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Micromorphological features of soils formed on calcium carbonate–rich slope deposits in the Polish Carpathians

Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第6期17卷 1310-1332页

作者： Joanna Beata KOWALSKA tomasz zaleski Ryszard MAZUREK Department of Soil Science and Agrophysics University of AgricultureAl.Mickiewicza 2131-120 KrakowPoland

Seven soil profiles developed on calcium carbonate–rich slope deposits in the Polish Carpathians were studied in order to:i)determine the micromorphological features of heterogeneous soils formed in a carbonate depositional environment,and ii)track primary and secondary calcium carbonate forms and their distribution in such stratified *** cases of soils with different arrangements of calcium carbonate were distinguished,controlled mostly by slope *** instance,the increasing content and random distribution of angular and subangular rock fragments found in the overall soil matrix and the irregular coarse:fine size limit suggested different intensities of accumulation and mixing of soil material transported along the *** processes,together with the calcium carbonate content,mineralogical characteristics and texture influenced the type and arrangement of the bfabric *** calcium carbonate distribution within the soils,besides the obvious inheritance from parent material,was governed by the translocation and mixing of deposits on *** climatic conditions prevailing in the area favour the development of secondary forms of calcium ***,only three of the seven studied profiles contained pedogenic forms of calcium carbonate,yet they were distributed *** occurrence,distribution and preservation of secondary carbonates depended on the content of primary calcium carbonate and soil features such as *** transported material down the slope may indicate a very low content of primary calcium or lack thereof,hence its pedogenic forms could not be created.

关键词： Heterogeneous soils Microfacies Secondary calcium carbonate Pedofeatures Soil profile

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Lithological indicators of discontinuities in mountain soils rich in calcium carbonate in the Polish Carpathians

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第5期17卷 1058-1083页

作者： Joanna Beata KOWALSKA Bartlomiej KAJDAS tomasz zaleski Depatment of Soil Science and Agrophysics University of AgricultureAl.Mickiewicza 2131-120 KrakowPoland Natural Science Education Centre Jagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 530-387 KrakowPoland

Six soils located within the Polish Carpathians,developed on calcium carbonate–rich sedimentary parent materials and representing various reference groups,were investigated in order to detect the lithic *** propose using a multidirectional approach to assess the lithic discontinuity in these soils,one that includes grain size distribution,geochemical composition,heavy mineral content and micromorphology,supported by a traditional soil survey.A further aim of this process was to identify the possible admixture of allochthonous material of aeolian *** studied soils presented lithic discontinuities mostly at the contact of underlying calcium carbonate–rich coarsegrained slope deposits with the overlaying colluvium layer having a lower content of rock *** significant changes in grain size distribution,especially in the silt and sand content,as well as high Uniformity Values and partially,high Lithological Discontinuity Index values,confirmed the occurrence of a lithic discontinuity in all studied *** heterogeneity in the soil profiles was also confirmed by the distribution of the major oxides;however,their distribution did not clearly indicate the lithic *** most visible distinctions were noted from CaO content,which resulted from the deposition of carbonate-free materials(aeolian silts)and their mixing with the calcium carbonate–rich parent ***,the analysis of heavy mineral content confirmed the allochthonous origin of the upper(and in some cases also the middle)parts of all profiles,which was manifested by the presence of highly weathering-resistant minerals such as zircon,epidote and various types of *** micromorphological features of some of the studied soils showed distinctiveness within the soil profile,manifested by changes in b-fabric pattern,the occurrence and distribution of secondary carbonate and the coarse and fine coarse and fine *** on the high content of silt within the u

关键词： Lithic discontinuities Heavy minerals Geochemistry Slope processes Micromorphology Uniformity Values

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Humus horizon development during natural forest succession process in the Polish Carpathians

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第3期19卷 647-661页

作者： Justyna SOKOŁOWSKA Agnieszka JÓZEFOWSKA tomasz zaleski Department of Soil Science and Agrophysics University of Agriculture in Krakowal.Mickiewicza 2131-120 KrakówPoland

As a result of socio-economic changes and land abandonment,the main ecological driver of the Carpathian landscape is the progression of the natural forest succession ***,aspects of this process have become worthy of attention,especially in the context of carbon sequestration and the management of protected *** processes,especially within the topsoil,are some of the most susceptible to change,due to the accumulation of organic matter during such land-use *** purposes of this study were to investigate the differences in topsoil development using the A Horizon Development Index(ADI)and to study the composition of humic substances and advanced organic matter humification in different land-use areas in selected Carpathian national parks,***,Magura and Pieniny National Parks in southern ***,a goal of this study was to compare the ADI and the spectroscopic coefficients of humic substances as indicators of the degree of humus horizon shaping as well as advanced organic matter *** total,ten transects were selected,each consisting of three different land-use areas:semi-natural meadow,successional forest and old-growth *** colour was determined in fresh and air-dried samples using the Munsell colour *** air-dried soil samples p H,soil texture,total organic carbon and total nitrogen were *** substances were extracted and further characterized by UV-VIS *** ADI confirmed the influence of natural forest succession on soil colour darkening and the development of the uppermost soil *** analyses of humic substances showed two different patterns depending on soil *** the 0–10 cm layer,natural forest succession reduced the rate of the humification process and decreased the degree of maturity of fulvic acids;in the 10–20 cm layer,it led to an increase in the rate of the humification process and a decrease in the content of humic and fulvic acids at the beginn

关键词： Land use changes Natural forest succession Polish Carpathians Landscape transformation Protected areas management Humic substances

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Do mowing regimes affect plant and soil biological activity in the mountain meadows of Southern Poland?

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第11期15卷 2409-2421页

作者： JóZEFOWSKA Agnieszka zaleski tomasz ZARZYCKI Jan FRACZEK Krzysztof Institute of Soil Science and Agrophysics Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection University of Agriculture in Krakow Department of Ecology Climatology and Air Protection University of Agriculture in Krakow Department of Microbiology University of Agriculture in Krakow

The soil biological activity of mountain meadows is a significant factor that determines the health and utility of these regions. The climax stage of this area is forest, but to maintain semi-natural grassland, which is characterised by high biodiversity,low-intensity land use(mowing or grazing) is necessarily required. To understand the effect of various mowing regimes on the soil biological activity and plants, the soil microbial activity(microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity and number of the cultivable fraction of soil microbial community),annelids community(density and species composition earthworms and enchytraeids) and plant species composition were investigated. The study area was located in the Pieniny National Park in the Carpathian Mountains, in a meadow belonging to the association Dactylis glomerata-Poa trivialis. The investigated variants were divided according to mowing regime:traditional scything – hand mowing(HM), mechanical mowing(MM), or the abandonment of mowing – nonmowing(NM). The microbial activities(expressed by,e.g. microbial biomass carbon and the number of phosphorus bacteria) were affected by the mowing regime. The density of earthworms was higher in the HM and MM than in the NM variants. The largest changes in plant species composition were caused by the abandonment of mowing(NM). The mean number of plant species was positively correlated with soil moisture, earthworm density, and microbial activity(expressed indirectly by dehydrogenases activity). The soil microbial community, such as vegetative bacteria forms and ammonifying bacteria,were positively associated with pH value, and the microbial and total organic carbon content. The results presented here indicate that there is no single form of optimal management for all living *** about mowing regimes, or abandonment of use, should be preceded by multi-aspect studies,including plants and soil biota.

关键词： Mowing techniques Grassland management Earthworms Enchytraeids Microorganisms Biodiversity

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Interrelationship between soil depth and soil properties of Pieniny National Park forest(Poland)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第7期16卷 1534-1545页

作者： Justyna SOKO?OWSKA Agnieszka JóZEFOWSKA Karolina WO?NICA tomasz zaleski Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection Institute of Soil Science and Agrophysics University of Agriculture in Krakow

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between soil biota such as microbial activity,soil fauna(e.g.,earthworms and enchytraeids),and soil physical and chemical *** study area was located in Pieniny National Park(PNP)in the Carpathian Mountains in southern *** samples were collected from six forest monitoring areas of PNP from two soil layers(at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm down,respectively).The investigated soils were classified to eutric cambisols and had silt or silt loam soil *** analysis,soil aggregate stability index was connected with other physical,chemical,and biological soil *** was noted that the stability index of 3 mm to 5 mm soil aggregates influenced pH and dissolved organic *** stability index of 2 mm to 3 mm soil aggregates was positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon,soil moisture,microbial biomass carbon,total organic carbon,total nitrogen,and enchytraeid density,and negatively correlated with bulk density,particle density,porosity,and permanent wilting *** stability index of 1 mm to 2 mm soil aggregates was positively correlated with total nitrogen,enchytraeid and earthworm density and negatively correlated with particle density,porosity,and permanent wilting *** study has shown what factors create a stable soil structure in the forest soils of PNP.

关键词： Aggregate stability Forest soils Microorganisms Earthworms Enchytraeids Physical properties Chemical properties

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Soil micromorphological and physical properties after application of composts with polyethylene and biocomponent-derived polymers added during composting

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Pedosphere 2021年第4期31卷 560-571页

作者： Monika MIERZWA-HERSZTEK Krzysztof GONDEK Altaf Hussain LAHORI MichałKOPEĆ Ryszard MAZUREK tomasz zaleski tomasz GŁ˛AB Jerzy WIECZOREK Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry University of Agriculture in Krakowal.Mickiewicza 21Krakow 31-120(Poland) Department of Mineralogy Petrography and GeochemistryAGH University of Science and Technologyal.Mickiewicza 30Krakow 30-059(Poland) Department of Environmental Sciences Sindh Madressatul Islam UniversityKarachi 74000(Pakistan) Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection University of Agriculture in Krakowal.Mickiewicza 21Krakow 31-120(Poland) Institute of Machinery Exploitation Ergonomics and Production ProcessesUniversity of Agriculture in Krakowul.Balicka 116BKrakow 31-149(Poland)

Composts are considered to be one of the best soil amendments. However, the effects of composts with added polymeric materials on soil physical,hydraulic, and micromorphological properties have not been widely discussed. Changes in soil physical properties influence the numerous services that soils provide. We studied the impacts of composts with the addition of three different polymers(F1–F3) produced from polyethylene and thermoplastic corn starch on the physical, hydraulic, and micromorphological properties of two soils, a Cambic Phaeozem and a Luvic Phaeozem. Applying composts with polymers had limited or no significant effect on soil bulk density and porosity, but increased the field water capacity by 18%–82% and 3%–6% and the plant-available water content by 15%–23% and 4%–17% for the Cambic Phaeozem and Luvic Phaeozem, respectively. The application of composts with polymers had a greater effect on the Cambic Phaeozem than on the Luvic Phaeozem. It was suggested that the use of modified composts led to changes in soil physical properties and micromorphological features and this effect was dependent on the compost application rate. Composts made with the addition of composite synthetic and natural material-derived polymers during composting were found to be a composite mixture that can be successfully used in agriculture.

关键词： composite mixture corn starch field water capacity plant-available water content porosity soil bulk density soil micromorphology soil water retention

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A-kinase anchoring protein-mediated compartmentalization of pro-survival signaling in the retina

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 479-480页

作者： Joanna Mackiewicz tomasz Boczek Department of Molecular Neurochemistry Medical University of LodzLodzPoland

The retina plays a fundamental role in the process of vision,serving as the primary interface between external visual stimuli and the central nervous *** the retina is exposed to a variety of environmental stresses and deleterious insults,it is susceptible to a spectrum of pathological conditions that can detrimentally affect *** often leads to irreversible vision loss due to the injury of specific cell *** instance,inherited retinal degeneration and age-related macular degeneration can lead to the death of photoreceptors,while conditions like glaucoma and optic nerve injury can result in the loss of ganglion *** precise pathological mechanisms driving retinal degeneration remain largely elusive,although research utilizing mouse models suggests that disruptions in intracellular signal transduction pathways may play a pivotal *** pathways within the retina orchestrate various aspects of retinal physiology,including phototransduction,synaptic transmission,and neuronal survival.

关键词： degeneration utilizing irreversible

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Numerical Analysis of Microholes Film/Effusion Cooling Effectiveness

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Journal of Thermal Science 2017年第5期26卷 459-464页

作者： tomasz Ochrymiuk Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences (IMP PAN) Fiszera 14 80-952 Gdansk

Numerical simulations were performed to predict the film cooling effectiveness on the fiat plate with a three-dimensional discrete hole film cooling RSM-AKN turbulent heat transfer models based on variable turbulent Prandtl number approaches were considered. Obtained numerical results were directly compared with the data that came from an experiment based on Transient Liquid Crystal methodology. All implemented models for turbulent heat transfer performed sufficiently well for the considered case. It was confirmed, however, that the two-equation closure can give a detailed look into film cooling problems without using any time-consuming and inherently unsteady models. The RSM-AKN turbulent model was used in micoholes case too. The main target of simulations was maintain the same level of cooling efficiency ratio in both cases and confirm that is possible significantly reduce mass flows of the coolant in microholes case.

关键词： turbulent heat flux two-equation model turbulent Prandtl number film cooling microholes

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Numerical Prediction of Film Cooling Effectiveness over Flat Plate using Variable Turbulent Prandtl Number Closures

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第3期25卷 280-286页

作者： tomasz Ochrymiuk Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences(IMP PAN)

Numerical simulations were performed to predict the film cooling effectiveness on the fiat plate with a three- dimensienal discrete-hole film cooling arrangement. The effects of basic geometrical characteristics of the holes, i.e diameter D, length L and pitch S/D were studied. Different turbulent heat transfer models based on constant and variable turbulent Prandtl number approaches were considered. The variability of the turbulent Prandtl number Prt in the energy equation was assumed using an algebraic relation proposed by Kays and Crawford, or employing the Abe, Kondoh and Nagano eddy heat diffusivity closure with two differential transport equations for the temperature variance ko and its destruction rate εθ The obtained numerical results were directly compared with the data that came from an experiment based on Transient Liquid Crystal methodology. All implemented models for turbulent heat transfer performed sufficiently well for the considered case. It was confirmed, however, that the two- equation closure can give a detailed look into film cooling problems without using any time-consuming and inherently unsteady models.

关键词： turbulent heat flux two-equation model turbulent Prandtl number film cooling

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Recreational potential as an indicator of accessibility control in protected mountain forest areas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第7期14卷 1419-1427页

作者： tomasz DUDEK Department of Agroecology University of Rzeszów

The article presents research findings related to recreational use of forests located in protected mountainous areas with forestage of over 80%. The study was designed to identify recreational potential of the Carpathian national parks （Bieszczady National Park, Bahia G6ra National Park, Goree National Park and Magura National Park; southern Poland） and to compare these findings with the actual number of visitors. The information received on the recreational potential of parks is important from the point of view of protection of natural resources and the financial situation of the parks. The calculated ratio may be an effective tool of management for park administration, that allows to reconcile statutory social and protective functions of national parks. The study determined the recreational potential of the forests with the use of recreational valorisation method designed for areas with varied terrain, and the evaluated factors included the stands of trees with their habitat and land relief. The permissible number of national park visitors, expressed as man- hour/ha/year ranges from 19.31 in Bieszczady National Park （BG： 19~ 35＇ E, 49~ 35＇ N） to 32.06 in in Bieszczady National Park （B： 22~ 40＇ E, 49~ lo＇ N）. In 3 out of 4 investigated parks, Magura National Park （M： 21025＇ E, 49~ 30＇ N）, Gorce National Park （G： 20~ lo＇ E, 49~ 35＇ N）, B） recreation carrying capacity was not exceeded, whether or not the strictly protected area is taken into account. Only in BG was the recreation carrying capacity exceeded by nearly 24%, or by 85% if the strictly protected area isexcluded from tourism-related exploitation. The presented procedure for monitoring access to mountain forests in national parks, from the viewpoint of natural resources conservation, can be applied in other mountainous areas covered with forests and exposed to tourist and recreational traffic, and in forests facing particular risk of recreational damage, e.g. in urban and suburban forests growing in areas wi

关键词： Forest recreation Recreational capacity Protected areas Mountain forests the Carpathians

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