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Impacts of brood parasitism by shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis on the breeding success of a small host, the black-backed water t.rant Fluvicola albiventer

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 539-547页

作者： Lorena Vanesa Sovrano Evelina Jesica Leon Rodrigo Ezequiel Lorenzón Pamela Fernanda Olguin Adolfo Héctor Beltzer Alejandro raúl Giraudo Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Conservacion de tetrapodos Instituto Nacional de Limnologia(INALICONICET-UNL)Paraje El Pozo s/nSanta Fe(3000)Argentina Departamento de Biologia Universidad Autonoma de Entre RiosKm 10.5 RP 11Oro Verde(3100)Entre RiosArgentina Departamento de Biologia Universidad Nacional del LitoralFacultad de Humanidades y CienciasParaje Ei Pozo s/nSanta Fe(3000)Argentina

the shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis parasitizes many species with different life-history traits and has a detrimental effect on the survival of the progeny of the *** response,hosts have developed numerous antiparasitic ***,we examined the effects of brood parasitism by shiny cowbird on the clutch and brood sizes(83 nests)in a small host,the black-backed water t.rant Fluvicola *** also studied whether the death of parasite nestlings was related to the care of the foster parents and whether the host had any antiparasitic defense against the shiny *** results indicate that brood parasitism significantly decreased the host hatching and fledging *** majority of nest failures(57%)were caused by brood *** cowbird parasitism occurred in 52%of nests and the intensity of parasitism was 1.23±0.53 eggs per parasitized *** the total host eggs,54%were *** the incubation stage,20 nests(47%)were abandoned because of egg punctures by shiny cowbirds *** two parasitic fledglings were recorded,while the remaining nestlings either died from starvation(n=12)or predation(n=3).Foster parents abandoned parasitic nestlings between 5 and 10 days *** findings demonstrate that the shiny cowbird has very low rates of fledging success when parasitizing black-backed water ***,parasitism had a high reproductive cost in the black-backed water t.rant because a very low proportion(7%)of the parasitized nests(n=43)were successful.

关键词： brood parasitism host defenses nest desertion shiny cowbird small host.

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伊尔加兹山脉冰缘地貌发育和土壤形成及其气候的影响(土耳其黑海西岸)

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第3期34卷 543-570页

作者： DEDE Volkan DENGIZ Orhan DEMIraG t.raN inci tüRKES Murat SENOL Hüseyin SERIN Soner Department of Geography Ardahan UniversityArdahan75002Türkiye Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Faculty of AgricultureOndokuz Mayıs UniversitySamsun55139Türkiye Department of Geography Faculty of Human and Social SciencesSamsun UniversitySamsun55080Türkiye Center for Climate Change and Policy Studies Boğaziçi Universityİstanbul34342Türkiye Faculty of Agriculture Department of Soil Science and Plant NutritionIsparta University of Applied SciencesIsparta32200Türkiye Institute of Social Sciences İstanbul Universityİstanbul34119Türkiye

the main aims of the current study are to determine the morphological features of the periglacial landforms(non-sorted step,mud circle,stony earth circle,thufur,and congeliturbation)located on the Ilgaz Mountains,examine the physicochemical and mineralogical properties with pedological processes of the soils,and assess of the effects of climatic conditions controlling the development of *** Ilgaz Mountains(2587 m a.s.l.),located in the Western Black Sea Region,within the Anatolian Mountains,are important in terms of periglacial landforms(mud circles,stony earth circles,thufurs,non-sorted steps,non-sorted stripes,congeliturbation deposits,and block currents).the descriptive statistics of 123 periglacial landforms measured by fieldworks were *** distribution of freezing and thawing in the Ilgaz Mountains throughout the year was evaluated,and it was found that freezing takes place between December and March,freezing-thawing takes place in April,May,October and November,and thawing takes place between June and *** to soil properties,organic matter content changes from 1.88%to 12.72%in non-sorted step soils,while it is between 2.03%and 12.24%in stony earth circle *** organic matter is observed to be close to congeliturbation deposits at lower ratios compared to non-sorted steps,stony earth circles and mud *** soil reactions on stony earth circles and non-sorted steps vary between slightly acidic and slightly *** the other hand,soil samples taken from the mud circles are different from those taken from the non-sorted steps and stony earth *** soil reaction is acidic,and pH changes between 4.86 and *** lime content also varies between 2.81%and 32.08%,with an average of 12.02%.the texture properties of soils are dominantly loam and clay loam,as in the non-sorted steps,stony earth circles,and mud *** their mineralogical properties,the XRD study was carried out to determine the primer mineral

关键词： periglacial landforms soil formation climate effect Ilgaz Mountains türkiye

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Embracing different languages and local differences:Coconstructive patient simulation strengthens host countries’clinical training in psychiatry

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 111-118页

作者： Şafak ErayÇamlı Büşra Ece Yavuz Meliha Feyza Gök Idil Yazgan Yanki Yazgan Ayelet Brand-Gothelf Doron Gothelf Doron Amsalem Andrés Martin Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Bursa UludağUniversity Faculty of MedicineBursa 16059 Turkey Yale University School of Medicine New HavenCT 06510United States Güzel Günler Clinic Beşiktaş/İstanbul 34335 Turkey Child Study Center Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States the Feinberg Child Study Center Schneider Children's Medical Center of IsraelTel Aviv UniversityPetach Tikvah 4920235Israel the Child Psychiatry Division Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s HospitalSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerRamat Gan 52561Israel Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNY 10032United States

BACKGROUND Global education in psychiatry is heavily influenced by knowledge from Western,high-income countries,which obscures local voices and *** to adapt a human simulation model to psychiatric education in a context that is specific to local languages and *** We conducted an observational study consisting of six human simulation sessions with standardized patients from two host countries,speaking their native languages,and following an adaptation of the co-constructive patient simulation(CCPS)*** local faculty became increasingly familiar with the CCPS approach,they took on the role of facilitators—in their country’s native *** Fifty-three learners participated:19 child and adolescent psychiatry trainees and 3 faculty members in türkiye(as a group that met online during 3 consecutive months);and 24 trainees and 7 faculty in Israel(divided into 3 groups,in parallel in-person sessions during a single training day).Each of the six cases reflected local realities and clinical challenges,and was associated with specific learning goals identified by each case-writing *** Human simulation has not been fully incorporated into psychiatric education:the creation of immersive clinical experiences and the strengthening of reflective practice are two areas ripe for *** adaptations of CCPS can also strengthen local and regional networks and psychiatric communities of ***,the model can help question and press against hegemonies in psychiatric training that overshadow local expertise.

关键词： Human simulation Standardized patients Medical education Psychiatric education Capacity building Local languages

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Role of gut-liver axis and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第23期30卷 2964-2980页

作者： Jakub Rochoń Piotr Kalinowski Ksenia Szymanek-Majchrzak MichałGrąt Department of General Transplant and Liver SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland Department of Medical Microbiology Medical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-004Poland

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic *** is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and shows increasing prevalence rates in most *** is a progressive disease with the most severe cases presenting as advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis with an increased risk of hepatocellular *** microbiota play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of MAFLD by disrupting the gut-liver *** mechanisms involved in maintaining gut-liver axis homeostasis are *** critical aspect involves preserving an appropriate intestinal barrier permeability and levels of intestinal lumen metabolites to ensure gutliver axis *** increase in intestinal barrier permeability induces metabolic endotoxemia that leads to ***,alt.rations in the absorption of various metabolites can affect liver metabolism and induce liver steatosis and ***-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 ras)are a class of drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes *** are also commonly used to combat obesity and have been proven to be effective in reversing hepatic *** mechanisms reported to be involved in this effect include an improved regulation of glycemia,reduced lipid synthesis,β-oxidation of free fatty acids,and induction of autophagy in hepatic ***,multiple peptide receptor agonists have been introduced and are expected to increase the effectiveness of the treatment.A modulation of gut microbiota has also been observed with the use of these drugs that may contribute to the amelioration of *** review presents the current understanding of the role of the gutliver axis in the development of MAFLD and use of members of the GLP-1 ra family as pleiotropic agents in the treatment of MAFLD.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Metabolic syndrome Obesity Gastrointestinal microbiota Glucagon-like peptide-1 Glucagon-like peptide-2 Bariatric surgery

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Attachment styles and PtSD in adolescents in three Nordic Countries

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2013年第2期3卷 62-69页

作者： t.ra petersen Ask Elklit National Centre for Psychotraumatology University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark

Studies of possible variables influencing development of post.raumatic stress (PtSD) are of great importance in the effort to enhance preventive and interventional methods in the aim to prevail this devastating condition. Despite the vast research in adults, little is still known of adolescents. Although research is scarce, attachment style has been identified to be an influencing factor in adults, and still research in adolescent is almost non-existent. to our knowledge, no prior study has been conducted, looking at the relationship between attachment style, exposure to a broad range of potentially traumatic events, and subsequent PtSD symptoms in a cross cult.ral perspective. this is the aim of the present study. Procedure: Data was collected from questionnaire surveys of 1283 adolescents (mean age 14.1 years). Measures: PtSD was measured with the Harvard trauma Questionnaire-Part IV (HtQ);and attachment style was studied using the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (raAS). Potentially traumatic events were examined using a broad event list of 19 events. Results: Contrary to what was expected, significant cross cult.ral differences were found in the distribution of securely, preoccupied, and dismissive attached. Around half of the Faroese population was securely attached, contrary to the Danish and Icelandic population, where the majority was dismissive attached. Cross cult.ral differences were also found in the distribution of attachment style among those adolescents with PtSD. the majority of the Danish adolescent population with PtSD was dismissive attached;the majority of the Faroese adolescent population with PtSD was securely attached, and in the Icelandic adolescents with PtSD were distributed somewhat even between the four attachment styles. Finally, cross cult.ral differences were identified in which potentially traumatic events had a significant contribution to the variation in PtSD. the results are discussed and clinical recommendations are presented.

关键词： Attachment Post.raumatic Stress Disorder traumatic Events Negative Life Events Gender Adolescents

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Prevalence, Maternal and Perinatal Prognosis of Breech Delivery Compared to that of the Vertex in 242 Cases for 484 Controls at Ségou Hospital in Malti

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1414-1421页

作者： tidiani traoré Famakan Kané Abdoulaye Kassogué Seydou traoré Seydou Z. Dao Balilé Harber Sabré Koné Kassoum Sidibé Brahima Donigolo Babou traoré Adama Coulibaly Abdrhamane Diarisso Alima Sidibé Mamadou Sima Augustin théra Youssouf traoré Ibrahima teguété Niani Mounkoro Ministry of Health in Bamako Nianakoro Fomba Hospital Segou Mali Regional Health Department of Segou District Hospital Bla Mali Regional Health Department of Koutiala Reference Health Center Koutiala Mali Regional Health Department of Bamako Reference Health Center Commune II Bamako Mali Ministry of Health in Bamako Fousseyni Daou Hospital Kayes Mali Ministry of Health in Bamako Point G University Hospital Center Bamako Mali Ministry of Health in Bamako Gabriel Toure University Hospital Center Bamako Mali

Introduction: Breech birth has always been a subject of great interest because of its risks of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Aim: the aim of our study was to compare the maternal and perinatal prognosis of breech delivery with that of vertex delivery. Patients and Method: this was a retrospective case-control analytical study carried out in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of Ségou hospital over a 2-year period from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021, involving 242 breech deliveries compared with 484 top deliveries with a live single foetus without foetal malformation of gestational age ≥ 35 SA. the statistical tests used were: chi² (p Results: the frequency of breech delivery was 3.3%, with a predominance of caesarean section for breech presentation (64.88%) compared with 32.85% for vertex (P: 0.00;CI: (0.191 - 0.367). the perinatal prognosis of fetuses with breech presentations was marked by a higher rate of neonatal asphyxia (Apgar score Conclusion: Breech birth is relatively rare in our department. It carries a higher risk of maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity than breech delivery. However, the vital prognosis for the mother was identical in both groups.

关键词： Delivery Breech Vertex Prognosis Mali

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Hysterectomies for Gynaecological Pathology: 56 Cases at the Segou Regional Hospital in Mali

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1363-1373页

作者： tidiani traoré Famakan Kané Abdoulaye Kassogué Seydou traoré Seydou Z. Dao Balilé Harber Sory Diallo Kassoun Sidibé Brahima Donigolo Babou traoré Adama Coulibaly Abdrahamane Diarisso Alima Sidibé Mamadou Sima Augustin théra Youssouf traoré Ibrahima teguété Niani Mounkoro Ministry of Health in Bamako Nianakoro Fomba Hospital Segou Mali Regional Health Department of Segou District Hospital Bla Mali Regional Health Department of Koutiala Reference Health Center Koutiala Mali Regional Health Department of Bamako Reference Health Center Commune II Bamako Mali Ministry of Health in Bamako Fousseyni Daou Hospital Kayes Mali Ministry of Health in Bamako Point G University Hospital Center Bamako Mali Ministry of Health in Bamako Gabriel Toure University Hospital Center Bamako Mali

Introduction: Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure involving partial or total removal of the uterus. It is the most common gynaecological surgery in the world. Objective: to describe the epidemio-clinical and prognostic aspects of gynaecological hysterectomies. Patients and methods: this was an 18-month retrospective prospective descriptive study with a six-month follow-up period from 1 December 2020 to 31 May 2022 carried out in the gynaecology department of the Segou regional hospital. Results: Fifty-six (56) hysterectomies were performed out of 118 gynaecological surgical procedures (47.45%). the mean age was 47 ± 11.77 years. Large multiparous women were the most common (50%), with an average parity of 4.58. the main indications were uterine fibroids (30.4%), precancerous lesions of the cervix (17.85%) and uterine prolapse (17.85%). the abdominal route was the most commonly used surgical route (82.14%). Hysterectomy was total in 100% of cases and associated with bilat.ral adnexectomy in 48.2% of cases. the intra- and post-operative prognosis was satisfactory in 94.6% of cases. No deaths were recorded. the average length of stay was 3.28 days, irrespective of the surgical approach. three cases of dyspareunia were noted among those who had resumed sexual activity.

关键词： Hysterectomy Gynaecological Pathology Mali

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Biodiversity responses to insular fragmentation in Amazonia: two decades of research in the Balbina Hydroelectric Reservoir

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Zoological Research(Diversity and Conservation) 2024年第2期1卷 106-116页

作者： Ana Filipa Palmeirim Maíra Benchimol Danielle Storck-tonon Anderson S.Bueno Isabel L.Jones Gilmar Klein Carlos A.Peres CIBIO Research Centre of Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesInBIO Associated LabVairão CampusUniversity of PortoVairão 4485-661Portugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairão CampusUniversity of PortoVairão 4485-661Portugal Laboratório de Ecologia AplicadaàConservação Universidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBahia 45662-900Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sistemas de Produção Agrícola(PPGASP) Universidade do Estado de Mato GrossoTangaráda SerraMato Grosso 78301-532Brazil Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia FarroupilhaJúlio de CastilhosRio Grande do Sul 98130-000Brazil Biological and Environmental Sciences University of StirlingStirling FK94LAUK REBIO Uatumã/ICMBio Presidente FigueiredoAmazonas 69736-000Brazil Centre for Ecology Evolution and ConservationSchool of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK JuruáInstitute ManausAmazonas 69057-060Brazil

As hydropower development expands across lowland tropical forests,flooding and concomitant insular fragmentation have become important threats to *** created insular landscapes serve as nat.ral laboratories to investigate biodiversity responses to *** of these most iconic landscapes is the Balbina Hydroelectric Reservoir in Brazilian Amazonia,occupying>400000 ha and comprising>3500 forest ***,we synthesise the current knowledge on responses of a wide range of biological groups to insular fragmentation at *** has largely concentrated on a set of 22 islands and three mainland *** total,39 studies were conducted over nearly two decades,covering 17 vertebrate,invertebrate,and plant *** species responses varied according to taxonomic group,island area was consistently included and played a pivotal role in 66.7%of all studies examining patterns of species *** persistence was further affected by species traits,mostly related to species capacity to use/traverse the aquatic matrix or tolerate habitat degradation,as noted for species of vertebrates and orchid *** research is needed to improve our understanding of such effects on wider ecosystem *** Impact Assessments must account for changes in both the remaining habitat amount and configuration,and subsequent long-term species losses.

关键词： Habitat loss Hydropower dams Landbridge Local extinctions Species-area relationships Species diversity tropical forests

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Phytochemical overview and medicinal importance of Coffea species from the past until now

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Medicine 2016年第12期9卷 1101-1110页

作者： éva Brigitta Patay tímea Bencsik Nóra Papp Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Pécs

Coffea(coffee) species are grown in almost all countries along the Equator. Many members of the genus have a large production history and an important role both in the global market and researches. Seeds(Coffeae semen) are successfully used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its caffeine and high polyphenol content. Nowadays, the three best-known coffee species are Arabic(Coffea arabica L.), Robusta(Coffea robusta L. Linden), and Liberian coffees(Coffea liberica Hier.). Even though, many records are available on coffee in scientific lit.rature, wild coffee species like Bengal coffee(Coffea benghalensis Roxb. Ex Schult.) could offer many new opportunities and challenges for phytochemical and medical studies. In this comprehensive summary, we focused on the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and medical significance of coffee species up to the present.

关键词： Phytochemistry Medicinal importance Caffeine Polyphenols

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Dose-dependent effect of histamine on antibody generation in vivo

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Medicine 2010年第2期3卷 112-116页

作者： tripathi t Shahid M Khan HM Khan ra Siddiqui MU DePartment of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineJawaharlal Nehru Medical College and HospitalAligarh Muslim University Department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineJawaharlal Nehru Medical College and HospitalAligarh Muslim University Department of Pharmacology Faculty of MedicineJawaharlal Nehru Medical College and HospitalAligarh Muslim University Department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineJawaharlal Nehru Medical College and HospitalAligarh Muslim University

Objective:to delineate immunomodulatory role of histamine on antibody generation pr of ile in rabbit in the present dose-dependent histamine ***:the cohort comprised of three groups(Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ),containing six rabbits each,and received subcutaneous histamine 50μg/kg×bis in die(b.i.d.),100μg/kg×*** 200μg/kg X b.i.d.,respectively for 10 days (starting from the 1st day).they were subsequently immunized on the 3rd day with intravenous injection of sheep blood cell(SRBC)(1×10 cells/mL).GroupⅡ(positive control)(n=6) received vehicle(sterile distilled water) and immunized at day 3 similarly while groupⅠ(negative control) (n=6) remained non-immunized and received only *** experimentations were performed in *** samples were collected on pre-immunization(pre-I)(day 0),as well as on days 7-,14-,21-,28- and 58- post-immunization(post-I).Immunological parameters[total immunoglobulins(Igs),IgM and IgG]were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ***:Histamine could influence a detectable antibody response to SRBC as early as day 7-post-I,which lasted until day 58- *** results were found statistically significant(P< 0.05).Conclusions:Our results provide evidence that histamine has a short-term effect on antibody generation(until its presence in the body),and the antibody generation titer in vivo were affected by the concentration of histamine.

关键词： Histamine Immumomodulation t-cell dependent antibody response Humoral immune response SRBC

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