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Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

十一届全国气溶胶会议暨第十届海峡两岸气溶胶技术研讨会

作者：丁爱军符淙斌杨修群孙鉴泞聂玮谢郁宁齐西蒙 E.Herrmann t.pet?j??j? V.-M.Kerminen M.Kulmala 南京大学气候与全球变化研究院/大气科学学院 Dept.of Physics University of Helsinki

南京大学气候与全球变化研究院与芬兰赫尔辛基大学合作于2009年起在南京大学仙林校区建立和发展了地球系统区域过程观测试验基地(SORPES),该基地致力于研究地表物理过程、大气化学-气候相互作用、生态系统-大气相互作用和水文过程及水... 详细信息

南京大学气候与全球变化研究院与芬兰赫尔辛基大学合作于2009年起在南京大学仙林校区建立和发展了地球系统区域过程观测试验基地(SORPES),该基地致力于研究地表物理过程、大气化学-气候相互作用、生态系统-大气相互作用和水文过程及水循环。站点位于南京东郊、长三角西部的下风向区域背景地区,具有很好的区域代表性。通过近2年的连续观测,本研究获得了长三角西部地区臭氧和细颗粒物PM2.5及其相关前体物的季节变化特征,发现了该地区臭氧、细颗粒污染的重要控制因子、天气过程及区域相互影响。本研究还发现在长三角地区高污染环境下也能出现频繁的新粒子生成事件,并提出了区别于国外清洁环境的主要限制因子。研究同时发现该地区不同类型来源的高浓度颗粒物污染会实质性的改变天气乃至区域气候。2012年6.10观测到的秸秆燃烧引起的高浓度气溶胶污染会导致天气预报对气温的严重高估和降水的"误报",多种计算机模型均不能重现该极端污染天气条件下的实际气温和降水分布。秸秆燃烧烟羽与城市及区域人为污染的混合,进而通过复杂的大气边界层-污染-云和辐射的正反馈机制影响大气结构以及降水。基于此,课题组将于2013/14两年在生物质燃烧的多发季节在SOEPES站点进行两期加强观测,针对此问题进行进一步研究。

关键词： SORPES观测基地区域代表性生物质燃烧反馈机制新粒子生成

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel Moreno tuukka pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico Bianchi Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes Agrarian Sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(Ft) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical Ft, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical Ft air from Amazonia. these observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical Ft on a continental scale. thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical Ft.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

towards seamless environmental prediction-development of Pan-Eurasian EXperiment.pet?j?EX)modelling platform

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Big Earth Data 2024年第2期8卷 189-230页

作者： Alexander Mahura Alexander Baklanov Risto Makkonen Michael Boy tuukka petäjä Hanna KLappalainen Roman Nuterman Veli-Matti Kerminen Stephen R.Arnold Markus jochum Anatoly Shvidenko Igor Esau Mikhail Sofiev Andreas Stohl tuula Aalto jianhui Bai Chuchu Chen Yafang Cheng Oxana Drofa Mei Huang Leena järvi Harri Kokkola Rostislav Kouznetsov tingting Li Piero Malguzzi Sarah Monks Mads Bruun Poulsen Steffen M.Noe Yuliia Palamarchuk Benjamin Foreback petri Clusiu till Andreas Soya Rasmussen jun She jens Havskov Sørensen Dominick Spracklen Hang Su juha tonttila Siwen Wang jiandong Wang tobias Wolf-Grosse Yongqiang Yu Qing Zhang Wei Zhang Wen Zhang Xunhua Zheng Siqi Li Yong Li Putian Zhou Markku Kulmala Faculty of Science Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research(INAR)/PhysicsUniversity of Helsinki(UHEL)HelsinkiFinland Science and Innovation Department World Meteorological Organization(WMO)GenevaSwitzerland Niels Bohr Institute University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Climate System Research Finnish Meteorological Institute(CSR-FMI)HelsinkiFinland School of Engineering Sciences Lappeenranta University of TechnologyLappeenrantaFinland Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA)LaxenburgAustria Department of Physics and technology UiT-The Arctic University of NorwayTromsoNorway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center(NERSC) BergenNorway Atmospheric Composition Finnish Meteorological Institute(AC-FMI)HelsinkiFinland Norwegian Institute for Air Research(NILU) KjellerNorway LAGEO Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(IAP-CAS)BeijingChina Max Planck Institute for Chemistry(MPI-Chem) MainzGermany Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate National Research Council of Italy(CNR-15SAC)BolognaItaly Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research(IGSNRR) Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)BeijingChina Faculty of Science Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science(HELSUS)University of Helsinki(UHEL)HelsinkiFinland Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute(ARCEF-FMI)KuopioFinland Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(IAP-CAS)BeijingChina Department of Plant Physiology Estonian University of Life Sciences(EULS)Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences(IAES)TartuEstonia Danish Meteorological Institute(DMI) CopenhagenDenmark State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)BeijingChina Uni

the Pan-Eurasian Experiment Modelling Platform(PEEX-MP)is one of the key blocks of the PEEX Research *** PEEX MP has more than 30 models and is directed towards seamless envir-onmental *** main focus area is the Arctic-boreal regions and *** models used in PEEX-MP cover several main components of the Earth’s system,such as the atmosphere,hydrosphere,pedosphere and biosphere,and resolve the physicalchemicalbiological processes at different spatial and temporal scales and *** paper introduces and discusses PEEX MP multi-scale modelling concept for the Earth system,online integrated,forward/inverse,and socioeconomical modelling,and other approaches with a particular focus on applications in the PEEX geographical *** employed high-performance com-puting facilities,capabilities,and PEEX dataflow for modelling results are *** virtual research platforms(PEEXView,Virtual Research Environment,Web-based Atlas)for handling PEEX modelling and observational results are *** over-all approach allows us to understand better physical-chemicalbiological processes,Earth’s system interactions and feedbacks and to provide valuable information for assessment studies on evaluating risks,impact,consequences,*** population,envir-onment and climate in the PEEX *** work was also one of the last projects of *** Zilitinkevich,who passed away on 15 February *** the finalization took time,the paper was actually submitted in 2023 and we could not argue that the final paper text was agreed with him.

关键词： Multi-scale and-processes modelling concept seamless coupling high-performance computing data infrastructure virtual research platforms

High-performance portable grating-based surface plasmon resonance sensor using a tunable laser at normal incidence

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Photonics Research 2024年第5期12卷 947-958页

作者： DUC LE ANNI RANtA-LASSILA tEEMU SIPOLA MIKKO KARPPINEN jARNO petAjA MINNA KEHUSMAA SANNA AIKIO tIAN-LONG GUO MAttHIEU ROUSSEY jUSSI HILtUNEN ALEXEY POPOV Vtt technical Research Centre of Finland 90570 OuluFinland Department of Physics and Mathematics University of Eastern FinlandFI-80101 JoensuuFinland

Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensors are among the most sensitive *** such devices,a grating is a compelling alternative to a prism for the excitation of a surface plasmon,especially in the development of sensors for point-of-care applications due to their compactness and ***,we demonstrate the use of a tunable laser in a grating-based SPR system for further miniaturization and *** tunable laser working at normal incidence replaces spectral and moving components,while also simplifying the optical *** incidence is conventionally avoided due to the complexity of the control of degenerated SPR *** investigate,both computationally and experimentally,the splitting of the SPR modes at small nonzero incidences,which is lacking in previously reported *** optimizing the grating configuration,we were able to diminish the SPR mode splitting phenomenon when the excitation was feasible with the normal incidence *** fabricated sensor showed a high sensitivity of 1101.6 nm/***,the figure of merit of the sensor,defined as the ratio between the sensitivity and bandwidth of the SPR dip,was *** experimental results were consistent with the simulation *** also demonstrate its capability for detecting low concentrations of glucose and creatinine with the limit of detection of 14.2 and 19.1 mmol/L,respectively.

关键词： tunable splitting excitation

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Atmospheric and ecosystem big data providing key contributions in reaching United Nations’Sustainable Development Goals

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Big Earth Data 2021年第3期5卷 277-305页

作者： Markku Kulmala Anna Lintunen Ilona Ylivinkka janne Mukkala Rosa Rantanen joni Kujansuu tuukka petäjä Hanna K.Lappalainen Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research(INAR)/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiFinland joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Sciences and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology(BUCT)BeijingChina Faculty of Geography Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia tyumen State University Department of CryosphereTyumenRussia fGuangzhou Institute of Geography Guangzhou Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research University of Helsinki Finland Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Big open data comprising comprehensive,long-term atmospheric and ecosystem in-situ observations will give us tools to meet global grand challenges and to contribute towards sustainable *** Nations’Sustainable Development Goals(UN SDGs)provide framework for the *** present synthesis on how Station for Measuring Earth Surface-Atmosphere Relations(SMEAR)observation network can contribute to UN *** describe SMEAR II flagship station in Hyytiälä,*** more than 1200 variables measured in an integrated manner,we can under-stand interactions and feedbacks between biosphere and *** contributes towards understanding impacts of climate change to natural ecosystems and feedbacks from ecosys-tems to *** benefits of SMEAR concept are highlighted through outreach project in Eastern Lapland utilizing SMEAR I observations from Värriöresearch *** contrast to boreal environment,SMEAR concept was also deployed in *** underline the benefits of comprehensive observations to gain novel insights into complex interactions between densely popu-lated urban environment and *** observations enable work towards solving air quality problems and improve the quality of life inside *** network of comprehensive stations with various measurements will enable science-based deci-sion making and support sustainable development by providing long-term view on spatio-temporal trends on atmospheric compo-sition and ecosystem parameters.

关键词： Grand challenges in-situ observations big open data SMEAR concept SDGs

the dark side of cyclooctatetraene(COt):Photophysics in the singlet states of“self-healing”dyes

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第8期35卷 225-228页

作者： Supphachok Chanmungkalakul Syed Ali Abbas Abedi Federico j.Hernández jianwei Xu Xiaogang Liu Fluorescence Research Group Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Department of Chemistry University College LondonLondon WC1H 0AJUnited Kingdom Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment(ISCE2)Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A^(∗)STAR)Jurong Island 627833Singapore

Cyclooctatetraene(COt)attachment to fluorophores(“self-healing”dyes)is known for quenching reac-tive triplet states via triplet-state energy transfer(tEt),enhancing ***,COt’s impact on singlet states remains *** calculations reveal that COt induces energy transfer to dark states in deep blue dyes while promoting photoinduced electron transfer(pet)and intersystem crossing(ISC)in visible dyes,potentially compromising brightness and/or *** address this,we pro-pose the use of △E descriptor to optimize COt’s *** findings uncover COt’s multifaceted *** insights will guide the development of superior triplet state quenchers and photostable dyes.

关键词： Cyclooctatetraene Photostability triplet state quencher Energy transfer Electron transfer

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the impact of the atmospheric turbulence-development tendency on new particle formation: a common finding on three continents

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National Science Review 2021年第3期8卷 140-150页

作者： Hao Wu Zhanqing Li Hanqing Li Kun Luo Yuying Wang Peng Yan Fei Hu Fang Zhang Yele Sun Dongjie Shang Chunsheng Liang Dongmei Zhang jing Wei tong Wu Xiaoai jin Xinxin Fan Maureen Cribb Marc L.Fischer Markku Kulmala tuukka pet?j? State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal University ESSIC and Department of Atmospheric Science University of MarylandCollege Park State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological Administration State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University State Key joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Helsinki Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University

A new mechanism of new particle formation(NPF) is investigated using comprehensive measurements of aerosol physicochemical quantities and meteorological variables made in three continents,including Beijing,China;the Southern Great Plains site in the USA;and SMEAR Ⅱ Station in Hyytiala,Finland.D espite the considerably different emissions of chemical species among the sites,a common relationship was found between the characteristics of NPF and the stability *** stability parameter(ζ=Z/L,where Z is the height above ground and L is the Monin-Obukhov length) is found to play an important role;it drops significantly before NPF as the atmosphere becomes more unstable,which may serve as an indicator of nucleation *** the atmosphere becomes unstable,the NPF duration is closely related to the tendency for turbulence development,which influences the evolution of the condensation ***,the unstable atmosphere may dilute pre-existing particles,effectively reducing the condensation sink,especially at coarse mode to foster *** new mechanism is confirmed by model simulations using a molecular dynamic model that mimics the impact of turbulence development on nucleation by inducing and intensifying homogeneous nucleation events.

关键词： new particle formation turbulence development molecular dynamic

Contrasting trends of PM2.5 and surface-ozone concentrations in China from 2013 to 2017

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National Science Review 2020年第8期7卷 1331-1339页

作者： Yonghong Wang Wenkang Gao Shuai Wang tao Song Zhengyu Gong Dongsheng ji Lili Wang Zirui Liu Guiqian tang Yanfeng Huo Shili tian jiayun Li Mingge Li Yuan Yang Biwu Chu tuukka pet?j? Veli-Matti Kerminen Hong He jiming Hao Markku Kulmala Yuesi Wang Yuanhang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research University of Helsinki China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC) Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences State Key joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University State Key joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University

Although much attention has been paid to investigating and controlling air pollution in China, the trends of air-pollutant concentrations on a national scale have remained unclear. Here, we quantitatively investigated the variation of air pollutants in China using long-term comprehensive data sets from 2013 to 2017, during which Chinese government made major efforts to reduce anthropogenic emission in polluted regions. Our results show a significant decreasing trend in the PM2.5concentration in heavily polluted regions of eastern China, with an annual decrease of ～7% compared with measurements in 2013. the measured decreased concentrations of SO2, NO2and CO（a proxy for anthropogenic volatile organic compounds） could explain a large fraction of the decreased PM2.5concentrations in different regions. As a consequence, the heavily polluted days decreased significantly in corresponding regions. Concentrations of organic aerosol,nitrate, sulfate, ammonium and chloride measured in urban Beijing revealed a remarkable reduction from 2013 to 2017, connecting the decreases in aerosol precursors with corresponding chemical components closely. However, surface-ozone concentrations showed increasing trends in most urban stations from 2013 to 2017, which indicates stronger photochemical pollution. the boundary-layer height in capital cities of eastern China showed no significant trends over the Beijing–tianjin–Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions from 2013 to 2017, which confirmed the reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Our results demonstrated that the Chinese government was successful in the reduction of particulate matter in urban areas from 2013 to 2017, although the ozone concentration has increased significantly, suggesting a more complex mechanism of improving Chinese air quality in the future.

关键词： air pollution clean-air action particulate matter surface ozone China chemical composition

Research agenda for the Russian Far East and utilization of multiplatform comprehensive environmental observations

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International journal of Digital Earth 2021年第3期14卷 311-337页

作者： tuukka petäjä Kirill S.Ganzei Hanna K.Lappalainen Ksenia tabakova Risto Makkonen jouni Räisänen Sergey Chalov Markku Kulmala Sergej Zilitinkevich petr Ya Baklanov Renat B.Shakirov Natalia V.Mishina Evgeny G.Egidarev Igor I.Kondrat’ev Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Department of Cryosphere Tyumen State University TyumenRussia Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences VladivostokRussia Finnish Meteorological Institute HelsinkiFinland Faculty of Geography Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia V.I.Ilyichov Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences VladivostokRussia

the Russian Far East is a region between China and the Russian Arctic with a diverse climatological,geophysical,oceanic,and economical *** southern region is located in the Far East monsoon sector,while the northern parts are affected by the Arctic Ocean and cold air masses penetrating far to the *** economic activities and traffic connected to the China Belt and Road Initiative together with climate change are placing an increased pressure upon the Russian Far East *** is an urgent need to improve the capacity to measure the atmospheric and environmental pollution and analyze their sources and to quantify the relative roles of local and transported pollution emissions in the *** the paper,we characterize the current environmental and socio-economical landscape of the Russian Far East and summarize the future climate scenarios and identify the key regional research *** discuss the research infrastructure concept,which is needed to answer the identified research *** integrated observations,filling in the critical observational gap at the Northern Eurasian context,are required to provide state-of-the-art observations and enable follow-up procedures that support local,regional,and global decision making in the environmental context.

关键词： Russian Far East greenhouse gases aerosol particles insitu observations Earth observation data