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Genomics and introgression： Discovery and mapping of thousands of species-diagnostic SNPs using RAD sequencing

Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 146-154页

作者： Brian K. HAND tyler D. HETHER Ryan P. KOVACH Clint C. MUHLFELD Stephen j. AMISH Matthew C. BOYER Sean M. O'ROURKE Michael R. MILLER Winsor H. LOWE Paul A. HOHENLOHE Gordon LUIKART Flathead Lake Biological Station Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group University of Montana Poison MT 59860 USA Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA U. S. Geological Survey Northem Rocky Mountain Science Center Glacier National Park West Glacier Montana 59936 USA Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group Division of Biological Sciences The University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812USA Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks Kalispell Montana 59901 USA Department of Animal Science University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA University of Montana Division of Biological Sciences Missoula Montana 59812 USA

Invasive hybridization and introgression pose a serious threat to the persistence of many native species. Understanding the effects of hybridization on native populations (e.g., fitness consequences) requires numerous species-diagnostic loci distributed genome-wide. Here we used RAD sequencing to discover thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are diagnostic between rainbow trout (RBT,Oncorhynchus mykiss), the world’s most widely introduced fish, and native westslope cutthroat trout (WCT,O. clarkii lewisi) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We advanced previous work that identified 4,914 species-diagnostic loci by using longer sequence reads (100 bpvs. 60 bp) and a larger set of individuals (n =84). We sequenced RAD libraries for individuals from diverse sampling sources, including native populations of WCT and hatchery broodstocks of WCT and RBT. We also took advantage of a newly released reference genome assembly for RBT to align our RAD loci. In total, we discovered 16,788 putatively diagnostic SNPs, 10,267 of which we mapped to anchored chromosome locations on the RBT genome. A small portion of previously discovered putative diagnostic loci (325 of 4,914) were no longer diagnostic (i.e., fixed between species) based on our wider survey of non-hybridized RBT and WCT individuals. Our study suggests that RAD loci mapped to a draft genome assembly could provide the marker density required to identify genes and chromosomal regions influencing selection in admixed populations of conservation concern and evolutionary interest.

关键词：单核苷酸多态性基因渗入基因组学诊断座 RAD 迹映射测序和数

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Evolving technologies for growing,imaging and analyzing 3D root system architecture of crop plants

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 230-241页

作者： Miguel A.Pieros Brandon G.Larson jon E.Shaff David j.Schneider Alexandre Xavier Falcao Lixing Yuan Randy T.Clark Eric j.Craft tyler W.Davis Pierre-Luc Pradier Nathanael M.Shaw Ithipong Assaranurak Susan R.Mc Couch Craig Sturrock Malcolm Bennett Leon V.Kochian USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health538 Tower RoadIthacaNY 14580USA Department of Information Systems Institute of ComputingUniversity of CampinasAv.Albert Einstein1251CEP 13083-852CampinasSPBrazil Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Centre for Plant Integrative Biology School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDUK College of Science King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

A plant＇s ability to maintain or improve its yield under limiting conditions,such as nutrient de ficiency or drought,can be strongly in fluenced by root system architecture（RSA）,the three-dimensional distribution of the different root types in the soil. The ability to image,track and quantify these root system attributes in a dynamic fashion is a useful tool in assessing desirable genetic and physiological root traits. Recent advances in imaging technology and phenotyping software have resulted in substantive progress in describing and quantifying RSA. We have designed a hydroponic growth system which retains the three-dimensional RSA of the plant root system,while allowing for aeration,solution replenishment and the imposition of nutrient treatments,as well as high-quality imaging of the root system. The simplicity and flexibility of the system allows for modi fications tailored to the RSA of different crop species and improved throughput. This paper details the recent improvements and innovations in our root growth and imaging system which allows for greater image sensitivity（detection of fine roots and other root details）,higher ef ficiency,and a broad array of growing conditions for plants that more closely mimic those found under field conditions.

关键词： Abiotic stress digital root phenotyping mineral nutrition root system architecture

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Maize Carbohydrate Partitioning Defective33 Encodes an MCTP Protein and Functions in Sucrose Export from Leaves

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Molecular Plant 2019年第9期12卷 1278-1293页

作者： Thu M.Tran tyler j.McCubbin Saadia Bihmidine Benjamin T.julius R.Frank Baker Martin Schauflinger Clifford Weil Nathan Springer Paul Chomet Ruth Wagner jeff Woessner Karen Grote jeanette Peevers Thomas L.Slewinski David M.Braun Division of Biological Sciences’Interdisciplinary Plant Group Missouri Maize CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Division of Plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Electron Microscopy Core Facility University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Agronomy Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA NRGene Inc. 8910 University Center Lane\r\n S u ite 400San DiegoCA 92122USA Bayer Crop Science ChesterfieldMO 63017USA National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Technology Agricultural Genetics InstituteHanoiVietnam

To sustain plant growth,development,and crop yield,sucrose must be transported from leaves to distant parts of the plant,such as seeds and *** identify genes that regulate sucrose accumulation and transport in maize(Zea mays),we isolated carbo/iydrafe part/f/ofi/ngf defecf/Ve33(cpd33),a recessive mutant that accumulated excess starch and soluble sugars in mature *** cpd33 mutants also exhibited chlorosis in the leaf blades,greatly diminished plant growth,and reduced ***33 encodes a protein containing multiple C2 domains and transmembrane *** localization experiments showed the CPD33 protein localized to plasmodesmata(PD),the plasma membrane,and the endoplasmic *** also found that a loss-of-function mutant of the CPD33 homolog in Arabidopsis,QUIRKY,had a similar carbohydrate hyperaccumulation *** labeled sucrose transport assays showed that sucrose export was significantly lower in cpd33 mutant leaves relative to wild-type ***,PD transport in the adaxial-abaxial direction was unaffected in cpd33 mutant ***,transmission electron microscopy revealed fewer PD at the companion cell-sieve element interface in mutant phloem tissue,providing a possible explanation for the reduced sucrose export in mutant ***,our results suggest that CPD33 functions to promote symplastic transport into sieve elements.

关键词： carbohydrate accumulation companion cells phloem, plasmodesmata sieve elements symplastictransport

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恢复人体的触觉

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科技纵览 2016年第5期 26-31页

作者： Dustin j.tyler Mike McGregor

伊格尔·斯派蒂克（IgorSpetic）戴上眼罩和降噪耳机，摸索到他面前的碗里，伸手进去摸到了一个樱桃的茎，并顺势拿起了樱桃。他用的是左手，他自己的手。

关键词：触觉降噪耳机樱桃

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煤的快速热分介——褐煤在小型流化床反应器中脱挥发份

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煤炭转化 1982年第1期 25-33页

作者： R.j.tyler 赵振本

用小型流化床热介器研究了磨细的澳大利亚 Loy Yang 褐煤（<0.2毫米）在快速加热条件下的脱挥发份性能。热介器连续运行,煤以1～3克/小时的加料速度直接加入用氮气流化的砂子床内。颗粒的加热速度可能超过10℃/秒。在热介温度范围为435... 详细信息

用小型流化床热介器研究了磨细的澳大利亚 Loy Yang 褐煤（<0.2毫米）在快速加热条件下的脱挥发份性能。热介器连续运行,煤以1～3克/小时的加料速度直接加入用氮气流化的砂子床内。颗粒的加热速度可能超过10℃/秒。在热介温度范围为435～900℃内,记录了焦油、C1—C3碳氢化合物和总挥发物的收率。在580℃得到了23%（重量）的最大焦油收率（以干燥无灰煤为基准）。比 Fisc-her 检定法得到的数量增加60%。C1—C3碳氢化合物的收率随温度升高而增加,在900℃时达到8%。元素分析表明,焦油和半焦组份极大地取决于热介温度。也采用煤中添加水份,用氢气流化和用石油焦代替砂子流化床等方法,研究了煤脱挥发份的效果。

关键词：挥发份碳氢化合物挥发物乙烷挥发分烷烃半焦流化床反应器沸腾床反应器焦油收集器收率褐煤柴煤

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将汽车IC中的闩锁敏感度降至最低

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世界电子元器件 2008年第7期 26-28页

作者： john j Naughton Matthew A tyler 安森美半导体

对于半导体供应商而占,要对汽车应用的新jC设计进行合格验证,通过闩锁免疫性测试是一项挑战。芯片设计人员可能需要在裸片上增加关键晶体管的物理间隔,但实际上,此举不会带来任何明显的好处,在某些情况下甚至还可能产生某些副作用。理... 详细信息

对于半导体供应商而占,要对汽车应用的新jC设计进行合格验证,通过闩锁免疫性测试是一项挑战。芯片设计人员可能需要在裸片上增加关键晶体管的物理间隔,但实际上,此举不会带来任何明显的好处,在某些情况下甚至还可能产生某些副作用。理解其原因以及如何预测闩锁阈值，就可以应用有效的布线技巧和保护结构，满足闩锁免疫目标的最佳实践方法。

关键词：汽车应用闩锁敏感度 IC 半导体供应商设计人员保护结构实践方法

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煤的快速热分解——烟煤在小型流化床反应器中脱挥发份

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煤炭转化 1982年第1期 34-44页

作者： R.j.tyler 祝岳民

采用小型流化床反应器,在快速加热的情况下研究了10种烟煤的脱挥发份性能。热介器系连续运行,煤粒以每小时1—3克的速度,用氮气直接喷入流化的热砂床中。报导了所有煤的焦油收率,C1—C3碳氢化合物气体收率及总挥发产物和粘结指数。约在... 详细信息

采用小型流化床反应器,在快速加热的情况下研究了10种烟煤的脱挥发份性能。热介器系连续运行,煤粒以每小时1—3克的速度,用氮气直接喷入流化的热砂床中。报导了所有煤的焦油收率,C1—C3碳氢化合物气体收率及总挥发产物和粘结指数。约在600℃获得最大的焦油收率,而且总是比葛—全（Gray—King）试验得到的高得多。总的挥发物收率也比工业分析值高得多。最大的焦油收率看来是与煤的 H/C 原子比成正比。焦油的元素分析极大地取决于热介温度。焦油的H/C 原子比与原料煤的 H/C 原子比成正比例。同时也研究了由于改变热介器的气氛和流化床物料的性质对两种煤脱挥发份性能的影响。用氢、氦,二氧化碳或水蒸汽代替氮气,对焦油的收率没有影响,而且（有一个例外）对碳氢化合物气体收率稍有影响。在氢存在下于600℃以上温度时,甲烷的收率增加了。用石油焦代替砂子作流化床物料时,焦油收率大为降低。活性炭流化床实际上不产生焦油。

关键词：热解器挥发物快速热解化合物油收率流化床反应器沸腾床反应器原子比挥发份挥发分烟煤煤炭

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Local immunotherapy with interleuk in-2 delivered from biodegradable p olymer microspheres combined with interstitial chemotherapy:a novel treatme nt for experimental malignant glioma

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癌症 2003年第7期22卷 752-752页

作者： Rhines LD DiMeco F Lawson HC tyler BM Hanes j Olivi A Brem H

OBjECTIVE:Local delivery of carmustine(BCNU)from biodegradable polymers prolon gs survival against experimental brain ***,paracrine administration of inte rleukin-2(IL-2)has been shown to elicit a potent antitumor immune response and to improve survival in animal brain tumor *** r eport the use of a novel polymeric mic rosphere delivery vehicle to release *** demonstr ate both in vitro release of cytokine from the microspheres and histological evidence of the inflammatory response elicited by I L-2released from the microspheres i n the rat *** microspheres a re used to deliver IL-2,and biodegradable polymer wafers are used to deliver BCNU,directly at the site of an intracranially implanted glioma in the *** two agents administered locally show a s ynergistic ***:Fischer 344rats challenged intracranially with 9L gliosarcoma received an intracranial implant of either empty microspheres or microspheres containing IL-2(IL-2MS ).Five days later,animals in each group were randomized to receiv e polymer implants loaded with 0,3.8,or 10%BCNU at the tumor ***:Animals that received the combination of IL-2MS a nd 3.8%BCNU polymer(median survival,28.5d )or IL-2MS and 10%BCNU polymer(median survival,45.5d )showed significantly improved surv ival compared with animals that rece ived monotherapy with IL-2microsph eres(median survival,24d ),3.8%BCNU polymer(median survival,24d ),or 10%BCNU polymer(median survival,32.5d ).Control animals had a median survival of *** combination of either 3.8or 10%BCNU polymer with IL-2MS resulted in 7and 25%long-term survivors,***:By showing synergy of IL-2and BCNU in an animal glioma model and using a reproducible synthetic delivery sy stem for each agent (i.e.,one that did not rely on genetic ally engineered cells or viruses),we hope that the combination of local immunotherapy and chemotherapy can take an important step closer to clinical applic ation in patients with

关键词：实验性神经胶质瘤 IL-2 腔内化疗

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Evaluation of ambient mass spectrometry tools for assessing inherent postharvest pepper quality

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2252-2259页

作者： tyler j.Mason Harmonie M.Bettenhausen jacqueline M.Chaparro Mark E.Uchanski jessica E.Prenni Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80524USA

Horticulturists are interested in evaluating how cultivar,environment,or production system inputs can affect postharvest *** mass spectrometry approaches enable analysis of minimally processed samples under ambient conditions and offer an attractive high-throughput alternative for assessing quality characteristics in plant ***,we evaluate direct analysis in real time(DART-MS)mass spectrometry and rapid evaporative ionization-mass spectrometry(REIMS)to assess quality characteristics in various pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)***-MS exhibited the ability to discriminate between pod colors and pungency based on chemical fingerprints,while REIMS could distinguish pepper market class(e.g.,bell,lunchbox,and popper).Furthermore,DART-MS analysis resulted in the putative detection of important bioactive compounds in human diet such as vitamin C,p-coumaric acid,and *** results of this study demonstrate the potential for these approaches as accessible and reliable tools for high throughput screening of pepper quality.

关键词： cultivar pepper ambient

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煤的快速热解所得焦油的化学结构

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煤炭转化 1982年第1期 54-62页

作者： P.j.Collin R.j.tyler 台启明

澳大利亚的一种褐煤和两种烟煤,经快速热解后,用~1H 核磁共振分光仪研究其焦油的结构和组成。煤在流化床中的反应时间约为1秒钟。当热解温度在650℃以下时,每种焦油的芳香氢含量随热解温度的增加而稍有增加;但在650～900℃时,则随热解... 详细信息

澳大利亚的一种褐煤和两种烟煤,经快速热解后,用~1H 核磁共振分光仪研究其焦油的结构和组成。煤在流化床中的反应时间约为1秒钟。当热解温度在650℃以下时,每种焦油的芳香氢含量随热解温度的增加而稍有增加;但在650～900℃时,则随热解温度而迅速增加。其芳香碳含量随热解温度直线增加。芳香碳收率在600—700℃达到最大值,然后降低;芳香氢收率则与温度无关。稠环结构的芳香族物质的比例随温度的增加而增加。认为有三种反应性的温度区:(1)在600℃以下,聚亚甲基链和芳香基团是稳定的。(2)在600～700℃之间,脂肪族取代物(除α基团外)均分解。(3)在700～900℃之间,α脂肪族基团和芳香族基团也分解,导致焦油收率减少。

关键词：氢含量收率芳香族芳香环热解温度芳香结构分子结构脂肪族芳香碳快速热解所得

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