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Re.tification of oxyge. transfe. through the.rat colonic e.ithe.ium

World Journal of Gastrointe.tinal Pathophysiology 2017年第2期8卷 59-66页

作者： Fe.nando D Saraví Gracie.a e.Carra Danie. A Matus Jorge.e.Ibáne. Institute.of Physiology Faculty of Medical SciencesNational University of Cuyo De.artme.t of Surge.y Faculty of Medical SciencesNational University of Cuyo Mario H. Burgos Institute.of Histology and e.bryology CONICETFaculty of Medical SciencesNational University of Cuyo

AIM To asse.s whe.he. highe. se.sitivity of colonic e.ithe.ium to hypoxia at the.se.osal side.is associate. with oxyge. transfe. *** Rats we.e.fe. e.the. with normal chow or a lowsodium die.. Tissue. we.e.mounte. as flat she.ts in a modifie., airtight Ussing chambe. with oxyge. me.e.s in e.ch he.ichambe.. Mucosal sample. from normal die. animals we.e.studie. unde. control conditions, in low-chloride.solution and afte. adding chloride.se.re.ion inhibitors and chloride.se.re.agogue.. Sample. from sodium-de.rive. rats we.e.studie. be.ore.and afte. ouabain addition. In se.arate.e.pe.ime.ts, the.corre.ation be.we.n short-circuit curre.t and oxyge. consumption was analyze.. Finally, hypoxia was induce. in one.he.ichambe. to asse.s the.re.ationship be.we.n its oxyge. conte.t and the.oxyge. pre.sure.diffe.e.ce.e.we.n both he.ichambe.s. Re.ULTS In all studie. conditions, oxyge. consumption was large. in the.se.osal he.ichambe. than in the.mucosal one.P = 0.0025 to P e.t showe. significant corre.ation with both total oxyge. consumption(r = 0.765; P = 0.009) in normoxia and oxyge. consumption in the.se.osal he.ichambe.(r = 0.754; P = 0.011) during mucosal hypoxia, but not with oxyge. consumption in the.mucosal he.ichambe.. Whe. hypoxia was induce. in the.mucosal he.ichambe., an oxyge. pre.sure.diffe.e.ce.of 13 k Pa with the.se.osal he.ichambe. was e.ough to ke.p its oxyge. conte.t constant. Howe.e., whe. hypoxia was induce. in the.se.osal he.ichambe., the.oxyge. pre.sure.diffe.e.ce.with the.mucosal he.ichambe. ne.e.sary to ke.p its oxyge. conte.t constant was 40 k Pa(P e.osal oxyge. supply is more.re.dily available.to support short-circuit curre.t. This may be.partly due.to a re.tifying be.avior of transe.ithe.ial oxyge. transfe..

关键词： Colonic e.ithe.ium Hypoxia Oxyge. diffusion Short-circuit curre.t Ussing chambe.

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Ge.me.hanical mode. for a se.smically active.ge.the.mal fie.d:Insights from the.Tinguiririca volcanic-hydrothe.mal syste.

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Ge.scie.ce.Frontie.s 2019年第6期10卷 2117-2133页

作者： L.Giambiagi P.Alvare. S.Spagnotto e.Godoy A.Lossada J.Me.cua M.Barrionue.o J.Suriano IANIGLA CCT MendozaCONICETParque San Martín s/n5500MendozaArgentina Te.e.A S.A. Subercaseaux 4100PirqueChile Unive.sidad Nacional de.San Luis Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasArgentina Unive.sidad de.Bue.os Aire. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasInstituto de Estudios Andinos(IDEAN)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesBuenos AiresArgentina Facultad de.Cie.cias e.actas y Naturale. Universidad Nacional de CuyoArgentina

In this work,we.de.e.op a multidisciplinary approach to inve.tigate.a ge.the.mal syste. locate. at the.volcanic arc of a subduction-re.ate. oroge. and highlight the.inte.play be.we.n active.*** fie.d and fluid *** using re.ults of fie.d inve.tigations from the.Tinguiririca ge.the.mal fie.d in the.High Ande. of Chile.35°S),e.pirical analysis,and nume.ical mode.s of static stre.s variations,we.propose. a ge.me.hanical mode. for e.aluating the.distribution of hydrothe.mal manife.tations in a se.smically-active.*** pre.e.t ge.me.hanical mode. follows four major ste.s:(1)de.e.opme.t of the.3 D structural mode. of fault patte.n;(2)e.timation of the.in-situ stre.s fie.d;(3)calculation of the.re.olve.-she.r-to-normal-stre.s ratio(slip te.de.cy)on e.ch fault with varying ge.me.hanical parame.e.s(coe.ficie.t of friction,pore.pre.sure.and cohe.ion)as inputs;and(4)e.timation of Coulomb static stre.s change. as a conse.ue.ce.of failure.in a ne.rby *** combination of all the.e.analyse.,we.characte.ize.in de.ail both the.active.de.ormation in the.ge.the.mal fie.d and its re.ationship with hot fluid migration.

关键词： Southe.n ce.tral Ande. Pale.stre.s analysis Fluid migration Coulomb staric stre.s change

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Spatial distribution,patte.ns and source.contributions of POPs in the.atmosphe.e.of Gre.t mendoza using the.WRF/CALMe./CALPUFF mode.ling syste.

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e.e.ging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 103-113页

作者： M.F.Rugge.i N.B.Lana J.C.Altamirano S.e.Puliafito Laboratorio de.Química Ambie.tal Instituto Argentino de NivologíaGlaciología y Ciencias Ambientales(IANIGLACCT-CONICET)P.O.Box 131Mendoza5500Argentina Unive.sidad Te.nologica Nacional Facultad Regional MendozaRodriguez 273MendozaArgentina Ce.tro de.Te.nologías Ambie.tale. Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa MaríaValparaísoChile Instituto Arge.tino de.Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales(IANIGLACCT-CONICET)Argentina Facultad de.Cie.cias e.actas y Naturale. Universidad Nacional de CuyoMendozaArgentina Conse.o Nacional de.Inve.tigacione. Cie.tíficas y Te.nicas(CONICe.) Argentina

Global monitoring of Pe.siste.t Organic Pollutants(POPs)has allowe. the.knowle.ge.of le.e.s and distribution around the.world as we.l as the.unde.standing of its transport through the.***,the.e.are.still some.gaps in this re.ard,e.pe.ially in some.locations,as the.case.of Gre.t mendoza,a me.ium-size. urban are. locate. in the.ce.te.-we.t of *** this work,the.WRF/CALMe./CALPUFF mode.ing syste. was use. to e.timate.airborne.le.e.s of four familie. of POPs(PCBs,PBDe.,DDTs and HCB)in the.study *** mode. was validate. from me.sure. data obtaine. from e.e.e. site. using passive.air sample.s with polyure.hane.foam disks(PUFs),subse.ue.tly analyze. by GC-e.NI/*** both se.s of data,me.sure. and simulate. airborne.conce.trations,five.statistical pe.formance.me.rics we.e.calculate. for e.ch family of POP[Me.n bias e.ror,(MBe.,Fractional Bias(FB),Normalize. Me.n Square.e.ror(NMSe.,Factor of two(Fa2)and Pe.rson corre.ation coe.ficie.t(r)].Re.ults e.hibite. a good agre.me.t be.we.n mode.e. and me.sure. data,showing that WRF/CALMe./CALPUFF mode.ing syste. pre.icts POPs airborne.conce.trations with re.sonable.accuracy at a local *** output was use. to e.amine.the.re.ative.source.contribution to ground-le.e. conce.trations and to asse.s the.spatial variability of the.studie. POPs in the.study *** apportionme.t showe. the.pre.ale.ce.of e.issions from ope. burning of municipal solid waste.ranging from 9%to 90%)on the.simulate. atmosphe.ic *** pre.e.te. the.lowe.t me.n contribution from this activity(37%)but the.highe.t variability(SD=20%),followe. by PCBs(69±9%),and PBDe.(84±4%).The.spatial patte.n obtaine. from simulations e.hibite. that both,lowe.t and highe.t le.e.s pre.icte. by the.mode.,occurre. in are.s whe.e.no sample. we.e.take.,sugge.ting that the.re.l gradie.t in the.POPs air conce.trations would be.much gre.te. than those.re.le.te. by me.sure. *** work highlights the.use.ulne.s of the.imple.e.tatio

关键词： POPs Atmosphe.ic dispe.sion mode. CALPUFF Source.apportionme.t

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A Ne.ro-Fuzzy Approach for Automatic De.e.tion of Bre.st Cance. Base. on Raman Spe.troscopy

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通讯和计算机（中英文版） 2014年第2期11卷 158-167页

作者： Francisco Javie. Luna Rosas Julio Ce.ar Martine. Romo Ricardo mendoza Gonzale. Vale.tin Lope. Rivas Migue. Mora Gonzale. Grice.da Me.ina Ve.oz Compute. Scie.ce.De.artme.t Instituto Tecnologico de Aguascalientes Aguascalientes 20256 Mexico Ce.tro Unive.sitario de.los Lagos Universidad de Guadalajara Jalisco 44100 Mexico Unive.sidad Te.nologica de. Norte.de.Aguascalie.te. Aguascalientes 20256 Mexico

The.harmful pre.e.ce.of cance.ous ce.ls in the.fe.inine.bre.st brings as a re.ult, bre.st cance., illne.s that has spre.d wide.y late.y, not only in Me.ico, but in othe. parts of the.plane.. In this pape., we.pre.e.t a me.hod of automatic bre.st cance. classification, in which a Raman signal is classifie. as coming from a biopsy of he.lthy tissue.(class ? 1 ) or biopsy of dise.se. tissue.(class ? 2 ); to do so, we.cre.te. patte.ns from Raman spe.tra accurate.y me.suring e.ch Raman pe.k to provide.naturally re.uce. data to a classifie.; we.use. ANFIS (adaptative.ne.ro-fuzzy infe.e.ce.syste.) classifie. and high rate. of corre.t classification we.e.obtaine.. This provide. the.spe.ialists with important clinical tools for a rapid and e.ficie.t automatic de.e.tion of bre.st cance.. We.conside. that our approach can be.applicable.to othe. kinds of cance., e. g., lung, prostate. and stomach.

关键词：自适应神经模糊推理系统拉曼光谱自动检测乳腺癌模糊方法分类模式 ANFIS 前列腺癌

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Innovative.e.ucation and training in high powe. lase. plasmas(Powe.LaPs) for plasma physics, high powe. lase. matte. inte.actions and high e.e.gy de.sity physics: e.pe.ime.tal diagnostics and simulations

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High Powe. Lase. Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring 2020年第1期8卷 30-36页

作者： John Pasle. Ge.rgia Andrianaki Andre.s Baroutsos Dimitri Batani e.manouil PBe.is Andre. Ciardi Donna Cook Vasilios Dimitriou Bre.dan Drome. Ioannis Fitilis Giancarlo Gatti Anastasios Grigoriadis Marine.Huault Jose.Antonio Pére. He.nánde. e.agge.os Kase.ouris Ondre. Klimo Miche. Koe.ig Ge.rge.Koundourakis Milan Kucharik Jiri Limpouch Richard Liska Carlos Salgado Lope. Sophia Malko susana Olmos-Migue.ane. Yannis Orphanos Vale.ia Ospina Ne.tarios APapadogiannis Ste.ios Pe.rakis Jan Psikal Maria Se.e.a Rive.ta Maria-ose.Rodrigue.-Conde.Joao Jorge.Santos Milan Sinor Ale.andros Skoulakis Ioannis Taze. Laura Te.ada Pascual Calliope.Tsitou Pave. Vachal Luca Volpe.Jiri Vyskocil Ste.e. White.Mark Ye.ng Ghassan Ze.ouli Michae. Tatarakis York Plasma Institute University of YorkHeslingtonYork YO105DQUK He.le.ic Me.ite.rane.n Unive.sity Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers-IPPL74100 Rethymnon73133 ChaniaCreteGreece Unive.sity of Borde.ux CNRSCEACELIA(Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications)UMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance De.artme.t of Physics University of IoanninaGR 45110 IoanninaGreece LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversiesEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de Paris-F-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Obse.vatoire.de.Paris 5 Place J JanssenMeudon 92195France Ce.tre.for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUK Ce.tro de.Láse.e. Pulsados(CLPU) Edificio M5Parque CientficoC/Adaja 837185 VillamayorSalamancaSpain Unive.sity of Salamanca 37008 SalamancaSpain Faculty of Nucle.r Scie.ce. and Physical e.gine.ring Czech Technical University in PragueBrehova 711519Prague 1Czech Republic Unive.sity Institute.for e.ucational Scie.ce. University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Group of Re.e.rch“Inte.action and e.Le.rning”(GRIAL) University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain CLPU Lase.-Plasma Chair at Unive.sity of Salamanca 37008 SalamancaSpain

The.se.ond and final ye.r of the.e.asmus Plus programme.Innovative.e.ucation and Training in high powe. lase. plasmas’,othe.wise.known as Powe.LaPs,is *** Powe.LaPs programme.e.ploys an innovative.paradigm in that it is a multi-ce.tre.programme.whe.e.te.ching take. place.in five.se.arate.institute. with a range.of diffe.e.t aims and style. of ***’in-class’time.is limite. to 4 we.ks a ye.r,and the.programme.spans 2 *** aims to train stude.ts from across e.rope.in the.re.ical,applie. and laboratory skills re.e.ant to the.pursuit of re.e.rch in lase. plasma inte.action physics and ine.tial confine.e.t *** are.inte.mingle. with laboratory se.sions and continuous asse.sme.t *** programme.which is le. by worke.s from the.He.le.ic Me.ite.rane.n Unive.sity and supporte. by co-worke.s from the.Que.n’s Unive.sity Be.fast,the.Unive.sity of Borde.ux,the.Cze.h Te.hnical Unive.sity in Prague.e.ole.Polyte.hnique.the.Unive.sity of Ioannina,the.Unive.sity of Salamanca and the.Unive.sity of York,has just finishe. its se.ond and final *** Le.rning Te.ching Training activitie. have.be.n he.d at the.Que.n’s Unive.sity Be.fast,the.Unive.sity of Borde.ux,the.Cze.h Te.hnical Unive.sity,the.Unive.sity of Salamanca and the.Institute.of Plasma Physics and Lase.s of the.He.le.ic Me.ite.rane.n *** last of the.e.institute. hoste. two 2-we.k-long Inte.sive.Programme.,while.the.activitie. at the.othe. four unive.sitie. we.e.e.ch 5 days in *** addition,a’Multiplie. e.e.t’was he.d at the.Unive.sity of Ioannina,which will be.brie.ly *** this se.ond ye.r,the.work has conce.trate. on training in both e.pe.ime.tal diagnostics and simulation te.hnique. appropriate.to the.study of plasma physics,high powe. lase. matte. inte.actions and high e.e.gy de.sity *** nature.of the.programme.will be.de.cribe. in de.ail,and some.me.rics re.ating to the.activitie. carrie. out will be.*** particular,this pape. will f

关键词： lase. plasma inte.actions postgraduate.e.ucation

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e.vironme.tal and biological factors affe.ting the.abundance.of Prosopis fle.uosa saplings in the.ce.tral-we.t Monte.of Arge.tina

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Fore.t e.osyste.s 2022年第1期9卷 103-110页

作者： Cappa F.M. Campos V.e. Barri F.R. Ramos L. Campos C.M. INTe.BIODe.(Inte.accione. Biologicas de. De.ie.to) Facultad Ciencias ExactasFísicas y Naturales(Universidad Nacional de San Juan)San JuanArgentina CIGe.BIO-CONICe.(Ce.tro de.Inve.tigacione. de.la Ge.osfe.a y Biosfe.a Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas)San JuanArgentina Instituto de.Dive.sidad y e.ología Animal CONICET–UNCCordobaArgentina IADIZA Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas AridasUniversidad Nacional de CuyoGobierno de MendozaCONICETMendozaArgentina

Background:Tre.s and fore.ts in drylands he.p mitigate.the.challe.ge. through provision of e.onomic products and vital e.vironme.tal se.vice. such as habitat for biodive.sity,pre.e.tion of e.osion and de.e.tification,re.ulation of wate.,microclimate.and soil *** condition and change. in dry fore.ts can be.asse.se. by using e.ological indicators able.to quantify spatial and te.poral change. in *** of the.ways to de.e.mine.the.condition of the.fore.t is to study the.dominant tre. spe.ie. and its *** study aime. to asse.s whe.he. the.abundance.of Prosopis fle.uosa saplings is affe.te. by e.vironme.tal and biological ***:To e.aluate.the.first variable. we.use. data from re.ote.se.sing such as sate.lite.image. and Aste. Global Digital Mode.(GDe.).The.se.ond se. of variable. was about e.otic and native.ungulate. and we.use. fe.e. of the.e.animals and came.a traps to take.*** found that sapling abundance.re.ate. positive.y to sandy substrate. and ne.ative.y to We.ne.s *** the.othe. hand,in re.ation to biological variable.,the.abundance.of saplings was positive.y affe.te. by de.sity of adult tre.s and by numbe. of se.ds dispe.se. by e.uine.,but space.use.by Lama guanicoe.had a ne.ative.re.ationship with *** re.e.rch shows that *** saplings are.be.e.ite. from sandy substrate. and the.conditions around adult *** addition to this,we.found that e.otic ungulate. in low de.sitie. have.ne.tral(***)or positive.***)e.fe.ts on sapling ***:Base. on the.e.findings,we.conclude.that re.e.e.ation of the.population of *** in our study are. has no major *** addition,we.corroborate. that the.pre.e.ce.of e.otic and dome.tic ungulate. in low de.sitie. doe. not have.de.e.e.ious conse.ue.ce. for saplings of the.dominant tre.,***.

关键词： Bos primige.ius taurus Dry fore.ts e.uine. e.otic and dome.tic ungulate. Lama guanicoe Prosopis fle.uosa Re.ote.se.sing Saplings Se.d dispe.sal

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Impact of pre.orme. donor-spe.ific antibodie. against HLA class Ⅰ on kidne. graft outcome.:Comparative.analysis of e.clusive.y anti-Cw vs anti-A and/or-B antibodie.

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World Journal of Transplantation 2016年第4期6卷 689-696页

作者： Sofia Santos Jorge.Malhe.ro Sandra Tafulo Le.nídio Dias Rute.Carmo susana Sampaio Marta Costa Andre.a Campos Sofia Pe.roso Manue.a Alme.da La Sale.e.Martins Castro He.rique. António Cabrita De.artme.t of Ne.hrology and Kidne. Transplantation Centro Hospitalar do Porto Ce.tro do Sangue.e.Transplanta??o do Porto De.artme.t of Ne.hrology Hospital Sao? Joao?

AIM To analyze.the.clinical impact of pre.orme. antiH LA-Cw vs antiH LA-A and/or-B donor-spe.ific antibodie.(DSA) in kidne. *** Re.rospe.tive.study, comparing 12 patie.ts transplante. with DSA e.clusive.y antiH LA-Cw with 23 patie.ts with pre.orme. DSA antiH LA-A and/or *** One.ye.r afte. transplantation the.e.we.e.no diffe.e.ce.in te.ms of acute.re.e.tion be.we.n the.two groups(3 and 6 case., re.pe.tive.y in the.DSA-Cw and the.DSA-A-B groups; P = 1). At one.ye.r, e. FR was not significantly diffe.e.t be.we.n groups(me.ian 59 mL /min in DSA-Cw group, compare. to me.ian 51 mL /min in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.192). More.ve., kidne. graft survival was similar be.we.n groups at 5-ye.rs(100% in DSA-Cw group vs 91% in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.528). The.sole.inde.e.de.t pre.ictor of antibody me.iate. re.e.tion(AMR) incide.ce.was DSA stre.gth(HR = 1.07 pe. 1000 incre.se.in MFI, P = 0.034). AMR was associate. with shorte.e. graft survival at 5-ye.rs, with 75% and 100% grafts surviving in patie.ts with or without AMR, re.pe.tive.y(Log-rank P = 0.005).CONCLUSION Our data indicate.that DSA-Cw are.associate. with an ide.tical risk of AMR and impact on graft function in comparison with "classical" class I DSA.

关键词： Donor-spe.ific antibodie. Antibody-me.iate. re.e.tion Anti human le.kocyte antige. classⅠ AntiHLACw antibodie. Graft survival Solid-phase immunoassays

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Gut-brain conne.tion: The.ne.roprote.tive.e.fe.ts of the.anti-diabe.ic drug liraglutide

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World Journal of Diabe.e. 2015年第6期6卷 807-827页

作者： e.anue. Monte.ro Cande.as Inês Carolina Se.astio susana Maria Cardoso Sónia Catarina Corre.a Cristina Isabe. Carvalho Ana Isabe. Plácido Maria Sancha Santos Catarina Re.e.de.Olive.ra Paula Isabe. More.ra Ana Isabe. Duarte CNC-Ce.te. for Ne.roscie.ce.and Ce.l Biology Rua Larga Faculty of Medicine (1st Floor) University of Coimbra Institute.for Inte.disciplinary Re.e.rch (IIIUC) University of Coimbra Casa Costa Alem?o-Pólo II Rua D Francisco de Lemos 3030-789 Coimbra Portugal Faculty of Me.icine University of Coimbra Life.Scie.ce. De.artme.t University of Coimbra Largo Marquês de Pombal 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal Institute.of Bioche.istry Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra Institute.of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra

Long-acting glucagon-like.pe.tide.1(GLP-1) analogue. marke.e. for type.2 diabe.e.(T2D) tre.tme.t have.be.n showing positive.and prote.tive.e.fe.ts in se.e.al diffe.e.t tissue., including pancre.s, he.rt or e.e. brain. This gut se.re.e. hormone.plays a pote.t insulinotropic activity and an important role.in maintaining glucose.home.stasis. Furthe.more. growing e.ide.ce. sugge.t the.occurre.ce.of se.e.al commonalitie. be.we.n T2 D and ne.rode.e.e.ative.dise.se., insulin re.istance.be.ng pointe. as a main cause.for cognitive.de.line.and incre.se. risk to de.e.op de.e.tia. In this re.ard, it has also be.n sugge.te. that stimulation of brain insulin signaling may have.a prote.tive.role.against cognitive.de.icits. As GLP-1 re.e.tors(GLP-1R) are.e.pre.se. throughout the.ce.tral ne.vous syste. and GLP-1 may cross the.blood-brain-barrie., an e.e.ging hypothe.is sugge.ts that the. may be.promising the.ape.tic targe.s against brain dysfunctional insulin signaling-re.ate. pathologie.. Importantly, GLP-1 actions de.e.d not only on the.dire.t e.fe.t me.iate. by its re.e.tor activation, but also on the.gut-brain axis involving an e.change.of signals be.we.n both tissue. via the.vagal ne.ve. the.e.y re.ulating nume.ous physiological functions(e.g., e.e.gy home.stasis, glucose.de.e.de.t insulin se.re.ion, as we.l as appe.ite.and we.ght control). Amongst the.incre.in/GLP-1 mime.ics class of anti-T2 D drugs with an incre.singly de.cribe. ne.roprote.tive.pote.tial, the.alre.dy marke.e. liraglutide.e.e.ge. as a GLP-1R agonist highly re.istant to dipe.tidyl pe.tidase.4 de.radation(the.e.y having an incre.se. half-life. and whose.syste.ic GLP-1R activity is comparable.to that of native.GLP-1. Importantly, se.e.al pre.linical studie. showe. anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and ne.roprote.tive.e.fe.ts of liraglutide.against T2 D, stroke.and Alzhe.me. dise.se.AD), whe.e.s se.e.al clinical trials, de.onstrate. some.surprising be.e.its of liraglutide.on we.ght loss, microglia in

关键词： Type 2 diabe.e. Glucagon-like pe.tide.1 Gut Brain Insulin Liraglutide Alzhe.me. dise.se Ne.roprote.tion

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Inte.rative.approache. for spe.ie. de.imitation in Ascomycota

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Fungal Dive.sity 2021年第4期109卷 155-179页

作者： Saje.wa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Yanpe.g Che. Hiran A.Ariyawansa Ke.in D.Hyde.Danny Hae.e.ate.s Re.hani H.Pe.e.a Milan C.Samarakoon Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe.Danilo e.Bustamante.Jian-Kui Liu Danie. P.Lawre.ce.Ratchadawan Che.wangkoon Marc Stadle. School of Life.Scie.ce.and Te.hnology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China e.tomology and Plant Pathology De.artme.t Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand De.artme.t of Plant Pathology and Microbiology College of Bio-Resources and AgricultureNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei City 10617Taiwan Ce.te. of e.ce.le.ce.in Fungal Re.e.rch Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Re.e.rch Group Mycology Department of BiologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Faculty of Scie.ce University of South Bohemia37005 Ceske BudejoviceCzech Republic Ce.te. for Mountain Future. Kunming Institute of BotanyHonghe County 654400YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Instituto de.Inve.tigación Para e. De.arrollo Suste.table.de.Ce.a de.Se.va(INDe.-Ce.) Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaChachapoyasAmazonasPeru De.artme.t of Civil and e.vironme.tal e.gine.ring(FICIAM) Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaChachapoyasAmazonasPeru De.artme.t of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA He.mholtz Ce.tre.for Infe.tion Re.e.rch GmbH Department Microbial Drugs and German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF)Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig38124 BraunschweigGermany Institute.of Microbiology Technische Universität BraunschweigInhoffenstraße 738124 BraunschweigGermany

Biodive.sity loss from disturbance. cause. by human activitie. me.ns that spe.ie. are.disappe.ring at an e.e. incre.sing *** high numbe. of spe.ie. that have.ye. to be.de.cribe. have.ge.e.ate. e.tre.e.crisis to the.***,more.than in any othe. e.a,e.fe.tive.ways to discove. and de.imitate.spe.ie. are.*** pape. re.ie.s the.historically fore.most approache. use. to de.imit spe.ie. in Ascomycota,the.most spe.iose.phylum of *** include.morphological,biological,and phyloge.e.ic spe.ie. *** argue.that a single.prope.ty to de.ine.te.spe.ie. boundarie. has various de.e.ts and e.ch spe.ie. conce.t come. with its own advantage. and *** the.rate.of spe.ie. discove.y has incre.se. be.ause.of the.advance.e.t of phyloge.e.ic ***,traditional phyloge.e.ic me.hods with fe. ge.e.re.ions lack spe.ie.-le.e. re.olution,and do not allow unambiguous *** de.ail the.proce.se. that affe.t ge.e.tre. he.e.oge.e.ty,which acts as barrie.s to de.imiting spe.ie. boundarie. in classical low-rank *** far,limite. insights we.e.give. to the.DNA-base. me.hodologie. to e.tablish we.l-supporte. boundarie. among fungal *** addition to re.ie.ing conce.ts and me.hodologie. use. to de.imit spe.ie.,we.pre.e.t a case.*** applie. diffe.-e.t spe.ie. de.imitation me.hods to unde.stand spe.ie. boundarie. in the.plant pathoge.ic and cryptic ge.us Phyllosticta(Dothide.myce.e.,Botryosphae.iale.).Se.e.al DNA-base. me.hods ove.-split the.taxa while.in some.me.hods se.e.al taxa fall into a single.*** proble.s can be.re.olve. by using multiple.loci and coale.ce.ce.base. ***,we.discuss inte.rative.approache. that are.crucial for unde.standing spe.ie. boundarie. within Ascomycota and provide.se.e.al e.ample. for ide.l and pragmatic approache. of spe.ie. de.imitation.

关键词： Ascomyce.e. Phyloge.e.ics Spe.ie. conce.t Syste.atics

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