew

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Clean Energy 2024年第4期8卷 61-78页

作者： Kav.n kumar v.NLPanwar Department of Renewable Energy Engineering College of Technology and EngineeringMPUATUdaipurRajasthan 313001India

Pyrolysis is a thermal conv.rsion process in the absence of air to deriv. energy components from the ***-energy technologies will play a major role in addressing future challenges related to env.ronmental safety and energy *** of the many easily av.ilable renewable energy sources is biomass-an organic material that is thought to be *** technology is a thermochemical process that can be used to produce useful products from biomass,such as biochar,bio-oil and combustible pyrolysis *** structure and relativ. product yield are impacted by the pyrolysis method *** article ev.luates different approaches for biomass ***,slow and adv.nced pyrolysis methods using v.rious pyrolyser reactors hav. been studied in the literature and are prov.ded to increase the v.riety and use of these methods in upcoming studies and re*** pyrolysis can lead to increased ecological well-being,as it increases the amount of biochar produced using auger and rotary-kiln *** pyrolysis,mainly in fluidized-bed reactors with bubbling and rotating circulation,can be used to obtain *** pyrolysis methods offer a good probability of yielding great prosperity for specific *** selection of a pyrolysis process is based on the required output in terms of solid,liquid and gaseous fuels,and the parameter plays a crucial role in the pyrolysis performance.

关键词： biomass thermochemical process slow pyrolysis fast pyrolysis and adv.nced pyrolysis

Stability Analysis of DC Microgrid Clusters Based on Step-by-step System Matrix Building Algorithm

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 900-912页

作者： K.Jithin N.Mayadev. R.Hari kumar v.P.Mini the Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering TrivandrumAPJ Abdul Kalam Technological University(APJAKTU)ThiruvananthapuramIndia

DC microgrids(DCMGs)are made up of a network of sources and loads that are connected by a number of power electronic conv.rters(PECs).The increase in the number of these PECs instigates major concerns in system *** interconnecting the microgrids to form a cluster,the system stability must be *** paper proposes a nov.l stepby-step system matrix building(SMB)algorithm to update the system matrix of an existing DCMG cluster when a new microgrid is added to the cluster through a distribution *** stability of the indiv.dual DCMGs and the DCMG cluster is analyzed using the eigenv.lue ***,the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is used to retune the controller gains if the newly formed cluster is not *** simulation of the DCMG cluster is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink env.ronment to test the proposed *** results are also v.lidated using the OP4510 real-time simulator(RTS).

关键词： Conv.rter DC microgrid cluster eigenv.lue interconnection particle swarm optimization system stability system matrix

Higher Grain-Filling Rate in Inferior Spikelets of Tolerant Rice Genotype Offset Grain Yield Loss under Post-Anthesis High Night Temperatures

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Rice science 2024年第5期31卷 572-586,I0059-I0061页

作者： Nitin SHARMA Bhupinder SINGH Subbaiyan Gopala KRISHNAN Haritha BOLLINEDI Pranab kumar MANDAL Milan kumar LAL Prakash kumar JHA P.v.v.ra PRASAD Anjali ANAND Div.sion of Plant Physiology Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI)New Delhi 110012India Div.sion of Env.ronment Science ICAR-IARINew Delhi 110012India Div.sion of Genetics ICAR-IARINew Delhi 110012India ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology New Delhi 110012India Div.sion of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry ICAR-National Rice Research InstituteCuttack 753006India Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMS 39762USA Feed the Future Innov.tion Lab for Collaborativ. Research on Sustainable Intensification Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Increased nighttime respiratory losses decrease the amount of photoassimilates av.ilable for plant growth and yield. We hypothesized that the increased respiratory carbon loss under high night temperatures(HNT) could be compensated for by increased photosynthesis during the day following HNT exposure. Two rice genotypes, v.ndana(HNT-sensitiv.) and Nagina 22(HNT-tolerant), were exposed to HNT(4 ℃ abov. the control) from flowering to physiological maturity. They were assessed for alterations in the carbon balance of the source(flag leaf) and its subsequent impact on grain filling dynamics and the quality of spatially differentiated sinks(superior and inferior spikelets). Both genotypes exhibited significantly higher night respiration rates. Howev.r, only Nagina 22 compensated for the high respiration rates with an increased photosynthetic rate, resulting in a steady production of total dry matter under HNT. Nagina 22 also recorded a higher grain-filling rate, particularly at 5 and 10 d after flowering, with 1.5- and 4.0-fold increases in the translocation of ^(14)C sugars to the superior and inferior spikelets, respectiv.ly. The ratio of photosynthetic rate to respiratory rate on a leaf area basis was negativ.ly correlated with spikelet sterility, resulting in a higher filled spikelet number and grain weight per plant, particularly for inferior grains in Nagina 22. Grain quality parameters such as head rice recov.ry, high-density grains, and gelatinization temperature were maintained in Nagina 22. An increase in the rheological properties of rice flour starch in Nagina 22 under HNT indicated the stability of starch and its ability to reorganize during the cooling process of product formation. Thus, our study showed that sink adjustments between superior and inferior spikelets fav.red the growth of inferior spikelets, which helped to offset the reduction in grain weight under HNT in the tolerant genotype Nagina 22.

关键词： high night temperature inferior grain pasting property radiolabeled sugar superior grain

Heav. metal pollution of riv.r water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 41-50页

作者： Amudham Radha Amal Raj Prabhakaran Mylsamy v.Siv.sankar B.Sathish kumar Kiyoshi Omine T.G.Sunitha Phycological Research Laboratory Research Department of BotanyPachaiyappa's College(Affiliated to University of Madras)Chennai 600030India Research Department of Chemistry Pachaiyappa's College(Affiliated to University of Madras)Chennai 600030India Department of Botany Sri Vidya Mandir Arts&Science College(Autonomous)KatteriUthangarai 636902India Department of Civ.l Engineering School of Engineering.Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki-Daigaku1-14 Bunkyo-machiNagasaki 8528521Japan

Pollution of riv.rs is mainly caused by anthropogenic activ.ties such as discharge of effluent from industrial facilities,maintenance of sewage/effluent treatment plants,and dumping of solid waste on riv.r *** study dealt with the pollution issues of the Cooum Riv.r in the well-known city of Chennai in South *** samples from 27 locations were collected and analyzed for 12 elements,including Ba,B,and Al,as well as heav. metals such as Pb,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,and *** samples showed lev.ls of these elements that exceeded World Health Organization *** correlation analysis rev.aled the inter-dependency among elements,and the contribution of each element based on factor loadings showed its percentage contribution compared to *** samples from six significant locations were chosen for remediation with three algae:Chlorella v.lgaris,Scenedesmus dimorphus,and Phormedium *** uptake of pollutants led to the continuous growth of algae during the incubation period of 15 d,effectiv.ly remov.ng heav. metals from the riv.r *** increasing lev.ls of algal counts and the chlorophyll a content confirmed the algal growth during the incubation period,followed by a declining stage after the incubation *** scanning electron microscopic images of algae before and after the remediation showed no remarkable modification of morphological *** study showed that the uptake of heav. metals using algae is an effectiv. water pollution remediation measure,making the process practicable in the field on a large scale in the near future.

关键词： Heav. metal Cooum riv.r Phycoremediation Microalgae Factor analysis

Enhanced Solar Water Desalination by CuCo_(2)S_(4)-decorated Carbon Foam Deriv.d from Waste Plastics

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Chemical Research in Chinese Univ.rsities 2024年第3期40卷 548-555页

作者： Muzammil HUSSAIN Tofik Ahmed SHIFA Pratik v.SHINDE Pankaj kumar Stefano CENTENARO Silv.a GROSS Elisa MORETTI Alberto v.MIERO Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca'Foscari University of VeniceVia Torino 15530172 VeniceItaly Department of Industrial Engineering University of PadovaVia Venezia 135131 PadovaItaly Department of Chemical Sciences University of PadovaVia Francesco Marzolo135131 PadovaItaly Div.sion of Materials Science Department of Engineering Sciences and MathematicsLulea University of Technology97187 LuleaSweden Center for Cultural Heritage Technologies(CCHT) Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia(IT)Via Torino 15530170 Venezia-MestreItaly

Interfacial solar desalination is an emerging technology for freshwater production,but the finding of nov.l solar ev.porators is still *** the present research,graphitic carbon foam(CF)was synthesized from the upcycling of waste plastic polyethylene terephthalate(PET)waste bottles functionalized with carrollite CuCo_(2)S_(4) as a photothermal *** characterization[X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersiv. spectroscopy(SEM-EDS)]confirms the functionalization of carrollite CuCo_(2)S_(4) on graphitic carbon *** Uv.v.s spectroscopy analysis showed an enhanced optical absorption in the Uv.v.s-near IR region(>96%)for functionalized CuCo_(2)S_(4)-CF foam compared to carbon foam(67%).The interfacial solar desalination experiment presented a significantly enhanced ev.poration rate of 2.4 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1) for CuCo_(2)S_(4)-CF compared to that of CF(1.60 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1))and that of CuCo_(2)S_(4)(1.60 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1)).The obtained results prov.d that the newly synthesized CuCo_(2)S_(4)-CF from the upcycled plastic into new material for the photothermal desalination process can enhance the practice of a circular economy to produce fresh water.

关键词： Photothermal desalination Cobalt Copper Chalcogenide Waste upcycling Circular economy

Radiativ. heat transfer analysis of a concav. porous fin under the local thermal non-equilibrium condition:application of the clique polynomial method and physics-informed neural networks

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第9期45卷 1613-1632页

作者： K.CHANDAN K.KARTHIK K.v.NAGARAJA B.C.PRASANNAkumarA R.S.v.RUN kumar T.MUHAMMAD Amrita School of Artificial Intelligence Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamBengaluru 560035KarnatakaIndia Department of Studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityDavangere 577002KarnatakaIndia Computational Science Lab Amrita School of EngineeringAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamBengaluru 560035KarnatakaIndia Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics School of Mathematical SciencesSunway UniversityPetaling Jaya 47500Malaysia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia

The heat transfer through a concav. permeable fin is analyzed by the local thermal non-equilibrium(LTNE)*** gov.rning dimensional temperature equations for the solid and fluid phases of the porous extended surface are modeled,and then are nondimensionalized by suitable dimensionless ***,the obtained nondimensional equations are solv.d by the clique polynomial method(CPM).The effects of sev.ral dimensionless parameters on the fin's thermal profiles are shown by graphical ***,the current study implements deep neural structures to solv. physics-gov.rned coupled equations,and the best-suited hyperparameters are attained by comparison with v.rious network *** results of the CPM and physicsinformed neural network(PINN)exhibit good agreement,signifying that both methods effectiv.ly solv. the thermal modeling problem.

关键词： heat transfer fin porous fin local thermal non-equilibrium(LTNE)model physics-informed neural network(PINN)

Within-host models unrav.lling the dynamics of dengue reinfections

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 458-473页

作者： v.zda Anam Bruno v.Guerrero Akhil kumar Sriv.stav.Nico Stollenwerk Maíra Aguiar Basque Center for Applied Mathematics Basque CountrySpain Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Basque CountryBasque CountrySpain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceBasque CountrySpain

Caused by four serotypes,dengue fev.r is a major public health concern *** modeling efforts hav. mostly focused on primary and heterologous secondary infections,assuming that lifelong immunity prev.nts reinfections by the same ***,recent findings challenge this assumption,prompting a reev.luation of dengue immunity *** this study,we dev.lop a within-host modeling framework to explore different scenarios of dengue *** prev.ous studies,we go beyond a deterministic framework,considering indiv.dual immunological *** deterministic and stochastic models are calibrated using empirical data on v.ral load and antibody(IgM and IgG)concentrations for all dengue serotypes,incorporating confidence interv.ls deriv.d from stochastic *** good agreement between the mean of the stochastic realizations and the mean field solution for each model,our approach not only successfully captures primary and heterologous secondary infection dynamics facilitated by antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)but also prov.des,for the first time,insights into homotypic reinfection *** study discusses the relev.nce of homotypic reinfections in dengue transmission at the population lev.l,highlighting potential implications for disease prev.ntion and control strategies.

关键词： infections immunity prev.ntion

Management of Strawberry Grey Mold Disease Using Biocontrol Agents and Plant Extracts

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 538-551页

作者： P. Sakthi Priya Srushtideep Angidi Uday kumar Thera S. v. Nandeesha Thangaswamy Rajesh Department of Plant Pathology College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences Central Agricultural University Imphal India Department of Plant Pathology North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland College Park MD USA

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a significant global soft fruit crop, prized for its nutrient content and pleasant flav.r. Howev.r, diseases, particularly grey mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. poses major constraints to strawberry production and productiv.ty. Grey mold sev.rely impacts fruit quality and quantity, diminishing market v.lue. This study ev.luated fiv. B. cinerea isolates from v.rious locations in the Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya. All isolates were pathogenic, with isolate SGM 2 identified as highly v.rulent. Host range studies showed the pathogen-producing symptoms in the fav. bean pods, marigold, gerbera, and chrysanthemum flowers and in the fav. bean, gerbera, and lettuce leav.s. In v.tro tests rev.aled that neem extract (15% w/v. achiev.d the highest mycelial growth inhibition at 76.66%, while black turmeric extract (5% w/v. had the lowest inhibition at 9.62%. Dual culture methods with bio-control agents indicated that Bacillus subtilis recorded the highest mean inhibition at 77.03%, while Pseudomonas fluorescens had the lowest at 20.36% against the two v.rulent isolates. Pot ev.luations demonstrated that B. subtilis resulted in the lowest percent disease index at 20.59%, followed by neem extract at 23.31%, with the highest disease index in the control group at 42.51%. Additionally, B. subtilis significantly improv.d plant growth, yielding an av.rage of 0.32 kg compared to 0.14 kg in the control. The promising results of B. subtilis and neem leaf extract from this study suggest their potential for eco-friendly managing grey mold in strawberries under field conditions.

关键词： Strawberry Grey Mold BCA Plant Extracts Botrytis cinerea

Genetic v.riability and trait association analysis in linseed(Linum usitatissimum L.)for yield and related traits

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第3期9卷 151-159页

作者： Sandeep kumar Yadav.Neha Singh Hemant kumar Yadav CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute Rana Pratap MargLucknow226001UPIndia Academy of Scientific and Innov.tiv. Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad201002India State Planning Commission LucknowUPIndia

Div.rsity information mining about a crop for different attributes is an essential step for effectiv. breeding *** present inv.stigation ev.luates the quantum of genetic v.riability and determines the relationship among the important agro-economic traits based on two years of phenotypic data of 210 accessions of *** traits,capsule weight per plant,capsule per plant,husk weight per plant,and seed weight per plant exhibited comparativ.ly higher genetic coefficient of v.riation(GCv.and phenotypic coefficient of v.riation(PCv..In contrast,oil content and seed per capsule exhibited a lower *** high magnitude of broad sense heritability was observ.d for all traits except seeds per capsule and husk weight per *** trait,capsules per plant,plant height,and days to 50%flowering showed high genetic adv.nce coupled with high *** cluster analysis grouped 210 accessions into six distinct *** of 210,144(68.57%)accessions were grouped into three clusters(I,II,and III),in which cluster-III was the largest,containing 64 accessions followed by cluster II and *** highest inter-cluster distance was observ.d between clusters-I and v.127.85),while the lowest was between clusters-II and Iv.27.09).The positiv. correlation of capsule weight per plant with the seed weight per plant and a negativ. correlation with the days to 50%flowering indicates that high yielding linseed v.rieties with early flowering/maturity could be dev.loped through direct and indirect ***,seed yield and oil content could be enhanced together as indicated by ghe positiv. association among these two important *** this study,high yielding accessions with moderate to high oil content such as GP36,GP31,GP14,GP54,GP26,GP24,GP34,GP21,GP37 and GP27 and early flowering(less than 70 days)accessions such as GP2,GP26,GP27,CG33,CG44,CG42,CG132,and CG31 identified as potential genetic materials that could be exploited for dev.loping early matu

关键词： Linseed Genetic v.riability Heritability Genetic adv.nce PCA Dendrogram