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Epidemiology and phenotypes of diabetes in children and adolescents in non-European-origin populations in or from Western Pacific region

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2022年第2期11卷 173-195页

作者： Steven James Jayanthi Maniam Pik-To Cheung tatsuhiko urakami Julia von Oettingen Supawadee Likitmaskul Graham Ogle School of Nursing Midwifery and ParamedicineUniversity of the Sunshine CoastPetrie 4502QueenslandAustralia Life for a Child Program Diabetes NSW&ACTGlebe 2017New South WalesAustralia Department of Paediatric Endocrinology Genetics and MetabolismVirtus Medical GroupHong KongChina Department of Pediatrics Nihon University School of MedicineTokyo 173-8610Japan Research Institute McGill University Health CentreMontreal H4A 3JIQuebecCanada Siriraj Diabetes Center Faculty of MedicineSiriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok 10700Thailand

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(T1D)incidence varies substantially between countries/territories,with most studies indicating increasing *** Western Pacific region(WPR),reported rates are much lower than European-origin *** contrast,there are reports of substantial numbers of young people with type 2 diabetes(T2D).A deeper understanding of T1D and T2D in the WPR may illuminate factors important in pathogenesis of these ***,with varying resources and funding for diabetes treatment in this region,there is a need to more clearly determine the current burden of disease and also any gaps in *** To compile and summarise published epidemiologic and phenotypic data on childhood diabetes in non-European populations in and from *** Research articles were systematically searched from PubMed(MEDLINE),Embase,Cochrane library,and gray *** outcome measures were incidence and prevalence,with secondary measures including phenotypic descriptions of diabetes,including diabetes type categorization,presence of diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)at onset,autoantibody positivity,Cpeptide levels,and human leucocyte antigen *** data were collected using a customized *** hundred and thirty relevant records were identified from 16 countries/territories,with analysis conducted on 265(80.3%)records published from the year *** T1D incidence ranged from<1-7.3/100000 individuals/year,rates were highest in emigrant/mixed populations and lowest in South-East Asia,with most countries/territories(71.4%)having no data since *** was increasing in all six countries/territories with data(annual increases 0.5%-14.2%,highest in China).Peak age-of-onset was 10-14 years,with a female case *** of DKA at onset varied from 19.3%-70%.Pancreatic autoantibodies at diagnosis were similar to European-origin populations,with glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 autoantibody frequency of 44.1%-64.5%,insulinoma-ass

关键词： Epidemiology Phenotypes Diabetes Children Adolescents Western Pacific

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Ionization of protoplanetary disks by galactic cosmic rays,solar protons,and supernova remnants

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第2期8卷 247-252页

作者： Ryuho Kataoka tatsuhiko Sato National Institute of Polar Research 10-3 Midori-choTachikawaTokyo190-8513Japan SOKENDAI 10-3 Midori-choTachikawaTokyo190-8513Japan Japan Atomic Energy Agency Shirakata 2-4TokaiIbaraki319-1195Japan

Galactic cosmic rays and solar protons ionize the present terrestrial atmosphere,and the air showers are simulated by well-tested Monte-Carlo simulations,such as PHITS *** use the latest version of PHITS to evaluate the possible ionization of protoplanetary disks by galactic cosmic rays（GCRs）,solar protons,and by supernova *** attenuation length of GCR ionization is updated as 118 g cm^-2,which is approximately 20% larger than the popular *** and soft possible spectra of solar protons give comparable and 20% smaller attenuation lengths compared with those from standard GCR spectra,respectively,while the attenuation length is approximately 10% larger for supernova ***,all of the attenuation lengths become 10% larger in the compound gas of cosmic abundance,e.g.128 g cm^-2 for GCRs,which can affect the minimum estimate of the size of dead zones in protoplanetary disks when the incident flux is unusually high.

关键词： Galactic cosmic rays Solar protons Supernova remnants Young Sun Protoplanetary disk T Tauri stars

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Precipitate-Accommodated Plasma Nitriding for Aluminum Alloys

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 334-337页

作者： Patama Visittipitukul tatsuhiko Aizawa Hideyuki Kuwahara Department of Metallurgical Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok ThailandCenter for Collaborate Research University of Tokyo JapanResearch Institute for Applied Sciences Kyoto Japan

Reliable surface treatment has been explored to improve the strength and wear resistance of aluminum alloy parts in automotives. Long duration time as well as long pre-sputtering time are required for plasma nitriding of aluminum or its alloys only with the thickness of a few micrometers. New plasma inner nitriding is proposed to realize the fast-rate nitriding of aluminum alloys. Al-6Cu alloy is employed as a targeting material in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of this plasma nitriding. Mechanism of fast-rate nitriding process is discussed with consideration of the role of Al2Cu precipitates.

关键词：等离子渗氮铝合金沉淀调节 Al2Cu

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Solid State Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Mg-Si-Ge System

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2005年第5期21卷 618-622页

作者： Renbo SONG Yazheng LIU tatsuhiko AIZAWA School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Center for Collaborative Research The University of Tokyo Komaba 4-6-1 Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8904 Japan

Thermoelectric materials, Mg2Si1-xGex （x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1）, have been prepared by bulk mechanical alloying （BMA） and hot pressing （HP）. The electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity were measured from room temperature up to about 700 K. The electrical conductivity of all the samples increases with increasing temperature, while the Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity decrease with increasing temperature. Mg2Si and Mg2Si0.8Ge0.2 possess negative type of conductivity, while for other compounds it is positive. At the same time, the effect of hot processing condition on thermoelectric properties was also investigated. The maximum figure of merit of Mg2Si0.6Ge0.4 was obtained with the processing parameter of BMA at 600 cycles and hot pressing at 773 K and i GPa for i h.

关键词： Solid-state synthesis Mg2Si1-xGex Bulk mechanical alloying Thermoelectric Hot pressing

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Direct Simulation Methods for Scalar-Wave Envelopes in Two-Dimensional Layered Random Media Based on the Small-Angle Scattering Approximation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第1期3卷 63-84页

作者： tatsuhiko Saito Haruo Sato Tsutomu Takahashi Earthquake Research Institute The University of TokyoYayoi 1-1-1Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-0032Japan. CREST Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST). Department of Geophysics Graduate School of ScienceTohoku UniversityAramaki-Aza-Aoba 6-3Aoba-kuSendaiMiyagi980-8578Japan. Institute for Research on Earth Evolution Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyShowa-machi 3173-25Kanazawa-kuYokohamaKanagawa236-0001Japan.

This study presents stochastic methods to simulate wave envelopes in layeredrandom media. High-frequency Seismograms of small earthquakes are so complexdue to lithospheric inhomogeneity that seismologists often analyze wave envelopesrather than wave traces to quantify the subsurface inhomogeneity. Since thestatistical properties of the inhomogeneity vary regionally, it is important to developand examine direct envelope simulation methods for non-uniform random media. Asa simple example, this study supposes planewave propagation through two-layer randommedia in 2-D composed of weak and strong inhomogeneity zones. The characteristicspatial-scale of the inhomogeneity is supposed to be larger than the wavelength,where small-angle scattering around the forward direction dominates large-angle *** envelope simulation methods based on the small-angle scattering approximationare examined. One method is to solve a differential equation for the twofrequencymutual coherence function with the Markov approximation. The other isto solve the stochastic ray bending process by using the Monte Carlo method basedon the Markov approximation for the mutual coherence function. The resultant waveenvelopes of the two methods showed excellent coincidence both for uniform and fortwo-layer random media. Furthermore, we confirmed the validity of the two methodscomparing with the envelopes made from the finite difference simulations of *** two direct envelope simulation methods presented in this study can be a mathematicalbase for the study of high-frequency wave propagation through randomlyinhomogeneous lithosphere in seismology.

关键词： Seismic wave envelope random media.

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Thermoelectric Properties of Mg_2Si_(1-x)Sn_x Synthesized by Bulk Mechanical Alloying

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2006年第B12期19卷 134-138页

作者： SONG Ren-bo LIU Ya-zheng tatsuhiko AIZAWA School of Material Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Jayram Office University of Toronto Shanghai International Building 6F 1-24-12 Shinkawa Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0033 Japan

Bulk mechanical alloying （BMA） has been successfully applied to solid-state synthesis of p-type and n-type thermoelectric materials Mg2Si1-xSnx （x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1） from element-powders at the room temperature in a relatively short time. The electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient and the thermal conductivity of the Mg2Si1-xSnx are quite sensitive to the x-content. With the x-content rising, the electrical conductivity increases. When x = 0.6, it reaches the lowest and Mg2Si shows an n-type of semi-conducting However, when x = 0.2 and T 〉525 K, the Seebeck coefficient of the samples will change the opposite way. While x≥0.4, the samples present a p-type of semi-conducting. The figure of merit, Z of Mg2Si1-xSnx will be obtained in the range from 300 K to 700 K. When x = 0.6, Z proves to be higher than that of other samples at 300 K≤ T≤650 K.

关键词： solid-state synthesis thermoelectric bulk mechanical alloying Mg2Si1-xSnx

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Dry Machining Tool Design via Chlorine Ion Implantation

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5B期25卷 879-882页

作者： tatsuhiko Aizawa Atsushi Mitsuo Shigeo Yamamoto Shinji Muraishi Taro Sumitomo Center for Collaborate Research University of Tokyo Tokyo JapanTokyo Metropolitan Industrial Research Institute Tokyo JapanTokyo Metropolitan Industrial Research Institute Tokyo JapanDepartment of Materials Science Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo JapanCenter for Collaborate Research University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

Dry machining has become a key issue to significantly reduce the wastes of used lubricants and cleaning agents and to improve the environmental consciousness for medical and food applications of special tooling. Since the tools and metallic works are in direct contact in dry, severe adhesive wear and oxidation are thought to occur even at the presence of hard protective coatings. Self-lubrication mechanism with use of lubricous oxide films is found to be effective for dry machining. Through the chlorine ion implantation to tools, titanium base oxides are in-situ formed on the tool surface. This oxide deforms elasto-plastically so that both friction coefficient and wear volume are reduced even in the high-speed cutting.

关键词：氯离子注入自动润滑 TiN涂层 TiCN涂层干机械加工

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THREE DIMENSIONAL ELASTO-PLASTIC CONTACT BOUNDARY ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR ROLLING WITH CONSIDERATION OF FRICTION

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 1998年第1期11卷 63-69页

作者： Xiao, Hong Chen, Yiming Shen, Guangxian Aizawa, tatsuhiko Kihara, Junji Yanshan Univ China

The boundary element method in framework is given to evaluate three dimensional frictional contact problems. Elasto plastic material behavior is taken into account by mean of an initial stress formulation and Von Mises yield criterion. The amount of tangential traction at contact surface is limited by Coulomb's friction law and constant shear rule. From some numerical results of a plate rolling problem, it is demonstrated here that the BEM can be used to efficiently and accurately analyze this class of forming problems.

关键词： Strip Rolling Boundary element method Elasto plasticity Contact Friction

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Oncological results, functional outcomes and health-related quality-of-life in men who received a radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer： a study on long-term patient outcome with risk stratification

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第3期11卷 283-290页

作者： Itsuhiro Takizawa Noboru Hara Tsutomu Nishiyama Masaaki Kaneko tatsuhiko Hoshii Emiko Tsuchida Kota Takahashi Division of Urology Department of Regenerative and Sciences Niigata University Niigata 951-8510 Japan Transplant Medicine Graduate School of Medical and Dental Division of Radiation Oncology Department of Molecular Genetics Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University Niigata 951-8510 Japan

Health-related quality-of-life （HRQOL） after a radical prostatectomy （RP） or extemal beam radiation therapy （EBRT） has not been studied in conjunction with oncological outcomes in relation to disease risk stratification. Moreover, the long-term outcomes of these treatment approaches have not been studied. We retrospectively analyzed oncological outcomes between consecutive patients receiving RP （n = 86） and EBRT （n = 76） for localized prostate cancer. HRQOL and functional outcomes could be assessed in 62 RP （79%） and 54 EBRT （79%） patients over a 3-year follow-up period （median： 41 months） using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 （SF-36） and the University of Califomia Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index （UCLA PCI）. The 5-year biochemical progression-free survival did not differ between the RP and EBRT groups for low-risk （74.6% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.931） and intermediate-risk （61.3% vs. 71.1%, P = 0.691） patients. For high-risk patients, progression-free survival was lower in the RP group （45.1%） than in the EBRT group （79.7%）（P = 0.002）. The general HRQOL was comparable between the two groups. Regarding functional outcomes, the RP group reported lower scores on urinary function and less urinary bother and sexual bother than the EBRT group （P 〈 0.001, P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.001, respectively）. With risk stratification, the low- and intermediate-risk patients in the RP group reported poorer urinary function than patients in the EBRT group （P 〈 0.001 for each）. The sexual function of the high-risk patients in the EBRT group was better than that of the same risk RP patients （P 〈 0.001）. Biochemical recurrence was not associated with the UCLA PCI score in either group. In conclusion, low- to intermediate-risk patients treated with an RP may report relatively decreased urinary function during long-term follow-up. The patient＇s HRQOL after treatment did not depend on biochemical recurrence.

关键词： long-term observation quality-of-life radiation therapy radical prostatectomy risk stratification

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Effects of erect panicle genotype and environment interactions on rice yield and yield components

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第3期22卷 716-726页

作者： WANG Yuan-zheng Olusegun IDOWU WANG Yun HOMMA Koki NAKAZAKI Tetsuya ZHENG Wen-jing XU Zheng-jin SHIRAIWA tatsuhiko Rice Research Institute Liaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyang 110101P.R.China Division of Agronomy and Horticulture Science Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Rice Research Institute Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and BreedingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Super Rice BreedingMinistry of EducationShenyang 110866P.R.China Division of Biological Resource Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendai 980-8576Japan

The dense and erect panicle (EP) genotype conferred by DEP1 has been widely used in the breeding of high-yield Chinese japonica rice ***,the breeding value of the EP genotype has rarely been determined at the plant population ***,the effects of the interaction of EP genotype and the environment at different locations and times on rice yield and its various components were investigated in this *** sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs)of EP and non-EP (NEP) genotypes with Liaojing 5 (LG5) and Akitakomachi (AKI) backgrounds were grown in the field in 2016 and 2017 in Shenyang,China,and Kyoto,*** 2018,these sets were grown only in Kyoto,*** average yields of the EP and NEP genotypes were 6.67 and 6.13 t ha^(-1)for the AKI background,and 6.66 and 6.58 t ha^(-1)for the LG5 background,*** EP genotype positively affected panicle number (PN) and grain number per square meter (GNPM),mostly resulting in a positive effect on harvest index (HI).In contrast,the EP genotype exerted a negative effect on thousand-grain weight (KGW).The ratio of the performance of the EP genotype relative to the NEP genotype in terms of yield and total biomass correlated positively with mean daily solar radiation during a 40-day period around *** results indicate that the effectiveness of the EP genotype depends on the availability of solar radiation,and the effect of this genotype is consistently positive for sink formation,conditional in terms of source capacity,and positive in a high-radiation environment.

关键词： erect panicle genotype by environment interaction rice(Oryza sativa L.) solar radiation yield

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