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Characterization of exploratory patterns and hippocampal–prefrontal network oscillations during the emergence of free exploration

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Science Bulletin 2021年第21期66卷 2238-2250,M0004页

作者： Wenxiu Dong Hongbiao Chen timothy Sit Yechao Han Fei Song Alexei l.Vyssotski Cornelius T.Gross Bailu Si Yang Zhan Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulationthe Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute(BCBDI)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain DiseasesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research InstitutionsShenzhen 518055China State Key laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110169 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Neuroinformatics the University of Zürich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH)Zurich CH-8057Switzerland European Molecular Biology laboratory(EMBl) Monterotondo 00015Italy School of Systems Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

During free exploration,the emergence of patterned and sequential behavioral responses to an unknown environment reflects exploration traits and ***,the behavioral dynamics and neural substrates underlying the exploratory behavior remain poorly *** developed computational tools to quantify the exploratory behavior and performed in vivo electrophysiological recordings in a large arena in which mice made sequential excursions into unknown *** entropy was calculated to characterize the cumulative and moment-to-moment behavioral dynamics in explored and unexplored *** field potential analysis revealed that the theta activity in the dorsal hippocampus(d HPC)was highly correlated with the occupancy *** d HPC and prefrontal cortex(PFC)oscillatory activities could classify various aspects of free *** of exploration was accompanied by a coordinated decrease and increase in theta activity in PFC and d HPC,*** results indicate that d HPC and PFC work synergistically in shaping free exploration by modulating exploratory traits during emergence and visits to an unknown environment.

关键词： Exploration Prefrontal cortex Hippocampus Neural oscillations Entropy

Composition and Properties of Maple Sap, Concentrate, and Permeate

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第1期10卷 32-45页

作者： Abby K. van den Berg timothy D. Perkins Mark l. Isselhardt Proctor Maple Research Center The University of Vermont Underhill VT USA The University of Vermont Extension Underhill VT USA

Reverse osmosis is used widely in the maple syrup industry to concentrate maple sap and increase the overall efficiency and profitability of syrup production. Sets of samples from maple producers utilizing a range of sap concentration levels were collected and analyzed to provide a portrait of the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of maple sap, concentrate, and permeate across a single production season. The results reinforce that reverse osmosis functions essentially as a concentration process, without significantly altering the fundamental proportions of sap constituents.

关键词： Maple Syrup Reverse Osmosis Membrane Separation Maple Sap

Identifying Sustainable Practices for Tapping and Sap Collection from Birch Trees: Optimum Timing of Tapping Initiation and the Volume of Nonconductive Wood Associated with Taphole Wounds

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 237-246页

作者： Abby K. van den Berg Mark l. Isselhardt timothy D. Perkins Proctor Maple Research Center The University of Vermont Underhill VT USA The University of Vermont Extension Underhill VT USA

Experiments were conducted to determine two pieces of information essential to identify practices necessary to ensure tapping trees for birch sap collection is both sustainable and profitable—the selection of the time to initiate tapping birch trees to obtain maximum yields, and the volume of nonconductive wood (NCW) associated with taphole wounds in birch trees. The yields obtained from various timing treatments varied between sapflow seasons, but indicate that using test tapholes to choose the appropriate time to initiate tapping is likely to result in optimum yields from birch trees. The volume of NCW associated with taphole wounds in birch trees was highly variable and generally quite large, averaging 220 times the volume of the taphole drilled, and requiring relatively high radial growth rates to maintain NCW at sustainable levels over the long-term. However, more conservative tapping practices, including reduced taphole depth and increased dropline length, as well as thinning and other stand management practices, can be used to reduce the minimum growth rates required. Producers can use this information to ensure that they use tapping practices that will result in sustainable outcomes and obtain the maximum possible sap yields from their trees.

关键词： Birch Sap Birch Syrup Maple Syrup Tapping Compartmentalization

Community phylogenetic diversity and abiotic site characteristics influence abundance of the invasive plant Rhamnus cathartica l.

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第2期7卷 202-209页

作者： timothy J.S.Whitfeld Alexandra G.lodge Alexander M.Roth Peter B.Reich Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota1530 Cleveland Avenue NorthSt PaulMN 55108-6112USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western SydneyPenrithNSW 2751Australia

Aims Theory predicts that the success of introduced species is related to the diversity of native species through trait-based *** site characteristics may also affect a site’s susceptibility to *** quantified resident plant species richness,phylogenetic diversity and several abiotic site characteristics for 24 oak forests in Minnesota,USA,to assess their impact on the abundance of a widespread,introduced terrestrial plant species,common buckthorn(Rhamnus cathartica l.).Specifically,we asked(1)whether resident species richness and phylogenetic diversity affected the abundance of *** and(2)what site characteristics explained the overall abundance of *** Our survey included 24 oak-dominated stands in Minnesota’s deciduous *** each stand,we identified all species in 16 *** also measured a series of environmental site characteristics,including canopy openness(a proxy for light availability),percent bare soil,soil pH,percent sand,an index of propagule availability,duff layer thickness(a proxy for earthworm activity),an index of insolation and *** all species present in at least one site,we estimated a community *** combined all sitelevel characteristics,including phylogenetic diversity of the resident plant species,in a multiple regression model to examine site-level drivers of community *** Findings Results indicate that sites with higher overall plant phylogenetic diversity harbor less ***,even though native species richness was not significantly related to *** *** analyses indicated that,in addition to resident species phylogenetic diversity,the most important predictors of *** abundance were canopy openness and the amount of bare soil,both positively related to the abundance of the *** combining the effects of abiotic site characteristics and resident species phylogenetic diversity in a model that predicted the abundance of R

关键词： invasibility R.cathartica l. phylogenetic diversity site characteristics

Coronary Perfusion Pressure Response to High-Dose Intraosseous versus Standard-Dose Intravenous Epinephrine Administration after Prolonged Cardiac Arrest

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2014年第1期2卷 1-7页

作者： timothy J. Mader Ryan A. Coute Adam R. Kellogg Joshua l. Harris Department of Emergency Medicine at Baystate Medical Center Tufts University School of Medicine Springfield MA USA

Background: This study was done to compare coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) prior to the first rescue shock (RS) among a group of animals that received intraosseous (IO) epinephrine 0.1 mg/ kg (high-dose epinephrine [HDE]) with a group that received intravenous (IV) epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg (standard-dose epinephrine [SDE]) during cardiac arrest resuscitation using a swine model of prolonged out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from two IACUC approved protocols. Seventy-nine Yorkshire swine (25 - 35 kg) were surgically instrumented under anesthesia and VF was electrically induced. After 10 minutes of untreated VF in the IO study (n = 26) and 12 minutes of untreated VF in the IV study (n = 53), resuscitation commenced with closed chest compressions (CCC). A single dose of epinephrine (HDE IO or SDE IV, respectively) was given and flushed with saline. The CCC and RS attempts were standardized for all animals. The CPP was defined as aortic diastolic pressure minus right atrial diastolic pressure measured 2.5 minutes after medication delivery. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Baseline group characteristics were mathematically the same. Just prior to the first RS, HDE IO resulted in a mean CPP of 33.2 mmHg (95%CI: 26.6, 39.9), while SDE IV resulted in a mean CPP of 25.0 mmHg (95%CI: 20.5, 29.4). Conclusion: This observation study reaffirms the assertion that HDE IO may be required to generate CPP values similar to SDE IV during resuscitation of prolonged VF.

关键词： Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Coronary Perfusion Pressure Intraosseous Epinephrine

Curriculum development: a how to primer

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2019年第2期7卷 24-29页

作者： Jill Schneiderhan timothy C Guetterman Margaret l Dobson Department of Family Medicine University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA

Curriculum development is a topic everyone in the field of medical education will *** to the breadth of ages and types of care provided in Family Medicine,family medicine faculty in particular need to be facile in developing effective curricula for medical students,residents,fellows and for faculty *** the area of medical education,changing and evolving learning environments,as well as changing requirements necessitate new and innovative curricula to address these evolving *** process of developing a medical education curriculum can seem daunting but when broken down into smaller components can become very straightforward and easy to *** paper focuses on the curriculum development process using a six-step approach:performing a needs assessment,determining content,writing goals and objectives,selecting the educational strategies,implementing the curriculum and,finally,evaluating the *** process may serve as a template for Family Medicine educators,and all medical educators looking to design(or redesign)their own medical education curriculum.

关键词： everyone looking straight

Tale of Two Alopecias: Alopecia Areata and Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia Occurring in the Same Patient

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2022年第1期5卷 45-49页

作者： Sharlene Helene C.See timothy l.Tan Oyinade Aderibigbe Pedram Yazdan Department of Pathology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Consolidated Pathology Consultants LibertyvilleIL 60048USA Department of Dermatology Division of DermatopathologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA

Introduction:Scarring and non-scarring alopecias have rarely been described to occur together in the same *** these two different types of alopecia is important as treatment and prognosis can be *** presentation:Here,we report the first case of simultaneous alopecia areata(AA)and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia(CCCA)in a 35-year-old *** alopecic patches were noted on her frontal and vertex *** of the frontal scalp revealed miniaturized hair follicles and dense lymphocytic infiltrate surrounding the hair bulbs,consistent with AA;while biopsy of the vertex scalp revealed decreased hair follicles,perifollicular fibroplasia with eccentric atrophy of the follicular epithelium,and premature desquamation of the inner root sheath at the level of the lower isthmus,consistent with ***:Proposed mechanisms of these two alopecia types occurring together include loss of immune privilege,genetic predisposition,as well as unknown external factors that trigger an autoimmune lymphocytic *** recently,the peptidylarginine deiminase type III gene has been implicated in both *** treatment options can overlap between thetwo diseases,treatment response can differ and CCCA tendsto have a worse ***:Awareness of this concomitant presentation of two alopecic types is important for appropriate treatment and prognostication.

关键词： alopecia areata central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia non-scarring alopecia scarring alopecia peptidylarginine deiminase type III gene

Spatial distribution and network morphology of epicardial,endocardial,interstitial,and Purkinje cell-associated elastin fibers in porcine left ventricle

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第1期19卷 348-359页

作者： Xiaodan Shi Song Zhang Yue liu Bryn Brazile Jim Cooley J.Ryan Butler Sara R.McMahan Karla l.Perez Jiazhu Xu timothy Eastep Kytai T.Nguyen Pietro Bajona Matthias Peltz Huajian Gao Yi Hong Jun liao Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX76010USA College of Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS39762USA School of Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA College of Engineering Nanyang Technical University308232Singapore Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX75390USA Allegheny Health Network-Drexel University College of Medicine PittsburghPA15212USA

Cardiac extracellular matrices(ECM)play crucial functional roles in cardiac *** studies have mainly focused on collagen,the major structural ECM in heart *** role of elastin in cardiac mechanics,however,is poorly *** this study,we investigated the spatial distribution and microstructural morphologies of cardiac elastin in porcine left *** demonstrated that the epicardial elastin network had location-and depth-dependency,and the overall epicardial elastin fiber mapping showed certain correlation with the helical heart muscle fiber *** compared to the epicardial layer,the endocardial layer was thicker and has a higher elastin-collagen ratio and a denser elastin fiber network;moreover,the endocardial elastin fibers were finer and more wavy than the epicardial elastin fibers,all suggesting various interface *** myocardial interstitial elastin fibers co-exist with the perimysial collagen to bind the cardiomyocyte bundles;some of the interstitial elastin fibers showed a locally aligned,hinge-like structure to connect the adjacent cardiomyocyte *** collagen-elastin combination reflects an optimal design in which the collagen provides mechanical strength and elastin fibers facilitate recoiling during ***,cardiac elastin fibers,along with collagen network,closely associated with the Purkinje cells,indicating that this ECM association could be essential in organizing cardiac Purkinje cells into“fibrous”and“branching”morphologies and serving as a protective feature when Purkinje fibers experience large deformations in *** short,our observations provide a structural basis for future in-depth biomechanical investigations and biomimicking of this long-overlooked cardiac ECM component.

关键词： Heart ECM Epicardial elastin Endocardial elastin Interstitial elastin Purkinje-cell associated elastin

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Peanut Skin Extracts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 22-32页

作者： Wanida E. lewis Gabriel K. Harris timothy H. Sanders Brittany l. White lisa l. Dean Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Market Quality and Handling Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Raleigh USA Market Quality and Handling Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Raleigh USA.

Peanut skins are regarded as a low economic value by-product of the peanut industry;however, they contain high levels of bioactive compounds including catechins and procyanidins, which are known for their health-promoting properties. The in vitro antioxidant activity of peanut skin extracts (PSE) has been reported but the associated anti-inflammatory properties have not been widely examined. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of PSE on the pro-inflammatory enzyme, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression, on its downstream product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and on nitrous oxide (NO) levels. Defatted peanut skins were extracted using two aqueous solvent mixtures (50% acetone and 90% ethanol), in order to compare the effects of the two solvent systems on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. PSE antioxidant activity was determined by the hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC) assay, while total phenolics were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and flavan-3-ols and procyanidins were quantified by HPlC. Acetone extracted PSE (A-PSE) exhibited numerically, but not statistically higher H-ORAC and total phenolic values than the ethanol extracted PSE (E-PSE) (1836 μmol Trolox/100 g and 67.9 mg GAE/g, and 1830 μmol Trolox/100 g and 51.8 GAE/g respectively). A-PSE also had higher levels of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins than E-PSE. RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% (v/v) of A-PSE or E-PSE and induced with the inflammatory marker, lipopolysaccharide (lPS) for 12 hours. COX-2 protein expression, measured by Western blotting was significantly (p 2 and NO levels measured by ElISA, were significantly (p levels of A-PSE and E-PSE suggesting that A-PSE and E-PSE not also possess similar antioxidant properties, but also exhibit similar anti-inflammatory effects.

关键词： Peanut Skins Antioxidants Anti-Inflammatory Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Nitric Oxide (NO) Procyanidins