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Multi-Hazard Evaluation Using Cluster Analysis—For Designated Evacuation Centers of Yokohama

Journal of Geographic Information System 2021年第2期13卷 243-259页

作者： Tsutomu Ochiai takahisa enomoto Kanagawa University Kanagawa Japan

Hazard maps are usually prepared for each disaster, including seismic hazard maps, flood hazard maps, and landslide hazard maps. However, when the general public attempts to check their own disaster risk, most are likely not aware of the specific types of disaster. So, first of all, we need to know what kinds of hazards are important. However, the information that integrates multiple hazards is not well maintained, and there are few such studies. On the other hand, in Japan, a lot of hazard information is being released on the Internet. So, we summarized and assessed hazard data that can be accessed online regarding shelters (where evacuees live during disasters) and their catchments (areas assigned to each shelter) in Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture. Based on the results, we investigated whether a grouping by cluster analysis would allow for multi-hazard assessment. We used four natural disasters (seismic, flood, tsunami, sediment disaster) and six parameters of other population and senior population. However, since the characteristics of the population and the senior population were almost the same, only population data was used in the final examination. From the cluster analysis, it was found that it is appropriate to group the designated evacuation centers in Yokohama City into six groups. In addition, each of the six groups was found to have explainable characteristics, confirming the effectiveness of multi-hazard creation using cluster analysis. For example, we divided, all hazards are low, both flood and Seismic hazards are high, sediment hazards are high, etc. In many Japanese cities, disaster prevention measures have been constructed in consideration of ground hazards, mainly for earthquake disasters. In this paper, we confirmed the consistency between the evaluation results of the multi-hazard evaluated here and the existing ground hazard map and examined the usefulnes

关键词： Multi Hazard Cluster Analysis Open Data Designated Evacuation Center GIS

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Analysis on Predominant Periods Distribution by Microtremor Observations for Seismic Disaster Prevention in Yokohama, Japan Using GIS

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2019年第5期11卷 579-594页

作者： Tsutomu Ochiai takahisa enomoto Kanagawa University Kanagawa Japan

In recent years, predictions of damage from earthquakes have been made on a prefectural scale, and expectations exist that more detailed damage forecasts should be made even on a city/town/village scale. It is important to know detailed ground characteristics to do damage prediction on a fine scale. Using GIS is the best way to communicate this planar disaster prevention information to the general public. Yokohama City is the second largest city in Japan and developed as part of the capital region of Metropolitan Tokyo. Recently, the population of this city has reached about 3,000,000, and economic and cultural facilities, social infrastructure, and residential complexes are concentrated in this city. The capital region, including Yokohama City, was attacked by the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake (M7.9) and Yokohama City was devastated by this earthquake. From the research so far, it is known that the H/V spectrum obtained from microtremor observation has a good correlation with the ground characteristics. The authors have been conducting high-density tremor observations that have been ongoing since the 1990s, mainly in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Here, we have organized the predominant periods obtained from the observation results for Yokohama City. The entirety of Yokohama City was divided into 250 m × 250 m meshes and their centers were used as microtremor observation sites. Excluding sites that could not be used due to geographical conditions, observations were made at approximately 5700 sites. So, we compared the data obtained separately, such as the period, terrain classification, and amplification characteristics. The distribution maps of predominant periods in Yokohama City show that the city contains a lot of artificially transformed land, and consequently, the distribution of predominant periods is not uniform. However, it can be seen that the periods become gradually longer, moving from the higher elevation eastern part toward the lower elevation western part

关键词： Microtoremor Distribution of Predominant Periods H/V Spectral Ratio Ground Motion Characteristics Yokohama City of Japan

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Development of Detailed Micro-Land Form Database and Its Application to Site Amplification Characteristics in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2019年第1期11卷 66-81页

作者： Tsutomu Ochiai takahisa enomoto Kozo Keikaku Engineering Inc. Tokyo Japan Kanagawa University Kanagawa Japan

Structural characteristic of surface soil ground has great effect on the ground motion amplitude when earthquake happens. Recent studies in Japan on seismic zonings use a database that covers entire Japan with 1 km mesh size, which is useful for prefecture scale researches. However, it is hard, even with 500 m or 250 m mesh sizes to consider a city, a county or award as scale studies. Kanagawa Prefecture is highly urbanized and vulnerable to seismic disaster. The prefecture suffered a wide spread damage during the 1923 Kanto earthquake. In this paper, we deploy a very fine mesh 50 × 50 m mesh to develop a general seismic intensity map useful for micro scale disaster management for local governments and educational information for earthquake preparedness promotion. In this paper, first we prepared two detailed databases for 50 × 50 m mesh size over entire Kanagawa Prefecture. One was for geologic formations and the other the geomorphologic condition. Then these databases were used for preparation of high-resolution digital soil classification maps for 15 categories of micro landforms of prefecture. The later database was used for mapping the site amplification factors for 50 × 50 m mesh by applying the empirical relations for AVS30. We could create a GIS platform with sufficient accuracy to consider potential risk analysis.

关键词： Micro-Landform GIS Site Response Site Amplification Factor Geologic Database Geomorphologic Database

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Microzoning Study for Seismic Risk Reduction in the Areas Covered Soft Soil Deposit, Japan

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Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 2018年第4期6卷 160-175页

作者： He Ma takahisa enomoto Tsutomu Ochiai Shigeki Senna Graduate School of Engineering Kanagawa University Kanagawa 221-8686 Japan Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Kanagawa 221-8686 Japan Kozo Keikaku Engineering Inc. Tokyo 164-0012 Japan National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience Ibaragi 305-0006 Japan

Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, is just located on the tectonic plate boundary between the Philippines Sea Plate and the North American Plate. This tectonic plate boundary is called Sagami Trough and located in Sagami Bay. The 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake （Mj7.9） occurred on this plate boundary sub-ducting from Sagami Trough, the damage due to this earthquake was so huge in Kanaawa Pref., especially, along the big river, called Sagami River, located at the middle part of Kanagawa Pref. which was mostly seriously damaged. It is caused by the soft soil deposit along the Sagami River. So, in this study, we first confirmed the results of single point microtrcemor observation of about 980 points in the target area, and at this time, we tried to investigate the surface soil structure by using the miniature array microtrcemor observation, and aimed to estimate the overall ground structure of Sagami Plain. The ground structure of Sagami plains is complex, but the northern part of the plain is relatively simple and soft soil layer is shallow and stable. But the plains of the southern part, especially the west side of the Sagami River were found to be fairly soft ground. Following above, the surface soil structure in north-south direction is very clearly changed depending on the distance from the sea coast. A changing gap on the basement is very quickly appeared about 10 km far from the coast. And also, we calculated the average Vs of the surface ground and confirmed the consistency with the current ground state while confirming the historical change and the topography situation.

关键词： Microzoning surface soil structure microtxemor observation miniature array observation.

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Liquefaction and post-liquefaction behaviors of sands affected by immersion-induced degradation of crushed mudstone

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1799-1812页

作者： Tadao enomoto Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ibaraki University4-12-1Naka-narusawa-choHitachiIbaraki316-8511Japan

A series of undrained triaxial tests was conducted to investigate the effect of crushed mudstone with the immersion-induced degradation on the liquefaction and post-liquefaction properties,and the undrained shearing behavior without precedent cyclic-loading histories of sands containing crushed *** tested materials with a main particle diameter of 2-0.85 mm were prepared by mixing sands and crushed mudstone to reach the prescribed mudstone content defined by dry mass ranging from 0% to 50%.The mixtures were subjected to immersion under a certain stress level and were subsequently *** addition,one-dimensional compression tests were also supplementally performed to visually observe the immersion-induced degradation of crushed *** test results mainly showed that: (1) the liquefaction resistance,the post-liquefaction undrained strength,and the undrained strength without a precedent cyclic-loading history decreased significantly with increasing mudstone content,M c ,up to 20%;(2) even a small amount of crushed mudstone affected these strengths;(3) the above-mentioned large reductions in the strengths were attributed to the immersion-induced degradation of crushed mudstone;(4) at M_(c) >20%,the liquefaction resistance increased while the significant increase in the undrained static strengths with and without precedent cyclic-loading histories was not observed;and (5) the increase in the liquefaction resistance at M_(c) >20% may have been attributed to both the gradual increase in the plasticity and the formation of the soil aggregates among deteriorated crushed mudstone,while the increase in the specimen density did not play an important role in such behavior.

关键词： Liquefaction Post-liquefaction behavior Triaxial test Sands containing crushed mudstone

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Development of coal mine methane concentration technology for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 28-32页

作者： takahisa UTAKI Engineering Department Osaka Gas Co.Ltd.1-2 Hiranomachi 4-chomeChuo-kuOsakaJapan

In coal mines in such countries as China and Russia,most of the coal mine methane(CMM) generated during mining is emitted to the atmosphere without any effective usage,because the methane concentration of CMM is relatively low and not allowed to be used as fuel for safety *** is one of the greenhouse ***,if it becomes possible to concentrate CMM to an acceptable level for use as fuel,this will greatly contribute to reduction of greenhouse gas *** the aim of gaining approval as a greenhouse gas emission reduction of the clean development mechanism(CDM) or joint implementation(JI) project,we developed a CMM concentration system to apply the vacuum pressure swing adsorption(VPSA) technology using a high methane-selective adsorbent by Osaka Gas Co.,*** pilot-scale plant of a CMM concentration system was installed in a coal mine in Fuxin City in the northeastern China and a demonstration test was commenced in December *** the result,the pilot-scale plant successfully concentrated the raw material gas with a methane concentration of 21% and a flow rate of 1000 Nm3/h to 48%,which exceeded the target of the methane concentration performance(a 25% increase).The methane recovery rate reached 93%.

关键词： methane concentration coal mine methane vacuum pressure swing adsorption greenhouse gas emissions

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Safety of laparoscopic surgery in digestive diseases with special reference to antithrombotic therapy: A systematic review of the literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第14期6卷 767-775页

作者： takahisa Fujikawa Kenji ando Department of Surgery Kokura Memoria Hospital Department of Cardiology Kokura Memorial Hospital

AIMTo elucidate the effect of antithrombotic therapy （ATT） on bleeding and thromboembolic complications during or after laparoscopic digestive *** articles or internationally accepted abstracts between 2000 and 2017 were searched from PubMed, Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar, and studies involving laparoscopic digestive surgery and antiplatelet therapy （APT） and/or anticoagulation therapy （ACT） were included after careful review of each study. Data such as study design, type of surgical procedures, antithrombotic drugs used, and surgical outcome （both bleeding and thromboembolic complications） were extracted from each *** published articles and two internationally accepted abstracts were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. Only one study concerning elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with peri-operative heparin bridging for ACT showed that the risk of postoperative bleeding was higher compared with those without ACT. The remaining 14 studies reported no signifcant differences in the incidence of bleeding complications between the ATT group and the group without ATT. The risk of thromboembolic events （TE） associated with laparoscopic digestive surgery in patients receiving ATT was not signifcantly higher than those with no ATT or interrupted *** T et al . Laparoscopic digestive surgery and antithrombotic therapyCONCLUSIONLaparoscopic digestive surgery in ATT-burdened patients for prevention of bleeding and TE showed satisfactory results. The risk of hemorrhagic complication during or after these procedures in patients with continued APT or heparin bridging was not signifcantly higher than in patients with no ATT or interrupted APT.

关键词： Thromboembolic complication Bleeding complication Laparoscopic surgery Anticoagulation therapy Digestive surgery Antithrombotic therapy Antiplatelet therapy

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Safety of pancreatic surgery with special reference to antithrombotic therapy:A systematic review of the literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第23期9卷 6747-6758页

作者： takahisa Fujikawa Shigetoshi Naito Department of Surgery Kokura Memorial HospitalKitakyushu 802-8555Japan

BACKGROUND Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage(PPH)is the most severe type of complication after pancreatic surgery,although the effect of antithrombotic therapy(ATT)on PPH is largely *** safety and efficacy of chemical thromboprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism(VTE)remains *** To elucidate the effect of ATT on *** Published articles between 2013 and 2020 were searched from PubMed and Google Scholar,and after careful reviewing of all studies,studies concerning ATT and pancreatic surgery were *** such as study design,type of surgical procedures,type of antithrombotic drugs,and surgical outcome were extracted from the *** Nineteen published articles with a total of 37863 patients who underwent pancreatic surgery were included in the systematic *** were cohort studies,with only three being prospective in *** studies demonstrated that in patients receiving chronic ATT,which were mostly managed by heparin bridging,the risk of PPH was higher compared with those without ATT,and one study showed that patients with direct-acting oral anticoagulants managed by heparin bridging had significantly higher postoperative bleeding rates than *** remaining six studies reported that pancreatic surgery can be safely performed in patients receiving chronic ATT,even under preoperative aspirin *** chemical thromboprophylaxis for VTE,most studies have shown a potentially high risk of PPH in patients undergoing chemical thromboprophylaxis;however,its effectiveness against VTE has not been statistically demonstrated,particularly among Asian *** Pancreatic surgery in chronically ATT-received patients can be safely performed without an increase in the occurrence of PPH,although the safety and efficacy of chemical thromboprophylaxis for VTE during pancreatic surgery is still *** investigation using reliable studies with good design is required to establish definite pr

关键词： Antithrombotic therapy Pancreatic surgery Perioperative management Antiplatelet therapy Anticoagulation therapy Pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Efficacy of tailored Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility and CYP2C19 genotype

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第21期20卷 6400-6411页

作者： Mitsushige Sugimoto takahisa Furuta First Department of Medicine Hamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsu 431-3192Japan Center for Clinical Research Hamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsu 431-3192Japan

The cure rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy using a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and antimicrobial agents such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole are mainly influenced by bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and the magnitude of the inhibition of acid secretion. Annual cure rates have gradually decreased because of the increased prevalence of H. pylori strains resistant to antimicrobial agents, especially to clarithromycin. Alternative regimens have therefore been developed incorporating different antimicrobial agents. Further, standard PPI therapy (twice-daily dosing) often fails to induce a long-term increase in intragastric pH > 4.0. Increasing the eradication rate requires more frequent and higher doses of PPIs. Therapeutic efficacy related to acid secretion is influenced by genetic factors such as variants of the genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450 2C19, CYP2C19), drug transporters (e.g., multidrug resistance protein-1; ABCB1), and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β). For example, quadruple daily administration of PPI therapy potently inhibits acid secretion within 24 h, irrespective of CYP2C19 genotype. Therefore, tailored H. pylori eradication regimens that address acid secretion and employ optimal antimicrobial agents based on results of antimicrobial agent-susceptibility testing may prove effective in attaining higher eradication rates.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Tailored eradication therapy Proton pomp inhibitor Cytochrome P450 2C19 Clarithromycin

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Hazard Mitigation Planning for Debris flow Based on Numerical Simulation Using Kanako Simulator

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第4期9卷 529-537页

作者： LIU Jinfeng NAKATANI Kana MIZUYAMA takahisa Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Hazards Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChineseAcademy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Department of Erosion Control Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto 6068502Japan

Debris flow often causes enormous loss to life and property,especially on alluvial *** structures such as retention check dams are essential to reduce the *** hazard mitigation evaluation and planning it is of significance to determine the location,size and type of dam and the effects of damage *** present a numerical simulation method using Kanako simulator for hazard mitigation planning of debris flow disaster in Tanjutani Gully,Kyoto City,*** simulations were carried out for three situations:1) the simulations of erosion,deposition,hydrograph changing and inundation when there were no mitigation measures;2) the simulations of check dams in four locations(470 m,810 m,1,210 m and 1,610 m from the upstream end) to identify the best location;3) the simulations of check dams of three types(closed,slit and grid) to analyze their effects on sediment trapping and discharge *** on the simulations,it was concluded that two closed check dams(located at 470 m and 1,610 m from the upstream end) in the channel and a drainage channel on the alluvial fan can reduce the risk on the alluvial fan to an acceptable level.

关键词： Hazard mitigation planning Debrisflow Numerical simulation Kanako Simulator

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