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Biochar amendments and its impact on soil biota for sustainable agriculture

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Biochar 2020年第3期2卷 287-305页

作者： Abhijeet Pathy Jyotiprakash Ray balasubramanian Paramasivan Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Group Department of Biotechnology and Medical EngineeringNational Institute of Technology RourkelaOdisha 769008India

Beneficial microbes in soil biota are known to enhance plant growth by stimulating the nutrient supply and by devising certain mechanisms to cope up with the biotic(diseases)or abiotic(salinity,drought,and pollution)*** to their effectiveness and sustainability concerns,the application of microbes in the agricultural sector has seen a positive surge *** has been commended as an exemplary carrier material for beneficial microbes in the soil *** is generally produced from the waste biomasses,which not only resolve the management crisis of agricultural wastes but also render many benefits such as enhancement of soil properties,alteration of nutritional dynamics,removal of pollutants,and in the stimulation of beneficial microbial diversity in *** strategic application of biochar in agricultural land could help provide agronomic,economic,and environmental *** certain risks are associated with the application of biochar,attention needs to be paid while preferring for soil *** present review focused on highlighting the role of microbes in plant *** influence of biochar on soil biota along with its detailed mechanisms was discussed further to delineate the scope of biochar in soil ***,the risks associated with the biochar amendments and the future perspectives in this research arena were highlighted.

关键词： Biochar sustainable agriculture soil biota Microbes Plant growth Microbial interaction

Application of remote sensing and GIs analysis for identifying groundwater potential zone in parts of Kodaikanal taluk, south India

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Frontiers of Earth science 2013年第1期7卷 65-75页

作者： Murugesan BAGYARAJ thirunavukkarasu RAMKUMAR senapathi VENKAtRAMANAN balasubramanian GURUGNANAM Department of Earth sciences Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar 608002 India Department of Geology Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed University Gandhigarm 624302 India

Groundwater potential zones were demarcated with the help of remote sensing and Geographic Informa- tion system （GIs） techniques. the study area is composed rocks of Archaean age and chamockite dominated over others. the parameters considered for identifying the groundwater potential zone of geology slope, drainage density, geomorphic units and lineament density were generated using the resource sat （IRs P6 LIss IV MX） data and survey of India （sO1） toposheets of scale 1：50000 and integrated them with an inverse distance weighted （IDW） model based on GIs data to identify the ground- water potential of the study area. suitable weightage factors were assigned for each category of these para- meters. For the various geomorphic units, weightage factors were assigned based on their capability to store ground-water. this procedure was repeated for all the other layers and resultant layers were reclassified. the reclassi- fied layers were then combined to demarcate zones as very good, good, moderate, low, and poor. this groundwater potentiality information could be used for effective identification of suitable locations for extraction of potable water for rural populations.

关键词： remote sensing GIs slope geomorphic lineament Kodaikanal

Ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of chalcogenide perovskite CaZrse_(3) contributes to high thermoelectric figure of merit

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 117-123页

作者： Eric Osei-Agyemang Challen Enninful Adu Ganesh balasubramanian Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Lehigh University19 Memorial Drive WestBethlehemPA 18015USA

An emerging chalcogenide perovskite,CaZrse_(3),holds promise for energy conversion applications given its notable optical and electrical ***,knowledge of its thermal properties is extremely important,*** potential thermoelectric applications,and has not been previously reported in *** this work,we examine and explain the lattice thermal transport mechanisms in CaZrse_(3) using density functional theory and Boltzmann transport *** find the mean relaxation time to be extremely short corroborating an enhanced phonon-phonon scattering that annihilates phonon modes,and lowers thermal *** addition,strong anharmonicity in the perovskite crystal represented by the Grüneisen parameter predictions.

关键词： properties. perovskite phonon

Evaluation of Zero and sub-zero temperature tensile and Impact Properties of Quenched and tempered steel Weldments

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2016年第11期23卷 1177-1187页

作者： M.BALAKRIsHNAN V.balasubramanian M.A.MUtHU MANICKAM Department of Mechanical Engineering M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering(Autonomous)ThalavapalayamKarur 639113Tamil NaduIndia Center for Materials Joining&Research(CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagar 608002Tamil NaduIndia Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment(CVRDE) AvadiChennai 600054Tamil NaduIndia

Combat vehicles using armour grade quenched and tempered （Q＆t） steel are needed to be operated under different climatic conditions. However, the properties meeting the room temperature test conditions may not neces-sarily be required to meet the low temperature operating conditions. the influences of shielded metal arc welding （sMAW） process, flux cored arc welding （FCAW） processes and test temperatures below room temperature up to 60℃ on tensile and impact toughness properties of armour grade Q＆t steel welds were reported. the tensile and impact properties of the joints showed incremental trend with respect to the decrement in test temperature up to -40℃ irrespective of the welding processes used. the increment in tensile and impact properties of sMAW and FCAW joints subjected to the low temperature environment is due to plastic strain-induced phase transformation of retained austenite into martensite phase. Among the two processes, sMAW process welded joint showed better tensile and impact properties than its FCAW counterpart joints.

关键词： shielded metal arc welding flux cored arc welding low temperature property microstrncture: hardness

Feasibility of surface-coated friction stir welding tools to join AIsI 304grade austenitic stainless steel

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2014年第4期10卷 360-370页

作者： A.K.LAKsHMINARAYANAN C.s.RAMACHANDRAN V.balasubramanian Department of Mechanical Engineering SSN College of Engineering Kalavakkam 603 110 Chennai Tamil Nadu India Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar608 002Tamil Nadu India

An attempt is made to develop the tools that are capable enough to withstand the shear, impact and thermal forces that occur during friction stir welding of stainless steels. the atmospheric plasma spray and plasma transferred arc hardfacing processes are employed to deposit refractory ceramic based composite coatings on the Inconel 738 alloy. Five different combinations of self-fluxing alloy powder and 60% ceramic reinforcement particulate mixtures are used for coating. the best friction stir welding tool selected based on tool wear analysis is used to fabricate the austenitic stainless steel joints.

关键词：摩擦搅拌焊接 304不锈钢奥氏体不锈钢焊接工具 AIsI 表面涂层大气等离子喷涂自熔性合金粉末

An alternative treatment process for upgrade of petroleum refinery wastewater using electrocoagulation

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Petroleum science 2013年第3期10卷 421-430页

作者： Dhorgham skban Ibrahim Mohan Lathalakshmi Appusamy Muthukrishnaraj Natesan balasubramanian Department of Chemical Engineering AC Tech Campus Anna UniversityChennai 600025 India Department of Petroleum Engineering College of Engineering University of BaghdadIraq

An electrocoagulation treatment process was developed for treatment and upgrade of petroleum refinery effluent （wastewater）, instead of the conventional methods, which can consume higher amounts of chemicals and produce larger amounts of sludge. the effect of the operation parameters, such as current density, initial pH, anode material, anode dissolution, energy consumption and electrolysis time, on treatment efficiency was investigated. the experimental results showed that the effluent can be effectively treated under optimal conditions. Fourier transform infrared （FtIR） analysis of the effluent, and scanning electron microscopy （sEM） coupled with energy dispersive analysis of X-rays （EDAX） of the sludge produced, revealed that the unwanted pollutants can be eliminated. the electrocoagulation treatment process was assessed by using the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total suspended solids （tss）, and the general physicochemical characteristics of wastewater, and the results showed that the electrocoagulation is an efficient process for recycling of petroleum wastewater; it is faster and provides better quality of treated water than the conventional methods.

关键词： COD/tss reduction electrocoagulation petroleum refinery effluent recycle sludge analysis.

In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of Indigofera cassioides ***. DC.

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Medicine 2011年第5期4卷 379-385页

作者： Raju senthil Kumar balasubramanian Rajkapoor Perumal Perumal Natural Products Laboratory Swamy Vivekanandha College of PharmacyTiruchengoduTamilnaduIndia Department of Pharmacology Dayanandha Sagar College of PharmacyBangaloreIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry JKK Nataraja College of PharmacyKomarapalayamTamilnaduIndia

Objective:to evaluate the antitumor,cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera cassioides(MEIC) against transplantable tumors and human cancer cell ***:MEIC was investigated for its short term cytotoxicity on EAC and DLA cells by trypan blue dye exclusion method and in vitro cytotoxicity on HeLa,HEp-2,HEpG-2,MCF-7, Ht-29,Vero and NIH 3t3 cells by Mtt *** vivo antitumor activity was studied on EAC and DLA tumor bearing *** was assessed by monitoring the mean survival time,effect on hematological parameters,antioxidant enzyme levels and solid tumor ***:MEIC exhibit potent in vitro cytotoxicity against all the tested cancer cell lines,but it was found to be safe on normal *** extract significantly(P<0.001) increase the mean survival time and also have a protective effect on the hemopoietic system at the tested dose levels(200 and 400 mg/kg). the extract prevented lipid peroxidation and restored the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase in the liver of tumor control *** also significandy(P<0.01) reduce the solid tumor ***:the results strongly support that MEIC shows potent antitumor and cytotoxic effects against EAC,DLA and human cancer cell *** extract prevents lipid peroxidation and promotes the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in tumor bearing animals which might be due to activities like scavenging of free radicals by the phytochemicals in MEIC.

关键词： Indigofera cassioides Cytotoxicity Antitumor Antioxidant Mean survival time Hematological parameters solid tumor volume

Anti-dermatophytic activity of marine sponge,sigmadocia carnosa(Dendy)on clinically isolated fungi

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Biomedicine 2012年第8期2卷 635-639页

作者： NB Dhayanithi tt Ajith Kumar M Kalaiselvam t balasubramanian N sivakumar Centre of Advanced study in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine SciencesAnnamalai University Department of Molecular Microbiology School of BiotechnologyMadurai Kamaraj University

Objective:to screen the anti-fungal effects and find out the active metabolites from sponge, sigmadocia carnosa(***) against four dermatophytic ***:the methanol,ethyl acetate and acetone extract of marine sponge,*** was examined against trichaphyton mentagrophytes(***),trichophyton rubrum(***),Epidermophyton floccosum(***) and Microsporum gypseum(***) and qualitative analysed to find out the active ***:the methanol extract of sponge was expressed significant activity than ethyl acetate and *** minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of methanol extract of sponge that resulted in complete growth inhibition of ***,***, *** and *** were found to 125,250,250 and 250 μg/mL ***, 100%inhibition of fungal spore germination was observed in *** at 500 μg/mL concentration followed by ***,*** and *** at 1000 μg/mL concentration. Other two extracts showed weak anti spore germination activity against the tested dermatophyte *** extracts showed presence of terpenoids,steroids,alkaloids,saponins and ***:Based on the literature,this is the first study which has conducted to inhibit the growth and spore germination of dermatophytic fungi with *** research also needs to purify and characterize the secondary metabolites from the sponge,*** for the valuable source of novel substances for future drug discovery.

关键词： Dermatophytic fungi sigmadocia Carnosa Anti-fungal activity spore germination assay Qualitative analysis of Active compounds

Fatigue life prediction of gas metal arc welded crucifrom joints of AA7075 aluminium alloy failing from root region

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transactions of Nonferrous Metals society of China 2011年第6期21卷 1210-1217页

作者： B. RAVINDRA t. sENtHIL KUMAR V. balasubramanian Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology Near Jnana Bharathi Campus Department of Mechanical Engineering Anna University-Tiruchirappalli Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University

Empirical relationship was developed to predict the fatigue life of gas metal arc welded （GMAW） cruciform joints failing from root region. High strength, age hardenable aluminium alloy of AA7075-t6 grade was used as the base material. the design of experiments concept was used to optimize the required number of fatigue testing experiments. Fatigue experiment was conducted in a servo hydraulic controlled fatigue testing machine under constant amplitude loading. the empirical relationship was developed. By using the developed empirical relationship, the fatigue life of GMAW cruciform joints failing from root region was predicted at 95% confidence level. the effect of cruciform joint dimensions on fatigue life was discussed in detail.

关键词： aluminium alloy gas metal arc welding cruciform joint fatigue life