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Assessing the effect of invasive organisms on forests under information uncertainty: The case of pine wood nematode in continental Europe

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 685-696页

作者： Nick Schafstall Laura Dobor Marco Baldo Andrew MLiebhold Werner Rammer Juha Honkaniemi tomás Hlásny Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic US Forest Service Northern Forest Research Station MorgantownUSA Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group Technical University of MunichGermany Natural Resources Institute Finland HelsinkiFinland

Forests worldwide are experiencing increasingly intense biotic disturbances;however,assessing impacts of these disturbances is challenging due to the diverse range of organisms involved and the complex interactions among *** particularly applies to invasive species,which can greatly alter ecological processes in their invaded *** we focus on the pine wood nematode(PWN,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus),an invasive pathogen that has caused extensive mortality of pines in East Asia and more recently has invaded southern *** is expected to expand its range into continental Europe with heavy impacts *** the unknown dynamics of PWN in continental Europe,we reviewed laboratory and field experiments conducted in Asia and southern Europe to parameterize the main components of PWN biology and host-pathogen interactions in the Biotic Disturbance Engine(BITE),a model designed to implement a variety of forest biotic agents,from fungi to large *** simulate dynamically changing host availability and conditions,BITE was coupled with the forest landscape model *** potential impacts of introducing PWN were assessed in a Central European forest landscape(40,928ha),likely within PWN’s reach in future decades.A parameter sensitivity analysis indicated a substantial influence of factors related to dispersal,colonization,and vegetation impact,whereas parameters related to population growth manifested a minor *** of different assumptions about biological processes resulted in differential timing and size of the main mortality wave,eliminating 40%–95%of pine trees within 100 years post-introduction,with a maximum annual carbon loss between 1.3%and 4.2%.PWN-induced tree mortality reduced the Gross Primary Productivity,increased heterotrophic respiration,and generated a distinct legacy sink effect in the recovery *** assessment has corroborated the ecological plausibility of the simulated dynamics and highlighted the need for

关键词： Biological invasions Process-based modelling Forest ecosystems Model parameters

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Instance Segmentation of Characters Recognized in Palmyrene Aramaic Inscriptions

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2869-2889页

作者： Adéla Hamplová Alexey Lyavdansky tomášNovák Ondrej Svojše David Franc Arnošt Veselý Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague(CULS) Faculty of Economics and ManagementDepartment of Information EngineeringPrague16500Czech Republic National Research University Higher School of Economics(HSE) Faculty of HumanitiesInstitute for Oriental and Classical StudiesMoscow101000The Russian Federation

This study presents a single-class and multi-class instance segmentation approach applied to ancient Palmyrene inscriptions,employing two state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms,namely YOLOv8 and Roboflow *** goal is to contribute to the preservation and understanding of historical texts,showcasing the potential of modern deep learning methods in archaeological *** research culminates in several key findings and scientific *** comprehensively compare the performance of YOLOv8 and Roboflow 3.0 in the context of Palmyrene character segmentation—this comparative analysis mainly focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm in this *** also created and annotated an extensive dataset of Palmyrene inscriptions,a crucial resource for further research in the *** dataset serves for training and evaluating the segmentation *** employ comparative evaluation metrics to quantitatively assess the segmentation results,ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of our findings and we present custom visualization tools for predicted segmentation *** study advances the state of the art in semi-automatic reading of Palmyrene inscriptions and establishes a benchmark for future *** availability of the Palmyrene dataset and the insights into algorithm performance contribute to the broader understanding of historical text analysis.

关键词： Optical character recognition instance segmentation Palmyrene ancient languages computer vision

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Insights into the hydrogen evolution reaction in vanadium redox flow batteries:A synchrotron radiation based X-ray imaging study

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 132-144页

作者： Kerstin Köble Alexey Ershov Kangjun Duan Monja Schilling Alexander Rampf Angelica Cecilia tomášFaragó Marcus Zuber Tilo Baumbach Roswitha Zeis Helmholtz Institute Ulm Karlsruhe Institute of Technology89081 UlmGermany Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76131 KarlsruheGermany Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Department of Electrical Electronicsand Communication EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S 3G8OntarioCanada

The parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in the negative half-cell of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)causes severe efficiency ***,a deeper understanding of this process and the accompanying bubble formation is *** benchmarking study locally analyzes the bubble distribution in thick,porous electrodes for the first time using deep learning-based image segmentation of synchrotron X-ray *** large three-dimensional data set was processed precisely in less than one minute while minimizing human errors and pointing out areas of increased HER activity in *** study systematically varies the electrode potential and material,concluding that more negative electrode potentials of-200 m V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)and lower cause more substantial bubble formation,resulting in bubble fractions of around 15%–20%in carbon felt ***,the bubble fractions stay only around 2%in an electrode combining carbon felt and carbon *** detected areas with high HER activity,such as the border subregion with more than 30%bubble fraction in carbon felt electrodes,the cutting edges,and preferential spots in the electrode bulk,are potential-independent and suggest that larger electrodes with a higher bulk-to-border ratio might reduce HER-related performance *** described combination of electrochemical measurements,local X-ray microtomography,AI-based segmentation,and 3D morphometric analysis is a powerful and novel approach for local bubble analysis in three-dimensional porous electrodes,providing an essential toolkit for a broad community working on bubble-generating electrochemical systems.

关键词： Vanadium redox flow battery Synchrotron X-ray imaging tomography Hydrogen evolution reaction Gas bubbles Deep learning

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A New Citizen Service for a New Age: Actions Taken by the Spanish Tax Administration

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2024年第1期 9-14页

作者： José Borja tomé Departamento de Informática Tributaria Agencia Estatal de Administracion Tributaria Spain

Tax Administrations make big efforts to provide citizens the information and assistance they need and have increased remote services through digital ***,customer service has deteriorated in many cases especially after the pandemic,due to lack of resources and sometimes impacted by the consequences of the extension of remote *** Spanish Tax Administration has developed a new service strategy,which aims to deliver homogeneously any service as needed so that citizens can choose whatever service that is more convenient to them,remote or *** the perspective of its staff,any staff will be enabled to provide any service through any channel.

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Accelerating snail vector genomics

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第3期13卷 6-10页

作者： tom Pennance David Rollinson College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Northwest Western University of Health SciencesLebanonORUSA Global Schistosomiasis Alliance Ealing Cross85 Uxbridge RoadEalingLondon W55BWUK Science Department Natural History MuseumCromwell RoadLondon SW75BDUK

The three most important genera of snails for the transmission of schistosomes are Bulinus,Biomphalaria and *** of these genera,found in two distantly related families,includes species that act as the intermediate host for one of the three most widespread schistosome species infecting humans,Schistosoma haematobium,*** and ***,*** important step in the fight against schistosomiasis in Asia has been taken with the publication of the article"Chromosome-level genome assembly of Oncomelania hupensis:the intermediate snail host of Schistosoma japonicum",which means that genomes for all three major genera,including species across three continents,are now available in the public *** includes the first genomes of African snail vectors,namely Biomphalaria sudanica,*** and Bulinus truncatus,as well as high-quality chromosome level assemblies for South American *** importantly,the wealth of new genomic and transcriptomic data is helping to establish the specific molecular mechanisms that underly compatibility between snails and their schistosomes,which although diverse and complex,may help to identify potential targets dictating host parasite interactions that can be utilised in future transmission control *** new work on Oncomelania hupensis and indeed studies on other snail vectors,which provide deep insights into the genome,will stimulate research that may well lead to new and much needed control interventions.

关键词： Snail vectors Genomics

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SPEED:an integrated,smartphone-operated,handheld digital PCR Device for point-of-care testing

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 149-158页

作者： Haoqing Zhang Xiaocheng Liu Xinlu Wang Zhiqiang Yan Ying Xu Martina Gaňová tomášŘezníček Marie Korabečná Pavel Neuzil Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youyi RoadXi’anShaanxi 710072PR China The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education School of Life Science and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710049PR China Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center(BEBC) Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049PR China School of Marine Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710072PR China Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of TechnologyPurkyňova 12361300 BrnoCzech Republic ITD Tech S.R.O Osvoboditelu100573581 BohumínCzech Republic Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics First Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital of PragueAlbertov 412800 PragueCzech Republic

This study elaborates on the design,fabrication,and data analysis details of SPEED,a recently proposed smartphonebased digital polymerase chain reaction(dPCR)*** dPCR chips incorporate partition diameters ranging from 50μm to 5μm,and these partitions are organized into six distinct blocks to facilitate image *** to the superior thermal conductivity of Si and its potential for mass production,the dPCR chips were fabricated on a Si substrate.A temperature control system based on a high-power density Peltier element and a preheating/cooling PCR protocol user interface shortening the thermal cycle *** optical design employs four 470 nm light-emitting diodes as light sources,with filters and mirrors effectively managing the light emitted during *** algorithm is utilized for image processing and illumination nonuniformity correction including conversion to a monochromatic format,partition identification,skew correction,and the generation of an image correction *** validated the device using a range of deoxyribonucleic acid targets,demonstrating its potential applicability across multiple ***,we provide guidance and verification of the design and testing of the recently proposed SPEED device.

关键词： correction smart testing

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A Discussion of Artificial Intelligence in Visual Art Education

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第5期12卷 71-85页

作者： Joanna Black tom Chaput Department of Curriculum Teaching and Learning Faculty of Education University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada

Since ChatGPT emerged on November 30, 2022, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly discussed as a radical force that will change our world. People have become used to AI in which such ubiquitous technologies as Siri, Google, and Netflix deploy AI algorithms to answer questions, impart information, and provide recommendations. However, many individuals including originators and backers of AI have recently expressed grave concerns. In this paper, the authors will assess what is occurring with AI in Visual Arts Education, outline positives and negatives, and provide recommendations addressed specifically for teachers working in the field regarding emerging AI usage from kindergarten to grade twelve levels as well as in higher education.

关键词： Visual Art Education Art Education Artificial Intelligence AI Generative Artificial Intelligence GAI Art Teaching and Learning Art Pedagogy Art Curriculum Development Digital Art Education Art Art Education Critical Literacy

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Differential leaf flooding resilience in Arabidopsis thaliana is controlled by ethylene signalingactivated and age-dependent phosphorylation of ORESARA1

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Plant Communications 2024年第6期5卷 73-88页

作者： tom Rankenberg Hans van Veen Mastoureh Sedaghatmehr Che-Yang Liao Muthanna Biddanda Devaiah Evelien AStouten Salma Balazadeh Rashmi Sasidharan Plant Stress Resilience Utrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CH Utrechtthe Netherlands Evolutionary Plant-Ecophysiology Groningen Institute for Evolutionary LIfe SciencesNijenborgh 79747 AG Groningenthe Netherlands Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muhlenberg 114476 PotsdamGermany Experimental and Computational Plant Development Utrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CH Utrechtthe Netherlands Leiden University Leidenthe Netherlands

The phytohormone ethylene is a major regulator of plant adaptive responses to *** flooded plant tissues,ethylene quickly increases to high concentrations owing to its low solubility and diffusion rates in *** accumulation in submerged plant tissues makes it a reliable cue for triggering flood acclimation responses,including metabolic adjustments to cope with flood-induced ***,persistent ethylene accumulation also accelerates leaf ***-induced senescence hampers photosynthetic capacity and stress *** submerged Arabidopsis,senescence follows a strict age-dependent pattern starting with the older *** mechanisms underlying ethylene-mediated senescence have been uncovered,it is unclear how submerged plants avoid indiscriminate breakdown of leaves despite high systemic ethylene *** demonstrate that although submergence triggers leaf-age-independent activation of ethylene signaling viaEIN3 in Arabidopsis,senescence is initiated only inold ***3 stabilization also leads to overall transcript and protein accumulation of the senescence-promoting transcription factor ORESARA1(ORE1)in both old and young leaves during ***,leaf-age-dependent senescence can be explained by ORE1 protein activation via phosphorylation specifically in old leaves,independent of the previously identifiedage-dependentcontrol of ORE1 viami R164.A systematic analysis of the roles of the majorflooding stresscuesand signalingpathways shows that only the combination of ethylene and darkness is sufficientto mimic submergence-induced senescence involving ORE1 accumulation and ***,most of ten associated with flooding stress in plants,appears to have no role in these *** results reveal a mechanism by which plants regulate the speed and pattern of senescence during environmental stresses such as ***-dependent ORE1 activity ensures that older,expendable leaves are dismantled firs

关键词： ﬂooding abiotic stress hypoxia senescence ethylene

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Potential risk genes for primary Sjogren's syndrome from a meta-analysis by linear regression and random forest classification

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 128-131页

作者： tomas Cerdo Teresa Torres Moral Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba(IMIBIC) Reina Sofia University HospitalUniversity of CordobaCordoba 14004Spain Centre for Rheumatology Research Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondon W1T 4JFUK Faculty of Computer Sciences Multimedia and TelecommunicationUniversitat Oberta de CatalunyaBarcelona 08018Spain Dermatology Department Melanoma UnitAugust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute(IDIBAPS)and Hospital ClinicBarcelona 08036Spain Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases(CIBERER) Carlos II Health InstituteMadrid 28029Spain

Primary Sjogren's syndrome(psS)is one of the most widespread autoimmune diseases with unknown origin,characterized by a lymphocytic infiltrate of the exocrine glands and the production of anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies that cause dysfunction and destruction mainly of salivary and lachrymal glands,leading to dry eyes and dry *** the absence of a standardized evidence-based screening tool to decide which patients with dry eye must be referred for study of this pathology.

关键词： Sjogren lymphocytic salivary

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Efficient scar-free knock-ins of several kilobases in plants by engineered CRISPR-Cas endonucleases

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 824-837页

作者： tom Schreiber Anja Prange Petra Schafer Thomas Iwen Ramona Grutzner Sylvestre Marillonnet Aurelie Lepage Marie Javelle Wyatt Paul Alain Tissier Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany Limagrain Centre de RechercheRoute d’EnnezatCS 9012663720 ChappesFrance

In plants and mammals,non-homologous end-joining is the dominant pathway to repair DNA doublestrand breaks,making it challenging to generate knock-in *** this study,we identified two groups of exonucleases from the herpes virus and the bacteriophage T7 families that conferred an up to 38-fold increase in homology-directed repair frequencies when fused to Cas9/Cas12a in a tobacco mosaic virus-based transient assay in Nicotiana *** achieved precise and scar-free insertion of several kilobases of DNA both in transient and stable transformation *** Arabidopsis thaliana,fusion of Cas9 to a herpes virus family exonuclease led to 10-fold higher frequencies of knock-ins in the first generation of *** addition,we demonstrated stable and heritable knock-ins in wheat in 1%of the primary *** together,our results open perspectives for the routine production of heritable knock-in and gene replacement events in plants.

关键词： homology-directed repair knockin gene replacement CRISPR-Cas 50 exonuclease plants

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