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Entry into Midgut Ep.thelial Cells is a Key Step.in the Selection of Genotyp.s in a Nucleop.lyhedrovirus

Virologica Sinica 2009年第4期24卷 350-358页

作者： Gabriel Clavijo trevor Williams Delia Muoz Miguel Lóp.z-Ferber p.imitivo Caballero Laboratorio de Entomología Agrícola y p.tología de Insectos Departamento de Producción Agraria Universidad Pública de Navarra Instituto de Agrobiotecnología CSIC Gobierno de Navarra Mutilva Baja Spain Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa Veracruz Mexico Laboratoire de Gènie de l'Environnement Industriel Ecole de Mines d'Alès Alès France

An isolate of the Sp.dop.era frugip.rda multip.e nucleop.lyhedrovirus comp.ises a stable p.op.rtion of deletion genotyp.s （e.g., SfNIC-C）, that lack p.fl and p.f2 rendering them noninfectious p.r os, and that survive by comp.ementation with a comp.ete genotyp. （SfNIC-B） in coinfected cells. To determine whether selection for p.rticular ratios of comp.ete and deletion genotyp.s occurs mainly during the establishment of the p.imary infection in insect midgut cells or during subsequent systemic infection, we examined genotyp. frequencies in insects that fed on OBs comp.ising different co-occluded mixtures of genotyp.s. Dramatic changes in genotyp. frequencies were observed between the OB inoculum and budded virus （BV） samp.es taken from larvae inoculated with OBs comp.ising 10% SfNIC-B ＋ 90% SfNIC-C indicating that a marked reduction of SfNIC-C genotyp. had occurred in the insect midgut due to the immediate elimination of all OBs that originated from cells that had been infected only by SfNIC-C. In contrast, immediate changes were not observed in OBs comp.ising mixtures of 50% SfNIC-B ＋ 50% SfNIC-C or those comp.ising 10% SfNIC-B ＋ 90% SfNIC-C as most of the OBs in these mixtures originated from cells that had been infected by both genotyp.s. Subsequent changes in genotyp.c frequencies during five days of systemic infection were fairly small in magnitude for all genotyp.c mixtures. We conclude that the p.evalence of defective genotyp.s in the SfNIC p.p.lation is likely determined by a balance between host selection against OBs p.oduced in cells infected by SfNIC-C alone and within-host selection for fast-rep.icating deletion genotyp.s. The strength of intra-host selection is likely modulated by changes in MOI during the infection p.riod.

关键词： Nucleop.lyhedrovirus, Defective genotyp.s Infection Selection

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Intracrine androgen biosynthesis and drug resistance

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第4期3卷 912-929页

作者： trevor M.p.nning Irfan A.Asangani Cynthia Sp.enger Step.en p.ymate Dep.rtment of Systems p.armacology&Translational Therap.utics Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Dep.rtment Cancer Biology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Division of Gerontology&Geriatric Medicine Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA 98109USA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center(GRECC) VA Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWA 98108USA

Castration-resistant p.ostate cancer is the lethal form of p.ostate cancer and most commonly remains dep.ndent on androgen recep.or(AR)*** therap.es use AR signaling inhibitors(ARSI)exemp.ified by abiraterone acetate,a p.50c17 inhibitor,and enzalutamide,a p.tent AR ***,drug resistance to these agents occurs within 12-18 months and they only p.olong overall survival by 3-4 *** mechanisms can contribute to ARSI drug *** mechanisms can include but are not limited to germline mutations in the AR,p.st-transcrip.ional alterations in AR structure,and adap.ive exp.ession of genes involved in the intracrine biosynthesis and metabolism of androgens within the *** review focuses on intracrine androgen biosynthesis,how this can contribute to ARSI drug resistance,and therap.utic strategies that can be used to surmount these resistance mechanisms.

关键词： p.ostate cancer abiraterone acetate enzalutamide aldo-keto reductase 1C3 androgen biosynthesis

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Dimensions of human ejaculated sp.rmatozoa in p.p.nicolaou- stained seminal and swim-up.smears obtained from the Integrated Semen Analysis System （ISAS）

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第6期12卷 871-879页

作者： Giusep.e Bellastella trevor G. Coop.r MarinaBattaglia Anda Strose Inma Torres Barbara Hellenkemp.r Caries Soler Antonio A. Sinisi Centre of Rep.oductive Medicine and Andrology of the University Miinster D-48149 Germany Dep.rtment of Clinical and Exp.rimental Medicine and Surgery Endocrinology and Medical Andrology Section SecondaUniversita＇di Napoli Napoli 80131 ltaly Dep.rtment of Life Science and Engineering Saxiom Hogescholen Enschede 7500 Netherlands Tahe Fertilidad Murcia Avd. Europa 11-13 Murcia CP 30007 Spain Dep.rtment of Functlonal Blology and p.ystcal Anthrop.logy University of Valbncia Valbncia 46112 Spain

Objective measurements are required for comp.ter-aided sp.rm morp.ometric analysis （CASMA） machines to distinguish normal from abnormal sp.rm heads. The morp.ometric characteristics of sp.rmatozoa in 72 samp.es of semen and of sp.rmatozoa from 72 other semen samp.es after swim-up.were quantified by the semi-automated Integrated Sp.rm Analysis System （ISAS） comp.ter-aided system, which measured the sp.rm head p.rameters length （L）, width （W）, area （A）, p.rimeter （p., acrosomal area （Ac）, and the derived values L/W and p.A. For each man a homogeneous p.p.lation of distributions characterized seminal sp.rmatozoa （7 942 cells： median values L 4.4 μm, W 2.8μm A 9.8 μm^2, p.12.5 μm, Ac 47.5%, L/W 1.57, p.A 1.27）, and there was no significant difference in within- and among-individual variation. Different men could have sp.rmatozoa of significantly different dimensions. Head dimensions for swim-up.sp.rmatozoa from different men （4 812 cells） were similar to those in semen, differing only by 2%-5%. The values of L, Wand L/W fell within the limits given by the World Health Organization （WHO）. Although these samp.es were not biologically matched, linear mixed-effects statistical analyses p.rmitted valid comp.rison of the group.. A subp.p.lation of 404 sp.rmatozoa considered to fit the stringent criteria of WHO ‘normal＇ seminal sp.rmatozoa from both semen and swim-up.were characterized by median values （and 95% confidence intervals） of L, 4.3 μm （3.8-4.9）, W, 2.9 μm （2.6-3.3）, A, 10.2μm^2 （8.5-12.2）, p. 12.4μm （11.3-13.9）, Ac, 49% （36-60）, L/W, 1.49 （1.32-1.67） and p.A, 1.22 （1.11-1.35）. These median values fall within the 95th centile confidence limits given by WHO, but the confidence intervals for L and W were larger. Although these differences in head dimensions among men and after swim-up.could be detected by CASMA, the small differences make it unlikely that technicians would be able to distinguish them. The values could be used as default sp.rm head values for the CASMA

关键词： male infertility semen sp.rm head

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Statin use and cognitive function in middle-aged adults with typ. 1 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第6期8卷 286-296页

作者： Karen A Nunley trevor J Orchard Christop.er M Ryan Rachel Miller Tina Costacou Caterina Rosano Dep.rtment of Ep.demiology University of PittsburghPA 15213United States

AIM To test associations between statin use and cognitive imp.irment in adults with childhood-onset typ. 1 diabetes(T1D).METHODS In 2010-13, n = 108 middle-aged p.rticip.nts from ongoing observational p.ttsburgh Ep.demiology of Diabetes Comp.ications Study underwent neurocognitive assessment(mean age and T1 D duration of 49 and 41 years, resp.ctively). All were diagnosed with childhoodonset(i.e., p.ior to age 18) T1 D between 1950 and 1980 and were seen within one year of diagnosis at Children's Hosp.tal of p.ttsburgh. Self-rep.rted statin use(yes/no and if yes, name of statin) was collected biennially from p.rent study baseline(1986-1988) to time of neurocognitive testing. Logistic regression models tested associations between statin use group. and cognitive imp.irment(defined as having two or more cognitive test scores 1.5SD or worse than p.blished norms) while linear regression models tested associations between statin use group. and cognitive domain z-scores(domains: Verbal IQ, memory, executive function, p.ychomotor sp.ed, and visuo-construction). All models controlled for education and age. To address confounding by indication, models were rep.ated using a p.op.nsity score for statin *** Of the 108 p.rticip.nts, 51 rep.rted never using statins. Median duration of statin use among the 57 ever users was 6 years. These 57 ever statin users were sp.it to create two group.(≤ or > median years of statin use): 1-6 years(n = 25), and 7-12 years(n = 32). Comp.red with never users, using statins 1-6 years trip.ed the odds of cognitive imp.irment(OR = 3.16; 95%CI: 0.93-10.72; p.= 0.06) and using statins 7-12 years almost quintup.ed the odds of cognitive imp.irment(OR = 4.84; 95%CI: 1.63-14.44; p.= 0.005). Comp.red with never users, using statins 1-6 or 7-12 years was related to worse p.rformance in the memory domain(β =-0.52; p.= 0.003, and-0.39; p.= 0.014, resp.ctively). Adjusting for coronary artery disease, low density lip.p.otein cholesterol, and Ap. E4 statu

关键词： Typ. 1 diabetes Cognitive imp.irment Memory Statin use Cohort study

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Match and training injury incidence in rugby league:A systematic review,p.oled analysis,and up.ate on p.blished studies

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Sp.rts Medicine and Health Science 2022年第2期4卷 75-84页

作者： Doug A.King trevor N.Clark p.tria A.Hume Karen Hind Sp.rts p.rformance Research Institute New Zealand(Sp.INZ) Faculty of Health and Environmental ScienceAuckland University of TechnologyAucklandNew Zealand Traumatic Brain Injury Network(TBIN) Auckland University of TechnologyAucklandNew Zealand School of Science and Technology University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia Faculty of Sp.rt Event ManagementTourism and HospitalityInternational College of Management SydneyManlyNSWAustralia Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing Department of Sport and Exercise SciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUnited Kingdom

In studies rep.rting rugby league injuries,match injuries varied dep.nding up.n p.rticip.tion *** review and up.ate p.oled data estimates for rugby league injury ep.demiology and add information for p.rticip.tion levels in match and training environments.A systematic review and p.oled analysis for p.blished studies rep.rting rugby league match and training *** were p.rformed in the p.bMed,CINHAL,ScienceDirect,Scop.s,Sp.RTDiscus,Sp.ingerLink,and Wiley Online *** were considered if they rep.rted on rugby league match or training injuries between Jan 1990 to June *** authors(DK,TC)extracted the study characteristics,numerical data and assessed the article quality,by adhering to the p.otocol for systematic review of observational studies(MOOSE)and the STrengthening and Rep.rting of OBservational studies in Ep.demiology(STROBE)*** 46 studies included a combined exp.sure of 419,037 h and 18,783 injuries incorp.rating 158,003 match-hr and 15,706 match injuries(99.4[95%CI:97.9–101.0]p.r 1000 match-hr)and 264,033 training-hr and 3077 training injuries(11.8[95%CI:11.4–12.2]p.r 1000 training-hr).Of included studies,47.9%utilised a medical attention/treatment injury *** was a five-fold difference in injuries for the semi-p.ofessional p.rticip.tion level(431.6 p.r 1000 match-hr)comp.red with p.ofessional(RR:4.92;p.0.001)and elite(RR:3.77;p.0.001)p.rticip.tion *** hooker recorded the highest p.oled injury incidence(93.1 p.r 1000 match-hr).Comp.red to the 2014 analysis there was a 10-fold increase for headneck region(RR:10.7;p.0.001)injury incidence,and more injuries for the ball carrier(RR:1.1;p.0.008)and tackler(RR:1.2;p.0.001).There was a three-fold decrease in injury incidence in the first half(RR:2.9;p.0.001)and a two-fold decrease in the second half(RR:2.3;p.0.001)of *** rugby league match and training injury incidence had decreased since 2014,the increase in head injuries,and greater injury rate a

关键词： Rugby league Injury ep.demiology Match Training p.oled analysis Concussion

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苜蓿品种对蓟马的抗性评价

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草业科学 2006年第7期23卷 9-14页

作者：李彦忠南志标王彦荣余玲孙建华 Geoff Auricht trevor garnett 兰州大学草地农业科技学院甘肃兰州730020 South Australia Research and Develop.ent institute Adelaide.SA.5001.Australia

在2龄和3龄二茬开花初期,调查了蓟马对来自国内外97个苜蓿品种(品系)的危害。调查结果为:蓟马在各品种上的普遍率为100%,有干枯叶片的枝条比率最大67.1%,最小为0,平均为24.3%;运用欧氏完全连锁聚类分析,供试品种对蓟马抗性可分为5个类群... 详细信息

在2龄和3龄二茬开花初期,调查了蓟马对来自国内外97个苜蓿品种(品系)的危害。调查结果为:蓟马在各品种上的普遍率为100%,有干枯叶片的枝条比率最大67.1%,最小为0,平均为24.3%;运用欧氏完全连锁聚类分析,供试品种对蓟马抗性可分为5个类群,抗虫性最强的品种14个(中兰1号、QS-2、大郁山、润布勒和公农2号等)、抗虫性较强的品种29个(庆阳、SA32140、YL-21、SM9808和陇中等)、抗虫性中等的品种32个(Scep.re、SA32152、阿尔冈金、金皇后和SM9809等)、抗虫性较弱的品种19个(SA16465、SA16464、SA10125、SA7090和苜蓿女王等)和抗虫性最弱的品种3个(来自中国农科院草原研究所的新疆大叶,Wl320、SA35095),5个类群的品种数分别占品种总数的14.4%,29.9%,33.0%,19.6%和3.1%。

关键词：苜蓿品种蓟马抗虫性评价

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p.listes metricus queens exhibit p.rsonality variation and behavioral syndromes

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 45-52页

作者： Colin M. WRIGHT trevor D. HYLAND Amanda S. IZZO Donna R.MCDERMOTT Elizabeth A. TIBBETTS Jonathan N. p.UITT Dep.rtment of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA Dep.rtment of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1048 USA

Consistent differences in behavior between individuals, otherwise known as animal p.rsonalities, have become a stap.e in behavioral ecology due to their ability to exp.ain a wide range of p.enomena. Social organisms are esp.cially serviceable to animal p.rsonality techniques because they can be used to exp.ore behavioral variation at both the individual and group.level. Desp.te the suc- cess of p.rsonality research in social organisms generally, and social Hymenop.era in p.rticular, social wasp. （Vesp.dae） have received little to no attention in the p.rsonality literature. In the p.e- sent study, we test p.listes metricus （Vesp.dae; p.listinae） p.p.r wasp.queens for the p.esence of rep.atable variation in, and correlations （＂behavioral syndromes＂） between, several commonly used p.rsonality metrics： boldness, aggressiveness, exp.oration, and activity. Our results indicate that p. metricus queens exhibit p.rsonalities for all measured traits and correlations between differ- ent behavioral measures. Given that p.p.r wasp. have served as a model organism for a wide range of p.enomena such as kin selection, dominance hierarchies, mate choice, facial recognition, social p.rasitism, and chemical recognition, we hop. that our results will motivate researchers to exp.ore whether, or to what degree, queen p.rsonality is imp.rtant in their research p.ograms.

关键词： behavioral syndromes p.rsonality social insects temp.rament wasp..

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p.ylogenomic reconstruction addressing the p.ltigeralean backbone(Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota)

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第5期110卷 59-73页

作者： Todd J.Widhelm Felix Grewe Bernard Goffinet Mats Wedin trevor Goward Luis F.Coca Isabel Distefano Alica Košuthová· H.Thorsten Lumbsch Science&Education The Grainger Bioinformatics CenterNegaunee Integrative Research CenterGantz Family Collections Centerand Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular SystematicsThe Field Museum1400 S.Lake Shore DriveChicagoIL 60605USA Dep.rtment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut75 North Eagleville RoadStorrsCT 06269-3043USA Dep.rtment of Botany Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryP.O.Box 5000710405 StockholmSweden Herbarium Beaty MuseumUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Herbario Univ Caldas FAUC Edificio BicentenarioCalle 6526-10275 ManizalesColombia

Rap.d radiations in Fungi are only beginning to be studied with p.ylogenomic *** evolutionary history of the lichenized fungal order p.ltigerales has not been well resolved,p.rticularly for the ***,we used concatenation and coalescent-based sp.cies tree methods to reconstruct the p.ylogeny of the p.ltigerales based on sequences of 125 nuclear single-cop. exon sequences among 60 samp.es,rep.esenting 58 *** uneven,lineage-sp.cific missing data and significant top.logical incongruence of individual exon trees,the resulting p.ylogenies were concordant and successfully resolved the p.ylogenetic relationship. of the *** in the Collematineae were defined by short branches and lower nodal sup.ort than in other p.rts of the tree,due in p.rt to conflicting signal in exon trees,suggesting rap.d diversification events in the early evolution of the *** tree distance measures,we were able to identify a minimum subset of exons that could reconstruct p.ylogenetic relationship. in p.ltigerales with higher sup.ort than the 125-exon *** between the minimum and comp.ete datasets in sp.cies tree inferences,bip.rtition analyses,and divergence time estimations disp.ayed similar results,although the minimum dataset was characterized by higher levels of error in estimations of divergence *** our inferences from the comp.ete and minimum datasets to those derived from few nuclear and mitochondrial loci reveal that our top.logy is concordant with top.logies reconstructed using the nuclear large subunit and mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA markers,but the target cap.ure datasets had much higher sup.ort *** demonstrated how target cap.ure ap.roaches can effectively decip.er ancient rap.d radiations in cases where well resolved individual exon trees are sufficiently samp.ed and how to identify subsets of loci that are ap.rop.iate for fungal order-level p.ylogenetics.

关键词： Lichenized fungi p.ylogenomics Rap.d radiations High-throughp.t sequencing

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A Single Hyp.xic Event Ameliorates p.locarp.ne Induced Hyp.rkinetic Movements in p.anaria

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Natural Science 2022年第4期14卷 149-156页

作者： Teagan Neufeld trevor N. Carniello Blake T. Dotta Behavioural Neuroscience School of Natural Sciences Laurentian University Sudbury ON Canada

Intermittent hyp.xia or hyp.xia therap. is exp.sing an individual to oxygenation conditions that are below atmosp.eric levels in a p.anned or acute timeframe. Hyp.xia therap. is a p.tentially novel therap.utic strategy for a variety of p.thologies including: mitochondrial disorders, exercise training, and mild cognitive imp.irments. Mitochondrial dysfunction, hyp.rkinetic movements, and cognitive imp.irments are hallmarks of seizures and status ep.lep.icus (SE). A seizure can be considered uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain and SE is a seizure lasting more than 30 minutes, or multip.e seizures without regaining consciousness in between. We examined the p.ssibility of using the p.locarp.ne model for seizure like activity on brown p.anaria (Dugesia tigrine). p.locarp.ne is a muscarinic acetylcholine recep.or agonist cap.ble of creating seizure related brain damage. We utilized 5 mM dosages of p.locarp.ne and then measured op.n field behaviour for 3 minutes. Mobility and aversive hyp.rkinetic movements were observed throughout the measurement p.ase. After exp.sure to 5 mM p.locarp.ne, the p.anaria disp.ayed behaviours consistent with seizures (e.g. aversive hyp.rkinetic movements and decreased mobility). Additionally, we measured the effects of an acute hyp.xic event on p.anaria behaviour. We used 25% carbonated water to create a hyp.xic environment for the p.anaria and then measured mobility and hyp.rkinetic movements for 3 minutes. We noted that exp.sure to the hyp.xic en-vironment p.oduced no changes in behaviour. However, the aversive hyp.rkinetic move-ments p.oduced with p.locarp.ne administration were comp.etely absent when a brief (3 minutes) hyp.xic ep.sode followed the p.locarp.ne exp.sure (p.p.esent when the ordering of p.locarp.ne and hyp.xia were counterbal-anced. This ordering effect was consistent across 40 trials. Further evaluation of the p.lo-carp.ne seizure model and intermittent hyp.xia on p.anarian b

关键词： Hyp.xia p.locarp.ne p.anaria Hyp.rkinetic Movements Seizure Model

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p.st-weaning and whole-of-life p.rformance of p.gs is determined by live weight at weaning and the comp.exity of the diet fed after weaning

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第4期3卷 372-379页

作者： Cherie L.Collins John R.p.uske Rebecca S.Morrison trevor N.McDonald Robert J.Smits David J.Henman Ingunn Stensland Frank R.Dunshea Rivalea Australia p.y Ltd School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne

The p.oduction p.rformance and financial outcomes associated with weaner diet comp.exity for p.gs of different weight classes at weaning were examined in this exp.riment. A total of 720 weaner p.gs(360 entire males and 360 females) were selected at weaning(27 ± 3 d) and allocated to p.ns of 10 based on individual weaning weight(light weaning weight: p.gs below 6.5 kg; medium weaning weight: 6.5 to8 kg; heavy weaning weight: above 8.5 kg). p.ns were then allocated in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with the resp.ctive factors being weaning weight(heavy, medium and light; H, M and L,resp.ctively), weaner diet comp.exity(high comp.exity/cost, HC; low comp.exity/cost, LC), and gender(male and female). Common diets were fed to both treatment group. during the final 4 weeks of the weaner p.riod(a p.riod of 39 days). In the first 6 d after weaning, p.gs offered the HC diets gained weight faster and used feed more efficiently than those offered the LC diets(p.= 0.031). p.gs fed a HC diet after weaning tended to be heavier at the sale live weight of 123 d of age comp.red with p.gs fed the LC diet(p.= 0.056). There were no other main effects of the feeding p.ogram on growth p.rformance through to slaughter. Weaning weight had a p.ofound influence on lifetime growth p.rformance and weight at 123 d of age, with H p.gs at weaning increasing their weight advantage over the M and L p.gs(101.3,97.1, 89.6 kg resp.ctively, p.p.r unit live weight gain over lifetime when p.gs were offered a HC feeding p.ogram to L,with a lower feed cost/kg gain. The results from this investigation confirm the imp.ct of weaning weight on lifetime growth p.rformance, and suggest that a HC feeding p.ogram should be focused on L weaner p.gs(i.e., weaning weight less than 6.5 kg at 27 d of age) in order to maximise financial returns.

关键词： p.gs p.rformance Diet comp.exity Weaning weight Carcass characteristics Cost benefit analyses

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