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Trap catches of the sweetpotato whitefly （Homoptera： Aleyrodidae） in the Imperial Valley, California, from 1996 to 2002

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Insect Science 2007年第2期14卷 165-170页

作者： CHANG-CHI CHU EDWARD BARNES ERIC T. NATWICK TIAN-YECHEN DAVID RITTER thomas j. henneberry USDA ARS U.S. ALARC Maricopa Arizona E1 Centro California USA Agricultural Research Cotton Inc. Cary North Carolina E1 Centro California USA University of California Cooperative Extension DANR Holtville California E1 Centro California USA Imperial County Agricultural Commissioner' s Office E1 Centro California USA

An outbreak of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）, biotype B occurred in the Imperial Valley, California in 1991. The insects destroyed melon crops and seriously damaged other vegetables, ornamentals and row crops. As a result of the need for sampling technology, we developed a whitefly trap （named the CC trap） that could be left in the field for extended time periods. We used the traps to monitor populations ofB. tabaci adults during year-round samplings from 1996 to 2002 to study variations in the weekly trap catches of the insect. The greatest number ofB. tabaci adults was recorded in 1996, followed by a continuing annual decrease in trap catches each year through 2002. The overall decline of B. tabaci is attributed in part to the adoption of an integrated pest management （IPM） program initiated in 1992 and reduced melon hectares from 1996 to 2002. Other factors may also have contributed to the population reductions. Seasonally, B. tabaci trap catches decreased during the late summer and fall concurrent with decreasing minimum tempera- tares that are suggested to be a significant factor affecting seasonal activity and reproduction.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci biotype B CC trap cotton melons ornamentals

Pink bollworm moth （Lepidoptera： Gelechiidae） catches in the Imperial Valley, California from 1989 to 2003

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Insect Science 2006年第6期13卷 469-475页

作者： CHANG-CHI CHU ERIC T. NATWICK RAUL LEON LOPEZ j.LENER. DESSERT thomas j. henneberry USDA-ARS U.S. Arid Land Regearch Center Maricopa AZ University of California Cooperative Research and Extension Holtville California USA Instituto Nacionel de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolasy Pecuxrias Mexicali B.C. Mexico Imperial County Agricultural Commissioner s Office EI Centrb California USA

We examined the patterns of male pink bollworm （PBW）, Pectinophora gossypiella （Saunders）, moth catches in gossyplure-baited traps over a 15-year period from 1989 to 2003 in the Imperial Valley, California, USA. Monitoring was conducted during periods when different pink bollworm areawide control strategies were being used. Numbers of male pink bollworm moths caught in gossyplure-baited traps progressively decreased each year from 1990 to 1994 during short-season cotton production. High numbers of male moths caught in traps from 1995 to 1997 may have been related to moth migrations from the large cotton acreages grown in the Mexicali Valley bordering the Imperial Valley. Transgenic Bollgard （Bt） cotton was planted in 3% of the cotton area in 1996 and thereafter in 80%- 94% of the cotton area from 1997 to 2003. Pink bollworm moth trap catches were significantly lower from 1998 to 2003 than catches in 1995 to 1997, except for 1999. The trapping results suggested that Bt cotton had significant input on reduction of pink bollworm populations, confirming results of other investigators and providing additional documentation on the benefits of the Bt cotton culture.

关键词： Bt cotton diapause larvae gossyplure migration Pectinophora gossypiella short-season cotton

Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen Robert j.thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

Laser cut hole matrices in novel armour plate steel for appliqué battlefield vehicle protection

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第5期12卷 351-359页

作者： Daniel j. thomas Engineering Manufacturing Centre College of Engineering Swansea University Swansea UK

During this research, experimental rolled homogeneous armour steel was cast, annealed and laser cut to form an appliqué plate. This Martensitic–Bainitic microstructure steel grade was used to test a novel means of engineering lightweight armour. It was determined that a laser cutting speed of 1200 mm/min produced optimum hole formations with limited distortion. The array of holes acts as a double-edged solution, in that they provide weight saving of 45%, providing a protective advantage and increasing the surface area. Data collected were used to generate laser cut-edge hole proj.ctions in order to identify the optimum cutting speed, edge condition, cost and deformation performance. These parameters resulted in the generation of a surface, with less stress raising features. This can result in a distribution of stress across the wider surface. Provided that appropriate process parameters are used to generate laser cut edges, then the hardness properties of the surface can be controlled. This is due to compressive residual stresses produced in the near edge region as a result of metallurgical transformations. This way the traverse cutting speed parameter can be adj.sted to alter critical surface characteristics and microstructural properties in close proximity to the cut-edge. A relationship was identified between the width of the laser HAZ and the hardness of the cut edge. It is the thickness of the HAZ that is affected by the laser process parameters which can be manipulated with adj.sting the traverse cutting speed.

关键词： Armour steels Defence systems Steel processing Armour engineering

Expanding the phenotypic plasticity paradigm to broader views of trait space and ecological function

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 463-473页

作者： thomas j. DEWITT Department of Wildlife & Fisheries Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843-2258 USA

Foundational concepts of trait spaces, including phenotypic plasticity and function of traits, should be expanded and better integrated with ecological theory. This article addresses two areas where plasticity theory can become further integrated with ecological, evolutionary, and developmental thinking. First is the idea that not only trait means within environments and plasticity of trait means across environments is optimized by selection, but that the entire shape of phenotype distributions such as variance or skew should be optimized within and across environments. In order for trait distribution shape to evolve into adaptations, there must be a genetic basis for and selection upon variation in distribution shapes and their plasticities. I present published and new data demonstrating genetic control and selection for higher moments of phenotype distributions; though, plasticity in these values has not yet been tested. Genetic control of phenotype distribution moments is shown for Neurospora crassa ascospore size and shape. Selection on trait distribution moments is shown for Eurosta solidaginis gall size. Second, there is a tradition in modeling plasti- city as an adaptive strategy that pits it as an alternative to ecological specialization or generaliza- tion. However, these strategies need not be considered alternatives. Rather, with environmental fluctuation within generations plasticity may produce additive or non-additive intermediate （gener- alist） phenotypes, or something new altogether. I present published and new data on the snail Physa virgata and fish Gambusia affinis that show plasticity produces partly intermediate （general- ist） and partly unique phenotypic elements in mixed and fluctuating environments. Plasticity can thus be viewed in the context of a broader trait space and as having broader ecological roles than currently is conceived.

关键词： genetics of trait distributions multi-moment reaction norms non-additive plasticity off-plane phenotypes probabilisticoptimization selection on trait distributions specialists and generalists.

The impact of macroalgae on mean and turbulent flow fields

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j.urnal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第3期27卷 427-435页

作者： thomas Robert E. MCLELLAND Stuart j. Department of Geography Environment and Earth Sciences University of Hull

In this paper, we attempt to quantify the mean and turbulent flow fields around live macroalgae within a tidal inlet in Norway. Two Laminaria digitata specimens - 0.50 m apart were selected for detailed study and a profiling ADV was used to collect 45 velocity profiles, each composed of up to seven 0.035 m-high profiles collected for 240 s at 100 Hz, at a streamwise spacing of 0.25 m and cross-stream spacing of 0.20 m. To quantify the impact of the macroalgae, measurements were repeated over a sparser grid after the region had been completely cleared of algae and maj.r roughness elements.

关键词： dealiasing laminaria digitata turbulence vectrino profiler velocity profile

Can inhibition of telomerase increase pancreatic cancer cell's susceptibility to chemotherapeutic reagents?

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2002年第1期1卷 155-160页

作者： thomas j.Ⅲ Fahey Department of Surgery Cornell University Medical College New York NY USA

Obj.ctives: To clarify the inhibition of pancreatic can-cer cells by interference with the hTR component of thetelomerase reverse transcriptase enzymatic complexand evaluate susceptibility of antisense hTR pancreaticcancer cells to chemotherapeutic ***: A 593 bp of full length hTR cDNA was sub-cloned into a mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1(-) in antisense orientation to construct an antisensehTR expression plasmid. The plasmids were introducedinto Pancl cells, a human pancreatic carcinoma cellline, by lipofectin, and G418-resistant stable trans-formants were expanded. Resulting stable clones werescreened for the presence of hTR insert by PCR withT7 and BGH reverse primers located on the flanks ofthe multiclonal site of pcDNA3.1 vector. Cell growth rate,hTR expression, telomerase activity, and anchorage-in-dependent growth property were analyzed. Finally, sus-ceptibility of antisense hTR cells to chemotherapeuticreagents was ***: Significant downregulation of endogenous hTRwas evident in the antisense-hTR transformed cells,and telomerase activity was markedly decreased com-pared to control cells in standard TRAP assays. Fur-thermore, the proliferation and the anchorage-inde-pendent growth ability in antisense-hTR expressingcells were significantly decreased compared with thecontrol parental cells. However, no crisis or senescencephenomena was observed. Antisense hTR appears toincrease Pancl cell's susceptibility to chemotherapeuticreagent cDDP, but not to differentiation reagent DM-SO, COX2 inhibitor sulinbac, NS-398, curcumin, andchemotherapeutic reagent adriamycin(ADM).Conclusions: These data indicate that hTR is probablya critical component of human telomerase activity andthat downregulation of the RNA component of humantelomerase is an effective target for anticancer strategyand antisense hTR can increase Pancl cell's susceptibilityto cDDP.

关键词： Telomerase hTR Antisense Pancreatic carcinoma cellline chemotherapeutic reagents

Particle flow simulations with homogenised lattice Boltzmann methods

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Particuology 2017年第5期15卷 1-13页

作者： Mathias j. Krause Fabian Klemens thomas Henn Robin Trunk Hermann Nirschl Institute for Applied and Numerical Mathematics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76021 Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76021 Karlsruhe Germany

An alternative approach to simulating arbitrarily shaped particles submersed in viscous fluid in two dimensions is proposed, obtained by adapting the velocity parameter of the equilibrium distribution function of a standard lattice Boltzmann method （LBM）. Comparisons of exemplifying simulations to results in the literature validate the approach as well as the convergence analysis. Pressure fluctuations occurring in Ladd＇s approach are greatly reduced. In comparison with the immersed boundary method, this approach does not require cost intensive interpolations. The parallel efficiency of LBM is retained. An intrinsic momentum transfer is observed during particle-particle collisions. To demonstrate the capa- bilities of the approach, sedimentation of particles of several shapes is simulated despite omitting an explicit particle collision model.

关键词： Particulate flow simulationsArbitrarily shaped particlesLattice Boltzmann methodsValidationSedimentation processes

Regional climate model downscaling may improve the prediction of alien plant species distributions

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第4期8卷 457-471页

作者： Shuyan LIU Xin-Zhong LIANG Wei GAO thomas j. STOHLGREN Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park MD 20740 USA Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland College Park MD 20740 USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Fort Collins Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins CO 80526 USA

Distributions of invasive species are commonly predicted with species distribution models that build upon the statistical relationships between observed species presence data and climate data. We used field observations, climate station data, and Maximum Entropy species distribution models for 13 invasive plant species in the United States, and then compared the models with inputs from a General Circulation Model （hereafter GCM-based models） and a downscaled Regional Climate Model （hereafter, RCM-based models）. We also compared species distributions based on either GCM-based or RCM-based models for the present （1990-1999） to the future （2046- 2055）. RCM-based species distribution models replicated observed distributions remarkably better than GCM- based models for all invasive species under the current climate. This was shown for the presence locations of the species, and by using four common statistical metrics to compare modeled distributions. For two widespread invasive taxa （Bromus tectorum or cheatgrass, and Tamarix spp. or tamarisk）, GCM-based models failed miserably to reproduce observed species distributions. In contrast, RCM-based species distribution models closely matched observations. Future species distributions may be significantly affected by using GCM-based inputs. Because invasive plants species often show high resilience and low rates of local extinction, RCM-based species distribution models may perform better than GCM-based species distribution models for planning containment programs for invasive species.

关键词： climate change species distribution model,Maxent downscaling