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Effect of dietary fibre on the gastrointestinal microbiota during critical illness:A scoping review

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 49-59页

作者： Angajendra N Ghosh Calum J Walsh Matthew J Maiden tim p Stinear Adam M Deane Department of Intensive Care The Northern HospitalEpping 3076VictoriaAustralia Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourne 3052VictoriaAustralia Department of Intensive Care The Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkville 3050VictoriaAustralia Department of Intensive Care Medicine The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville 3050VictoriaAustralia

The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly *** strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated *** changes in dietary intake can rapidly change the GI microbiota,the impact of dietary changes during acute critical illness on the microbiota remain *** fibre is metabolised by carbohydrate-active enzymes and,in health,can alter GI *** aim of this scoping review was to describe the effects of dietary fibre supplementation in health and disease states,specifically during critical *** controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that include adults(>18 years age)and reported changes to GI microbiota as one of the study outcomes using non-culture methods,were *** show dietary fibres have an impact on faecal microbiota in health and *** fibre,inulin,has a marked and specific effect on increasing the abundance of faecal *** chain fatty acids produced by Bifidobacteria have been shown to be beneficial in other patient *** few trials have evaluated the effect of dietary fibre on the GI microbiota during critical *** research is necessary to establish optimal fibre type,doses,duration of intervention in critical illness.

关键词： Gastrointestinal microbiota Dietary fibre Health Critical illness Short chain fatty acids

Simulation of Three-Dimensional Strained Heteroepitaxial Growth Using Kinetic Monte Carlo

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Communications in Computational physics 2011年第10期10卷 1089-1112页

作者： tim p.Schulze peter Smereka Department of Mathematics University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department ofMathematics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Efficient algorithms for the simulation of strained heteroepitaxial growth with intermixing in 2+1 dimensions are *** first of these algorithms is an extension of the energy localization method[*** and ***,An energy localization principle and its application to fast kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of heteroepitaxial growth,***.,3(2009),521-538]from1+1 to 2+1 *** approximations of this basic algorithm are then introduced,one of which treats adatoms in a more efficient manner,while the other makes use of an approximation of the change in elastic energy in terms of local elastic energy *** both cases,it is demonstrated that a reasonable level of fidelity is *** are presented showing how the film morphology is affected by misfit and deposition *** addition,simulations of stacked quantum dots are also presented.

关键词： Heteroepitaxy strained thin film kinetic Monte Carlo

Body Building on Diamonds

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第1期6卷 14-17页

作者： Andrei p. Sommer tim Scharnweber Hans-Joerg Fecht Institute of Micro and Nanomaterials University of UlmUlm 89081Germany Institute for Biological Interfaces Research Center KarlsruheKarlsruhe 76021Germany Institute for Nanotechnology Research Center Karlsruhe Karlsruhe 76021Germany

Whereas conservative therapies aim to stall the advance of disease,regenerative medicine strives to reverse *** capacity of most tissues to regenerate derives from stem cells,but there are a number of barriers which have to be circumvented before it will be possible to use stem-cell-based *** therapies,however,are expected to improve human health enormously, and knowledge gained from studying stem cells in culture and in model organisms is now laying the groundwork for a new era of regenerative *** of the most prominent methods to study stem cell differentiation is to let them to form embryoid *** favourable conditions any stem cell line will form embryoid ***,the mechanism of the formation of embryoid bodies is not very well understood,and to produce them in the laboratory is in no way trivial-an important technical barrier in stem cell ***,the embryoid body cultivation step has been successfully circumvented for the derivation of osteogenic cultures of embryonic stem *** we report on a simple and reusable system to cultivate embryoid bodies in extremely short *** method is inspired by the principles that lead to the establishment of the biomimetic triangle.

关键词： biomimetic triangle stem cells embryoid bodies nanobionics nanocrystalline diamond

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The Influence of Edge Energy on Step Flow Instability for Crystals with Bravais Versus Non-Bravais Lattice Structures

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Communications in Computational physics 2020年第1期27卷 70-86页

作者： tim Krumwiede Khoa D.Dinh Christian Ratsch tim p.Schulze Department of Mathematics Bringham Young UniversityUT 84602USA Department of Mathematics University of TennesseeTennessee 37996USA Institute for pure and Applied Mathematics and Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1555USA

We examine the meandering instability for prismatic lattices formed from triangles,squares and hexagons using a nearest neighbor kinetic Monte Carlo *** the first two cases,which are Bravais lattices,we find that facets with the orientation favored in the equilibrium shape of isolated islands are most prone to this instability,while the analogous facet for the hexagonal lattice is the least *** argue that this is due to a significant difference in the reconstructed/equilibrium versus the non-reconstructed edge energy for non-Bravais ***/edge energy is typically modeled as a single-valued function of *** put forward a simple geometric argument that suggests this picture is inadequate for crystals with a non-Bravais lattice *** the case of a hexagonally structured lattice,our arguments indicate that the non-reconstructed edge energy can be viewed as both discontinuous and multi-valued for a subset of orientations that are commensurate with the crystal *** support these conclusions with density functional theory calculations that also reveal multivalued surface energies for the set of singular orientations.

关键词： KMC surface energy epitaxy

Simulation of Impurity Diffusion in a Strained Nanowire Using Off-Lattice KMC

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Communications in Computational physics 2007年第1期2卷 164-176页

作者： Weidong Guo tim p.Schulze Weinan E Department of Mathematics University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996-1300USA Department of Mathematics and program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544-1000USA.

Kinetic Monte Carlo(KMC)is a stochastic model used to simulate crystal ***,most KMC models rely on a pre-defined lattice that neglects dislocations,lattice mismatch and strain *** this paper,we investigate the use of a 3D off-lattice KMC *** test this method by investigating impurity diffusion in a strained FCC *** faster than a molecular dynamics simulation,the most general implementation of off-lattice KMC is much slower than a lattice-based *** improved procedure is achieved for weakly strained systems by precomputing approximate saddle point locations based on unstrained lattice *** this way,one gives up some of the flexibility of the general method to restore some of the computational speed of lattice-based *** addition to providing an alternative approach to nano-materials simulation,this type of simulation will be useful for testing and calibrating methods that seek to parameterize the variation in the transition rates for lattice-based KMC using continuum modeling.

关键词： Off-lattice KMC nanowire strain rate impurity diffusion.

Inverted List Kinetic Monte Carlo with Rejection Applied to Directed Self-Assembly of Epitaxial Growth

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Communications in Computational physics 2009年第8期6卷 553-564页

作者： Michael A.Saum tim p.Schulze Christian Ratsch Department of Mathematics University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee 37996USA Department of Mathematics and Institute for pure and Applied Mathematics University of California in Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA

We study the growth of epitaxial thin films on pre-patterned substrates that influence the surface diffusion of subsequently deposited material using a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm that combines the use of inverted lists with *** resulting algorithm is well adapted to systems with spatially heterogeneous hopping *** evaluate the algorithm’s performance we compare it with an efficient,binary-tree based algorithm.A key finding is that the relative performance of the inverted list algorithm improves with increasing system size.

关键词： Epitaxial growth kinetic Monte Carlo binary-tree search

Orderly Algorithm to Enumerate Central Groupoids and Their Graphs

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第2期23卷 249-264页

作者： tim BOYKETT time’s Up Research Department and Department of Mathematics Johannes-Kepler University

A graph has the unique path property Uppif there is a unique path of length n betweenany ordered pair of *** paper reiterates Royle and MacKay’s technique for constructing orderly *** wishto use this technique to enumerate all Uppgraphs of small orders 3~2 and 4~*** attempt to use thedirect graph formalism and find that the algorithm is *** introduce a generalised problem and derive algebraic and combinatoric structures with appro-priate *** we are able to design an orderly algorithm to determine all Uppgraphs oforder 3~2,which runs fast *** hope to be able to determine the Uppgraphs of order 4~2 in thenear future.

关键词： orderly algorithms paths in directed graphs enumeration

Increasing Trend of Summertime Synoptic Wave Train Activity over the Western North pacific since 1950

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第5期34卷 1013-1024页

作者： Xinyi ZHOU tim LI Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China International pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHI 96822USA

The change of summertime synoptic-scale wave train(SWT) activity over the western North pacific(WNp) since1950 was investigated based on the NCEp–NCAR reanalysis data. It is found that the intensity of SWT has a rising trend, while its structure and phase propagation characteristics remain unchanged. Environmental factors responsible for the rising trend are investigated. By separating the whole period into three warming phases(p1: 1950–1958, p2:1978–1986, and p3: 2006–2014), we found that even though the vertical velocity shows a rising trend, the background low-level vorticity over the monsoon trough region increases from p1 to p2 but decreases from p2 to p3, and so is the low-level barotropic energy conversion(CK). Thus, just the environmental dynamic factor could not explain the continuous rising SWT trend. On the other hand, thermodynamic factor, such as the sea surface temperature(SST), moisture, and atmospheric instability, shows a clear step-by-step increasing trend. A non-dimensional synoptic activity index(SAI) that combines the dynamic and thermodynamic factors is then proposed. This index well captures the observed long-term trend of the SWT intensity.

关键词： global warming synoptic wave train barotropic energy conversion(CK) atmospheric instability parameter synoptic activity index(SAI)

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Rapid ongoing decline of Baird’s tapir in Cusuco National park, Honduras

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 420-428页

作者： Niall p.McCANN phil M.WHEELER tim COLES Michael W.BRUFORD School of Biosciences Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Centre for Environmental and Marine Sciences University of HullScarboroughUK Operation Wallacea Wallace HouseOld BolingbrokeUK

During the International Tapir Symposium 16-21 Oct 2011,the conservation of Baird's tapir(Tapirus baindi)in Honduras received a boost with the signing of a memorandum of understanding between the Minister Direc-tor of the Honduran Instute of Conservation and Forestry(CF)and the Tapir Specialist Group(TSG)Despite this agreement,accelerating levels of hunting and habitat loss contimue to pose a threat to Baird's tapir in *** ongoing study in Cusuco National park in northwestern Honduras has been monitoring changes in population dynamics of Baird's tapir since 2006 through the collection of occupancy *** study has iden-tified an increase in hunting pressure,coinciding with a drastic decline in the encounter rate with Baird's tapir ***,we examine the significance of a range of demographic variables on Baird's tapir occupancy in Cu-suco National park using the software pRESENCE,and simulate the effects of different management strategies on the fiuture dynamics of the population using the stochastic simulation software VORTEX The predictions of the theoretical population models are compared to observed changes in occupancy *** found that non-intervention resulted in the local extinction of Baird's tapir within a very short time fiame,but that various in-tervention models enabled the population to recover to near carrying *** and extinction prob-ability were shown to respond marlkedly to the increase in hunting pressure;and occupancy models supported the fiuture population predictions generated by *** study suggests that immediate intervention is re-quired to reduce hunting pressure to near historical levels to prevent the imminent 1ocal extinction of the species.

关键词： Baird's tapir Honduras population viability analysis pRESENCE VORTEX