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Assessment of the Content and Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in a Rural Community in Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第14期4卷 846-856页

作者： Gregory Edie Halle-Ekane thomas Egbe Obinchemti Jeffrey-Lewis Nnomzo’o Nzang Ngoe Morike Mokube Martin Mafany Njie theophile nana njamen Boniface T. Nasah Department of Surgery and Gynecology/Obstetrics Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Regional Hospital Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: Pregnant women receive antenatal care (ANC) to ensure favorable pregnancy outcomes. Despite the high ANC coverage rate registered nationally in Cameroon;rural women, women with no formal education and those in the most deprived quintile still face difficulties in having access to quality ANC. the impact of the aforementioned factors on ANC use in the Muea Health Area (MHA) is unknown. the objective of this study was to determine the proportion of women attending ANC and the factors influencing ANC attendance in the MHA. Materials and Methods: this was a community based, analytical, cross sectional survey that involved pregnant women and women with children less than two years old who gave an informed consent or assent. Data were collected using a semi structured questionnaire. EPI info Version 7 and Stat Pac for Windows version 12??1998-2011 (Stat Pac Inc, Bloomington, USA) were used for data analysis. Associations were considered statistically significant for p values less than 0.05. Results: Two hundred and twenty women were interviewed. the mean age was 25 years (SD 5.28). Ninety-nine percent of women had at least one ANC visit meanwhile 84.8% had at least four ANC visits. Only 27.2% of women booked for ANC in the first trimester. Rural (Maumu) residence was associated with inappropriate ANC attendance (attending less than four times) (χ2?= 18.5;p = 0.001). Semi urban women (87%;95% C.I. = 85.10% - 89.0%) were more likely to attend four or more sessions than rural (Maumu) women (60.7%;95% C.I. = 44.2% - 77.3%) (p = 0.001). Participant’s educational level was a significant predictor of early booking for ANC (χ2?= 26.8;p = 0.0002). Semi urban wom- en (79.1%;95% C.I. = 76.0% - 82.2%) were significantly more likely to have a vaginal examination done than rural (Maumu) women (42.1%;95% C.I. = 17.5% - 68.2%) (p = 0.0001). Women who met a doctor during ANC (84.0%;95% C.I. = 80.8% - 87.0%) were more likely to have a vaginal examination done than women who onl

关键词： Assessment Utilization Antenatal Care Preferences Buea

Attainment of the Fifth Millennium Development Goal: Utopia or Reality Based on Trends in Maternal Mortality in 12 Years in Two Regional Hospitals in Fako Division, Cameroon? A Retrospective Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第13期4卷 771-781页

作者： Gregory Edie Halle Ekane thomas Egbe Obinchemti Charlotte Nguefack Tchente Lydia Kahgomia Fokunang theophile nana njamen Ndamezie Nkafu Bechem Martin Mafany Njie Daniel Latum Department of Surgery and Gynecology/Obstetrics Faculty of Health Sciences University of BueaBuea Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Regional Hospital Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Limbe Regional Hospital Limbe Cameroon Department of Public and Community Health University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: According to WHO, globally an estimated 585,000 women die each year from complications of pregnancy and childbirth. One of the targets of Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG 5) is to reduce maternal mortality by three quarters of the 1999 value by the year 2015. However, three years to 2015, very little is known on the trends in maternal mortality ratio, causes of maternal deaths and their associated factors in the Tiko Cottage Hospital (TCH) and Limbe Regional Hospital (LRH) in the South-West Region, Cameroon. Methods: this was a retrospective, analytical cross-sectional study that was carried out from 1st January 2000 to December 2012. After obtaining ethical clearance, the records of cases of maternal deaths and a reference group of women who survived after a pregnancy during the same period were carefully reviewed. the data were analyzed with SPSS 10 and EPI 3.5.1. Results: there were 14,480 live births and 132 maternal deaths during the study period, giving an adjusted Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) of 892/100,000 live births. Patients’ age ranged from 15 - 40 years (SD 2.3). We observed a downwards trend of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR). Seventy-eight percent of the maternal deaths were due to direct causes. the triad of hemorrhage (54.5%), abortions (17.4%), and eclampsia (10.6%) was the leading cause of death. HIV-related complications and hepatitis constituted the main indirect causes of maternal death. In 85.4% of cases, maternal deaths were avoidable. Lack of blood for transfusion and late referral of cases were the main avoidable factors. Patients less than 35 years (p = 0.01), no antenatal care (ANC) (p = 0.001), unemployment [OR = 1.52;95% CI: (1.38 - 48.28);p = 0.02] were significantly associated with maternal deaths while grand multiparity [OR = 1.20;95% CI (0.30 - 4.86);p = 0.79], marital status [OR = 1.20;95% CI: (0.70 - 2.07);p = 0.51] and education level were not significantly associated with maternal deaths. Conclusion: the trend s

关键词： Maternal Mortality Ratio Causes Trends MDG 5 South West Region

电针结合点刺放血、拔罐辅助治疗特发性面神经麻痹急性期40例随机对照临床观察

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中医杂志 2024年第14期65卷 1458-1463页

作者：秦懿囡杨丽红白杨徐天宇赵娜娜李之湄杜元灏陕西中医药大学针灸推拿学院陕西省咸阳市712046 天津中医药大学第一附属医院甘肃省庆阳市中医医院

目的观察电针结合点刺放血及拔罐辅助治疗特发性面神经麻痹(IFP)急性期对面神经功能恢复的影响。方法将80例IFP急性期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例。对照组在病程≤10天的急性期予以口服醋酸泼尼松片;病程>10天的恢复期予以电针... 详细信息

目的观察电针结合点刺放血及拔罐辅助治疗特发性面神经麻痹(IFP)急性期对面神经功能恢复的影响。方法将80例IFP急性期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例。对照组在病程≤10天的急性期予以口服醋酸泼尼松片;病程>10天的恢复期予以电针及闪罐治疗,每周5次。治疗组急性期在对照组治疗的基础上予以针刺患侧的星状神经节、耳甲腔迷走神经刺激点、翳风、听会,翳风、听会连接电针仪,每日1次;翳风点刺放血后拔罐,每周2次;恢复期治法同对照组。两组均治疗至发病45天。主要结局指标为多伦多面部评分系统(SFGS)评分,次要结局指标包括House-Brackmann (H-B)分级、面部残疾指数(FDI)评分、H-B分级Ⅰ级病例数,并记录两组的不良事件。结果与治疗前比较,两组患者发病后第10天、第30天、第45天SFGS评分升高(P<0.05),发病后第30天、第45天H-B分级降低(P<0.05),发病后第30天、第45天面部残疾指数-躯体功能(FDIP)评分及面部残疾指数-社会心理(FDIS)评分升高(P<0.05)。治疗组患者SFGS评分在发病后第30天、第45天均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);H-B分级在发病后第30天、第45天显著低于对照组(P<0.05);发病后45天FDIP评分,发病后第30天、第45天FDIS评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在治疗结束时治疗组H-B分级Ⅰ级者77.50%(31例)显著高于对照组的55.00%(22例)(P<0.05)。两组均未发生不良事件。结论 IFP急性期采用电针结合点刺放血拔罐疗法能改善面神经功能恢复程度、提高疗效,且安全性较高。

关键词：特发性面神经麻痹急性期面神经功能电针刺络放血拔罐随机对照试验

the Problem of Traditional African Pharmacopoeia in Obstetrics: Use of Plants for Utero-Tonic Purposes and Materno-Fetal Outcome in Douala (Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第11期9卷 1464-1476页

作者： Essome Henri Mve Koh Valere nana njamen theophile Boten Merlin Ekono Michel Roger Penda Ida Calixte Tocki Toutou Grace Halle Ekane Gregory Foumane Pascal Mboudou Emile Telesphore Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Douala University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laquintinie Hospital of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Yaounde University of Yaounde Cameroon Yaoundé Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences of Buea University of Buea Buea Cameroon Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetrics and Pediatric Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Douala Douala Cameroon

Introduction: the use of traditional preparations for the induction or acceleration of labor remains a common practice in our country in particular and in Africa in general with sometimes derogatory outcomes for the mother and the fetus. Goal: the objective was to assess immediate maternal and neonatal outcomes in women who reported having used the traditional pharmacopoeia for utero-tonic purposes. Methodology: We conducted a multi-centric cross- sectional study with prospective data collection in the maternities of the Laquintinie Hospital, Bonassama District and Nylon Hospitals. It took place over a period of seven months, from 1st October 2016 to 31st April 2017. this included all women who reported having used the unconventional pharmacopoeia for utero-tonic purposes before or after contractions started. the student and Chi-square tests were interpreted at the statistical threshold of 5% and the 95% confidence intervals. Results: We recruited 168 cases, 68.5% of the 245 women interviewed. the mean age was 27.1 ± 0.41 years;55% of our respondents had a secondary level of education;80% of them were admitted at term and 43% were multiparous. Nulliparity predisposed to traditional pharmacopoeia use (RR = 1.55, CI = 0.79 - 3.03) but primiparity reduced this risk (RR = 0.4, CI = 0.24 - 0.926). Stimulation of labor was the first indication in 85% of women, the rectal evacuation enema was the main route used (67%). the majority of plants used were those of the families Asteraceae, Anthericaceae, and Malvaceae. In per partum, 42% had a brilliant dilatation;there was a statistically significant association between the occurrence of dynamic dystocia (CI = 0.28 - 1.54, p = 0.006) and the risk of perineal tear (RR = 3.13, CI = 1.68 - 5.85;p = 0.007). the APGAR score at 5 min of life was less than 7 in 64% of cases (p = 0.027). the caesarean section rate was 69%. Conclusion: Traditional products with uterotonic effects are frequently used and unregulated with its corollary o

关键词： Utero-Tonic Plants Hyperkinesia Fetal Distress Caesarean Section

Lower Bounds of Dirichlet Eigenvalues for General Grushin Type Bi-Subelliptic Operators

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Analysis in theory and Applications 2019年第1期35卷 66-84页

作者： Hua Chen Hongge Chen Junfang Wang nana Zhang School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan University

Let Q be a bounded open domain in R^n with smooth boundaryаΩ.Let X=(X1,X2…,Xm)be a system of general Grushin type vector fields defined onΩand the boundaryаΩis non-characteristic for ***△x=∑j=1^mXj^2,we denoteλk as the k-th eigenvalue for the bi-subelliptic operator△X2^2 onΩ.In this paper,by using the sharp sub-elliptic estimates and maximally hypoeliptic estimates,we give the optimal lower bound estimates ofλk for the operatork△X^2.

关键词： Eigenvalues degenerate elliptic operators sub-elliptic estimate maximally hypoelliptic estimate bi-subelliptic operator

Outcome of delivery in nulliparous teenagers aged less than 17 years: the cameroon university centre hospital experience

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011年第2期1卷 47-52页

作者： Pierre Marie Tebeu Inoussa Nsangou Philippe nana Njotang Paul théodore Tjek Biyaga Anderson Sama Doh Joseph Nelson Fomulu 不详

In a previous study at the Yaoundé-Cameroon University Centre Hospital, we found that delivery at extreme ages of reproductive health was associated with several fetal and maternal risks. We conducted this study aimed at testing the hypothesis that deliveries by teenagers were associated with increased risk. Data collection was retrospective from delivery room registers at between 01/01/1996 and 31/12/2000. Data were collected in singleton pregnancies. the identification of each nulliparous woman aged less than 17 years was followed by that of 4 nulliparous women aged 20 - 29 years following her in the order of delivery. Since it was possible to have consecutive nulliparous teenage pregnancies before four deliveries in women in their twenties, we finally compared 65 cases of teenagers delivery with 218 cases of delivery in women aged 20 - 29 years. the difference was considered significant if p value was less than 0.05. Odd ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure the effect of age on the major outcomes. At univariate analysis, the risk of delivery by caesarean section for teenagers (21.5%) was significantly high compared to women in their twenties (11.5%), (OR: 2.1;95%CI: 1.0 - 4.1;p = 0.041). Similar observation was found for stillbirth delivery with 12.3% by teenagers compared to 5.0% by women in their twenties (OR: 2.7;95%CI: 1.0 - 7.1;p = 0.044). the risk of premature delivery by teenagers (30.8%) was also significantly increased compared to women in their twenties (12.4%) (OR: 3.6;95%CI: 1.8 - 7.1;p = 0.0002). After adjustment for different factors associated with the occurrence of several risks, only pre term delivery remained significantly increased at teenage (OR: 3.7;95%CI: 1.8 - 7.6;p = 0.003). these findings underscore the importance of public health programs in preventing the pregnancy in teenagers, and in developing age-appropriate intervention.

关键词： Adolescent Delivery Risk

Pregnancies Outcome after Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Multicenter Case Control Study in a Low Income Setting Douala, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第6期11卷 720-731页

作者： Tchente Nguefack Charlotte Bourdanne Tekouake Didier T. nana njamen Nda Mefo’o Jean Pierre Ekono Michel Roger Essome Henri Tsingaing Kamgaing Jacques Gwet Bell Ernestine Sandjon Guy Halle Ekane Edie Gregory Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Biology Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Bel Air Plus Clinic Douala Douala Cameroon Odyssée Medical Clinic Douala Douala Cameroon Clinique de l’Aéroport Douala Douala Cameroon

the objective was to assess the outcome of pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology (ART). It was a case-control study carried out in four health facilities in Douala-Cameroon, over a period of five years. the cases were pregnant women who conceived through ART and the controls were those who conceived naturally. Cases and controls were matched for maternal age and parity (one case for two controls). A logistic regression analysis was used to compute Odds ratios. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. A total of 174 women who conceived through ART and 348 who conceived naturally were enrolled. Some independent factors associated with ART were: age over 45 years [aOR: 7.55; 95% CI (1.55 - 36.76);p: 0.01], twin pregnancies [aOR: 16.55;

关键词： Pregnancy Outcome Assisted Reproductive Technology Douala

Efficacy of Sishen Wan(四神丸) on dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis and its effect on toll-like receptor 2/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4/nuclear factor-κB signal pathway

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第4期42卷 565-575页

作者： ZHANG Zhaohua LIU Rong DU nana ZHU Xiangdong School of Basic Medicine Gansu university of Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000China College of Chinese Medicine Ningxia medical universityYinchuan 750000China Department of thoracic Surgery Gansu Provincial Cancer HospitalLanzhou 730000China

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Sishen Wan(四神丸,SSW)on ulcerative colitis(UC)induced by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and its effect on toll-like receptor 2/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4/nuclear factor-κB(TLR2/IRAK4/NF-κB)signaling pathway in colonic ***:In this study,120 Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank and model *** experimental UC model in rats was established by subcutaneous injection of hydrocortisone+senna gavage for 21 d+dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(DNBS)/ethanol solution *** successful model rats were randomly divided into the model group;mesalazine(0.36 g/kg)group;and high-,medium-,and low-dose SSW(24,12,and 6 g/kg)*** model and blank groups were gavaged with equal volumes of distilled water once a day for 21 *** general condition of the rats was observed,and the body mass,fecal properties,and occult blood were recorded for calculating the disease activity index(DAI)*** colonic tissue of the rats was collected,and its general morphology and pathological form were noted for obtaining the colonic mucosal injury index(CMDI)***-eosin staining was used to view the pathological changes of the colon tissue in each group,apoptosis of the cells was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick-end labeling staining,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expressions of TLR2,myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88(My D88),IRAK4,and NF-κB p65 mRNA in the colon *** expressions of TLR2,My D88,IRAK4,and NF-κB p65 protein were detected using western blotting and immunohistochemistry assay,and the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the colon tissue were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent ***:Compared with the blank group,the general condition of the model group was relatively *** DAI and CMDI scores of the model group increased signific

关键词： colitis,ulcerative toll-like receptor 2 interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases NF-kappa B signal transduction therapeutic uses Sishen Wan

Research on the Platform System of Military Chess Computer Game 25th

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Research on the Platform System of Military Chess Computer G...