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Longitudinal evaluation of mineral loss at the earliest stage of enamel demineralization using micro-computed tomography

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Health 2012年第6期4卷 334-340页

作者： Koji Watanabe Tomomi Nakamura takashi ogihara Yoshiyuki Ochiai Shigeru Watanabe Division of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Human Development & Fostering School of Dentistry Meikai University Sakado Japan k-watanabe@dent.meikai.ac.jp

As the prevalence of dental caries decreases, the diagnosis and treatment of initial mineral loss resulting in white spot lesions have been getting more and more important. Since dental CT provides computed tomography images of a tooth with radiation exposure similar to panoramic radiography, it will become possible in the near future to evaluate the enamel mineral density using CT in the same way as measurement of the bone mineral density. Such computed tomography images enable dentists to perform longitudinal, three-dimensional, and precise evaluation of the enamel mineral density before a demineralized lesion becomes detectable by any other traditional means. Despite their advantage, there are not enough reports on evalu- ation of the enamel mineral density using CT. This study evaluated the serial changes in mineral density in the earliest stage of enamel demineralization. Eight bovine enamel specimens were coated with nail varnish. On each specimen, 4 square windows measuring 1 mm2 were created. The specimens were incubated in lactic acid solution at 38?C. During incubation, the windows were covered by nail varnish one by one at 30, 60, and 90 minutes, respectively. At 120 minutes, the specimens were removed from the solution. After the nail varnish was removed, X-ray microradiography was performed using SKYSCAN1172 at settings of 100 kV and 100 μA. The mean Hounsfield unit values (HUV) of enamel in a non-window area and those in the window areas were calculated every 180 μm over a depth of 0 - 900 μm and analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Data were affected by the incubation time and depth from the enamel surface, and there was not interaction between the two factors. Considering the incubation time, HUV of the whole measured enamel (0 - 900 μm) in the non-window group was significantly higher than that of the other incubated groups. Considering the depth, HUV was decreased at 721 - 900 μm compared with that at 0 - 180 μm in the 30-minute-incubated group, and the decr

关键词： Mineral Density Micro-CT Demineralization Bovine Enamel Over Time Eval-uation

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Suppressive effects of saliva against enamel demineralization caused by acid beverages

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Health 2011年第12期3卷 742-747页

作者： Shoji Takahashi Shigeru Watanabe takashi ogihara Koji Watanabe Kun Xuan Xiaojing Wang 不详

This study aimed to clarify the ability of the buffer systems of saliva to inhibit enamel demineralization after intake of an acid beverage. In the first experiment, titrable acidity tests were carried out. Ten milliliters of saliva stimulated by chewing gum base was obtained from 10 healthy adult subjects and the pH of each saliva sample was measured. The beverages used for the experiment were a carbonated soft drink (pH 2.2), a sports drink (pH 3.5), and 100% orange juice (pH 3.8). Distilled water adjusted to the pH of each saliva sample was used as a control. In the second experiment, the suppressive ability of saliva against enamel demineralization was quantitatively analyzed using quantitative light- induced fluorescence (QLF). Aliquots of stimulated saliva obtained from a subject were mixed with 15 ml of 100% orange juice in saliva:orange juice ratios of 1/30, 1/15, 1/10 and 1/5, and bovine teeth were soaked for 24 hours in the solutions. The △Q of the QLF analyses of the enamel was then measured. The lowest titrant volume which reduced the pH of the initial saliva (7.7 on average) to pH 5.4 was that of the orange juice. No relationship was found between the buffer capacity and the pH of the acid beverages. From the QLF measurement, the saliva-orange juice group showed a significantly decreased amount of enamel demineralization (p < 0.01 at 20% level) compared with the distilled water-orange juice group. In conclusion, saliva acts as a buffer to suppress enamel demineralization caused by low-pH beverages.

关键词： Erosion Acid Beverage Saliva Buffering Capacity QLF

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Autofluorescence imaging endoscopy for identifi cation and assessment of inflammatory ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第46期17卷 5110-5116页

作者： Taro Osada Atsushi Arakawa Naoto Sakamoto Hiroya Ueyama Tomoyoshi Shibuya Tatsuo ogihara takashi Yao Sumio Watanabe Department of Gastroenterology Juntendo University School of Medicine Department of Human Pathology Juntendo University School of Medicine

AIM:To validate the clinical relevance of autofluores-cence imaging(AFI)endoscopy for the assessment of inflammatory ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS:A total of 572 endoscopic images were se-lected from 42 UC patients:286 taken with white light imaging(WLI)and 286 with AFI from the same *** images were assessed for overall mucosal inflammation according to Mayo endoscopic subscore(MES),and for seven characteristic endoscopic ***,AFI photographs were scored according to relative abundance of red,green and blue color com-ponents within each image based on an RGB additive color *** and AFI endoscopic scores from the same sites were *** evaluation of biopsies was according to the Riley ***:Relative to red(r=0.52,P<0.01)or blue(r=0.56,P<0.01)color component,the green color component of AFI(r=-0.62,P<0.01)corresponded more closely with mucosal inflammation *** were signif icant differences in green color components between MES-0(0.396±0.043)and MES-1(0.340± 0.035)(P<0.01),and between MES-1 and ≥ MES-2(0.318±0.037)(P<0.01).The WLI scores for "vascu-lar patterns"(r=-0.65,P<0.01),"edema"(r=-0.62,P<0.01),histology scores for "polymorphonuclear cells in the lamina propria"(r=-0.51,P<0.01)and "crypt architectural irregularities"(r=-0.51,P<0.01)showed correlation with the green color component of *** were significant differences in green color components between limited(0.399± 0.042)and extensive(0.375±0.044)(P=0.014)polymorpho-nuclear cell inf iltration within *** the severity of the mucosal inflammation increased,the green color component of AFI *** AFI green color com-ponent was well correlated with the characteristic en-doscopic and histological inflammatory features of ***:AFI has application in detecting inflammatory lesions,including microscopic activity in the co-lonic mucosa of UC patients,based on the green color component of images.

关键词： Autofluorescence imaging endoscopy En-doscopic activity Histological activity Microscopic in-flammation Green color component

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