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Energy Dissipation Within the Wave Run-Up at Stepped Revetments

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2017年第4期16卷 649-654页

作者： KERPEN Nils B BUNG Daniel B VALERO Darnel schlurmann torsten Ludwig-Franzius-lnstitute Leibniz Universitat Hannover30167 HannoverGermany Hydraulic Engineering Section Fachhochschule Aachen52066 AachenGermany

To understand the processes and energy dissipation performance caused by turbulence during the wave run-up over a stepped revetment,hydraulic model tests with steady flow conditions are conducted and correlated with unsteady flow conditions of the wave run-up within a short time *** irregular waves,the run-up reduction over a stepped revetment is dependent on the Iribarren number and decreases for decreasing Iribarren *** gradients are found to be similar in a steady and unsteady flow regime near the pseudo-bottom.

关键词： run-up stepped revetment roughness: energy dissipation

Optical coatings:trends and challenges

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光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 389-396页

作者： Norbert Kaiser torsten Feigl Olaf Stenzel Ulrike Schulz Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena Germany

New applications in optoelectronics, photonics, telecommunication, displays, optical data processing, biomedicine, sensors, energy control, automobile, aerospace, and architecture stimulation are important developments in physics and technology of optical coatings. This paper will focus on the latest advances in the areas of new optical film systems and devices, new optical coating materials and film fabrication techniques, process control and monitoring, and different advanced applications. Particularly, focus is on optical films that combine optical design with microstructural features tailored on the nanometer and micrometer scales. Evaluation of film stability and integrity in harsh industrial environments and their compatibility with organic polymers are important as well.

关键词：光学涂覆技术光电子技术光学仪器光学材料

Multilayer optics for the EUV and soft X-rays

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光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 421-429页

作者： torsten Feigl Sergiy Yulin Nicolas Benoit Norbert Kaiser Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena Germany

The demand to enhance the optical resolution, to structure and observe ever smaller details, has pushed the way towards the EUV and soft X-rays. Induced mainly by the production of more powerful electronic circuits with the aid of projection lithography, optics developments in recent years can be characterized by the use of electromagnetic radiation with smaller wavelength. The good prospects of the EUV and soft X-rays for next generation lithography systems (λ=13.5 nm), microscopy in the “water window” (λ=2.3～4.4 nm), astronomy (λ=5～31 nm), spectroscopy, plasma diagnostics and EUV/soft X-ray laser research have led to considerable progress in the development of different multilayer optics. Since optical systems in the EUV/soft X-ray spectral region consist of several mirror elements a maximum reflectivity of each multilayer is essential for a high throughput. This paper covers recent results of the enhanced spectral behavior of Mo/Si, Cr/Sc and Sc/Si multilayer optics.

关键词： EUV X射线多层膜光学涂覆技术 Mo/Si Cr/Sc Sc/Si 光电子技术

Excitonic Eigenstates of Disordered Semiconductor Quantum Wires:Adaptive Wavelet Computation of Eigenvalues for the Electron-Hole Schrodinger Equation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第6期14卷 21-47页

作者： Christian Mollet Angela Kunoth torsten Meier Institut fur Mathematik Universitat PaderbornWarburger Str.100D-33098 PaderbornGermany Department Physik Universitat PaderbornWarburger Str.100D-33098 PaderbornGermany

A novel adaptive approach to compute the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of the two-particle(electron-hole)Schrodinger equation including Coulomb attraction is *** an example,we analyze the energetically lowest exciton state of a thin one-dimensional semiconductor quantum wire in the presence of disorder which arises from the non-smooth interface between the wire and surrounding *** eigenvalues of the corresponding Schrodinger equation,i.e.,the onedimensional exciton Wannier equation with disorder,correspond to the energies of excitons in the quantum *** wavefunctions,in turn,provide information on the optical properties of the *** reformulate the problem of two interacting particles that both can move in one dimension as a stationary eigenvalue problem with two spacial dimensions in an appropriate weak form whose bilinear form is arranged to be symmetric,continuous,and *** disorder of the wire is modelled by adding a potential in the Hamiltonian which is generated by normally distributed random *** numerical solution of this problem is based on adaptive *** scheme allows for a convergence proof of the resulting scheme together with complexity *** examples demonstrate the behavior of the smallest eigenvalue,the ground state energies of the exciton,together with the eigenstates depending on the strength and spatial correlation of disorder.

关键词： Semiconductor quantum wire disorder Schrodinger equation eigenvalue problem weak formulation bounded and coercive bilinear form adaptive wavelet method convergence complexity ground state energies exciton

Block Copolymer-Templated BiFeO3 Nanoarchitectures Composed of Phase-Pure Crystallites Intermingled with a Continuous Mesoporosity： Effective Visible-Light Photocatalysts？

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Nano Research 2011年第4期4卷 414-424页

作者： Christian Reitz Christian Suchomski Christoph Weidmann torsten Brezesinski Institute of Physical Chemistry Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Giessen 35392 Germany

Herein is reported the soft-templating synthesis of visible-light photoactive bismuth ferrite （BiFeO3） nanoarchitectures in the form of thin fihns using a poly（ethylene-co-butylene）-block-poly（ethylene oxide） diblock copolymer as the structure-directing agent. We establish that （1） the self-assembled materials employed in this work are highly crystalline after annealing at 550 ℃ in air and that （2） neither the bismuth-poor Bi2Fe4O9 phase nor other impurity phases are formed. We further show that there is a distinct restructuring of the high quality cubic pore network of amorphous BiFeO3 during crystallization. This restructuring leads to films with a unique architecture that is composed of anisotropic crystallites intermingled with a continuous mesoporosity. While this article focuses on the characterization of these novel materials by electron microscopy, krypton physisorption, grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis and Raman spectroscopy, we also examine the photocatalytic properties and show the benefits of the combination of mesoporosity and nanocrystallinity. Templated BiFeO3 thin films （25% porosity） with a direct optical band gap at 2.9 eV exhibit a catalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B much better than that of nontemplated samples. We attribute this improvement to the nanoscale porosity, which provides for more available active sites on the photocatalyst.

关键词： Self-assembly mesoporous nanocrystalline thin films photocatalysis multiferroic

Microbial transglutaminase should be considered as an environmental inducer of celiac disease

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第22期7卷 3912-3914页

作者： Aaron Lerner torsten Matthias AESKU.KIPP Institute

Due to the recent interest in food additives that can act as triggering factors in autoimmune diseases including celiac disease(CD),the present letter to the editor expands on the microbial transglutaminase(mTG).It is heavily consumed by a plethora of food processing industries as“glue of proteins”thus improving product’s stability,texture and shelf ***,more and more information is accumulated lately,questioning its *** cross-linked gliadin complexes are immunogenic in *** enzyme increases gliadin uptake,is transported in a trans-epithelial way and deposited below the enterocyte’s line,has antiphagocytic activity,enhances intestinal permeability and creates luminal resistant isopeptide *** doubt that mTG is beneficial to food industries but a caveat to public health is highly recommended.

关键词： Microbial transglutaminase Transglutaminase 2 Celiac disease Processedfood Food additive Food industry Immunogenicity Pathogenicity Food safety Publichealth

TNF-α Induces Endothelial Dysfunction via PKC-ζ-dependent NADPH Oxidase Activation

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2012年第5期32卷 642-647页

作者：黄毅严丽容松 Hermann Haller torsten Kirch Department of Nephrology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Nephrology Hannover Medical School

Endothelial dysfunction is implicated in a variety of cardiovascular diseases although the detailed mechanisms are not yet completely understood. A relationship has been suggested to exist between inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. TNF-α serves as one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines. The main objectives of the present study were to explore the effect of PKC-ζ on TNF-α-impaired endothelial function as well as the underlying mechanisms. Acetylcho-line-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation of mouse thoracic aorta stimulated by TNF-α was initially determined. PKC-ζ deficient mice and the specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase were respectively applied to elucidate their roles in TNF-α-induced endothelial dysfunction. In vitro superoxide generation in HAECs was detected by DHE staining after administration of TNF-α. Meanwhile, the regulatory p47phox subunit of NADPH oxidase was evaluated by Western blotting and RT-PCR. The results showed that TNF-α conspicuously impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and the impairment was attenuated by either depleting PKC-ζ or inhibiting NADPH oxidase. In vitro TNF-α increased superoxide production and p47phox expression in HAECs, and such increases could be ameliorated by the specific PKC-ζ inhibitor. Our findings suggest that superoxide over-production triggered by PKC-ζ-dependent NADPH oxidase activation contributes to TNF-α-induced endothelial dysfunction.

关键词： endothelial dysfunction TNF-α PKC-ζ NADPH oxidase

Designing with nature:Advancing threedimensional green spaces in architecture through frameworks for biophilic design and sustainability

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第4期12卷 732-753页

作者： Weijie Zhong torsten Schroeder Juliette Bekkering Architectural Design and Engineering Department of the Built EnvironmentEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands

In the transition to a more sustainable built environment over the last two decades,the“greening”of architecture as a popular approach has received widespread ***,there are still many open questions and contradictions regarding how to design with“nature”and contribute to *** addition,explorations of built examples are rare,and three-dimensional(3D)green spaces in buildings are often ***,we introduce“green pockets”(3D green spaces)as a typology distinct from two-dimensional green roofs and walls/*** draw on a mixed-method approach to study two cases(Erasmus MC and Hotel Jakarta),comprising 12 semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders,design document analysis,and site *** develop a critical reflection(a framework)on the impacts of“green architecture”on sustainability from unpacked benefits and adopt a biophilic design framework to analyse designing with“nature”in architectural *** findings demonstrate that green pockets contribute to integrating multiple experiences of“nature”into buildings and developing sustainable *** green pockets with visibility,accessibility,and spatial characteristics(e.g.,prospect and refuge,organised complexity,peril,and mystery)of“nature”improves building ***,we provide design recommendations to advance green pocket designs and make suggestions for future research.

关键词： Biophilic design Biophilic architecture Design with nature Green space Sustainability Sustainable architecture

Conjugated linoleic acid isomers and their precursor fatty acids regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtypes and major peroxisome proliferator responsive element-bearing target genes in HepG2 cell model

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2013年第2期14卷 115-123页

作者： Sailas BENJAMIN Silke FLOTHO torsten BRCHERS Friedrich SPENER Department of Biochemistry University of Münster48149 MünsterGermany Enzyme Technology Laboratory Biotechnology DivisionDepartment of BotanyUniversity of CalicutKerala 673 635India Department of Molecular Biosciences Lipidomics Research CenterUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 318010 GrazAustria

The purpose of this study was to examine the induction profiles （as judged by quantitative reverse tran- scription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）） of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR） α,β, y subtypes and major PPAR-target genes bearing a functional peroxisome proliferator responsive element （PPRE） in HepG2 cell model upon feeding with cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid （9-CLA） or trans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid （10-CLA） or their precursor fatty acids （FAs）. HepG2 cells were treated with 100 pmol/L 9-CLA or 10-CLA or their precursor FAs, viz., oleic, linoleic, and trans-11-vaccenic acids against bezafibrate control to evaluate the induc- tion/expression profiles of PPAR （α, β, γ subtypes and major PPAR-target genes bearing a functional PPRE, i.e., fatty acid transporter （FAT）, glucose transporter-2 （GLUT-2）, liver-type FA binding protein （L-FABP）, acyl CoA oxidase-1 （ACOX-1）, and peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme （PBE） with reference to β-actin as house keeping gene. Of the three housekeeping genes （glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）, β-actin, and ubiquitin）, β-actin was found to be stable. Dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）, the common solubilizer of agonists, showed a significantly higher induction of genes analyzed, qRT-PCR profiles of CLAs and their precursor FAs clearly showed upregulation of FAT, GLUT-2, and L-FABP （-0.5-.0-fold）. Compared to 10-CLA, 9-CLA decreased the induction of the FA metabolizing gene ACOX-1 less than did PBE, while 10-CLA decreased the induction of PBE less than did ACOX-I. Both CLAs and precursor FAs upregulated PPRE-beadng genes, but with comparatively less or marginal activation of PPAR subtypes This indicates that the binding of CLAs and their precursor FAs to PPAR subtypes results in PPAR activation, thereby induction of the target transporter genes coupled with downstream lipid metabolising genes such as ACOX-1 and PBE. To sum up, the expression profiles of these candidate genes showed that CLAs and th

关键词： Conjugated linoleic acid HepG2 cell model qRT-PCR Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Peroxisome proliferator responsive element-bearing genes Lipid agonists