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Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune,cfDNA,mitochondrial,and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： J.Sebastian Garcia-Medina Karolina Sienkiewicz S.Anand Narayanan eliah G.Overbey Kirill Grigorev Krista A.Ryon Marissa Burke Jacqueline Proszynski Braden Tierney Caleb M.Schmidt Nuria Mencia-Trinchant Remi Klotz Veronica Ortiz Jonathan Foox Christopher Chin Deena Najjar Irina Matei Irenaeus Chan Carlos Cruchaga Ashley Kleinman JangKeun Kim Alexander Lucaci Conor Loy Omary Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminck Anvita Singaraju Lynn e.Taylor Julian C.Schmidt Michael A.Schmidt Kelly Blease Juan Moreno Andrew Boddicker Junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie Andrew Altomare Semyon Kruglyak Shawn Levy Min Yu Duane C.Hassane susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton Jaime Mateus Christopher e.Mason Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Space exploration Technologies Corporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospace BoulderCO 80302USA Advanced Pattern Analysis&Human Performance Group BoulderCO 80302USA Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer Cancer Center Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Department of Systems engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA element Biosciences San DiegoCA 10055USA Department of environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra Inc New YorkNYUSA Washington University St Louis Oncology Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig School of Biomedical engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background The Inspiration4(I4)mission,the first all-civilian orbital flight mission,investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic *** advances,there remains much to learn about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges,including microgravity,immune system perturbations,and radiation *** To provide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission,we collected dried blood spots pre-,during,and post-flight for DNA *** length was measured by quantitative PCR,while whole genome and cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations.A robust bioinformatic pipeline was used for data analysis,including variant calling to assess mutational *** Telomere elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to ***-free DNA analysis revealed increased immune cell signatures *** significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP)or whole-genome instability was *** long-term gene expression changes across immune cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environment persisting months *** Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight,with telomere dynamics and immune cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to *** sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early development of CHIP in astronauts,an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have focused on career *** study will serve as a reference point for future commercial and non-commercial spaceflight,low earth orbit(LeO)missions,and deep-space exploration.

关键词： genomes clonal hematopoiesis stability immune mitochondria ribosomes spaceflight

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Cell Wall Microstructure Analysis Implicates Hemicellulose Polysaccharides in Cell Adhesion in Tomato Fruit Pericarp Parenchyma

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 910-921页

作者： Jose J. Ordaz-Ortiz susan e. Marcus J. Paul Knox Centre for Plant Sciences Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

Methods developed to isolate intact cells from both unripe and ripe tomato fruit pericarp parenchyma have allowed the cell biological analysis of polysaccharide epitopes at the surface of separated cells. The LM7 pectic homogalacturonan epitope is a marker of the junctions of adhesion planes and intercellular spaces in parenchyma systems. The LM7 epitope persistently marked the former edge of adhesion planes at the surface of cells separated from unripe and ripened tomato fruit and also from fruits with the Cnr mutation. The LM 11 xylan epitope was associated, in sections, with cell walls lining intercellular space but the epitope was not detected at the surface of isolated cells, being lost during cell isolation. The LM15 xyloglucan epitope was present at the surface of cells isolated from unripe fruit in a pattern reflecting the former edge of cell adhesion planes/intercellular space but with gaps and apparent breaks. An equivalent pattern of LM15 epitope occurrence was revealed at the surface of cells isolated by pectate lyase action but was not present in cells isolated from ripe fruit or from Cnr fruit. In contrast to wild-type cells, the LM5 galactan and LM21 mannan epitopes occurred predominantly in positions reflecting intercellular space in Cnr, suggesting a concerted alteration in cell wall microstructure in response to this mutation. Galactanase and mannanase, along with pectic homogalacturonan-degrading enzymes, were capable of releasing cells from unripe fruit parenchyma. These observations indicate that hemicellulose polymers are present in architectural contexts reflecting cell adhesion and that several cell wall polysaccharide classes are likely to contribute to cell adhesion/cell separation in tomato fruit pericarp parenchyma.

关键词： Cell walls fruit development tomato cell adhesion cell separation polysaccharide.

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Taxonomic revision of lizards from the Paleocene deposits of the Qianshan Basin, Anhui, China

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古脊椎动物学报 2016年第3期54卷 243-268页

作者： DONG Li-Ping susan e. eVANS WANG Yuan Key Laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Aeademy ofScienees Beijing 100044 China Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University College Lonclon London WC1E6BT.UK)

Although the Late Cretaceous lizard fauna of China and Mongolia is relatively well-known, information on Paleocene lizards from the same region is currently limited. Several species of lizards have been reported from the Paleocene Wanghudun and Doumu formations of Qianshan Basin on the basis of fragmentary specimens, namely Agama sinensis Hou, 1974, Anhuisaurus huainanensis Hou, 1974, Anqingosanrus brevicephalus Hou, 1976, Changjiangosaurus huananensis Hou, 1976, Qianshanosaurus huangpuensis Hou, 1974, and Tinosaurus doumuensis Hou, 1974. In this paper, we review all the reported material of these taxa with the aid of new technology, including CT scanning, and according to current views of squamate relationships and classification. Revised descriptions and classifications are given for each taxon, leading to changes in our understanding of faunal composition. This, in turn, reveals greater morphological and ecological diversity among the Paleocene lizards of the Qianshan Basin, including the occurrence of a varaniform (IVPP V 22767), and the reinterpretation of Anqingosaurus as a possible burrower. Further work on the Paleocene Qianshan lizards is ongoing and the discovery of new specimens may help to solve the puzzles these strange lizards have posed.

关键词： Qianshan Basin Anhui Paleocene lizards phylogeny taxonomic revision CT-scan

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Assessing the utility of dissolved organic matter photoreactivity as a predictor of in situ methylmercury concentration

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 160-168页

作者： Sara J.Klapstein susan e.Ziegler David A.Risk Nelson J.O'Driscoll environmental Science Program Memorial University of Newfoundland Department of earth Sciences St. Francis Xavier University Department of earth and environmental Science Acadia University

Methylmercury（MeHg） bioaccumulation is a growing concern in ecosystems worldwide. The absorption of solar radiation by dissolved organic matter（DOM） and other photoreactive ligands can convert MeHg into less toxic forms of mercury through photodemethylation. In this study, spectral changes and photoreactivity of DOM were measured to assess the potential to control photoreactions and predict in situ MeHg concentration. Water samples collected from a series of lakes in southwestern Nova Scotia in June, August, and September were exposed to controlled ultraviolet-A（UV-A） radiation for up to 24 hr. Dissolved organic matter photoreactivity, measured as the loss of absorbance at 350 nm at constant UV-A irradiation, was positively dependent on the initial DOM concentration in lake waters（r^2=0.94）. This relationship was consistent over time with both DOM concentration and photoreactivity increasing from summer into fall across lakes. Lake in situ MeHg concentration was positively correlated with DOM concentration and likely catchment transport in June（r = 0.77） but not the other sampling months. Despite a consistent seasonal variation in both DOM and Fe, and their respective correlations with MeHg, no discernable seasonal trend in MeHg was observed. However, a 3-year dataset from the 6 study lakes revealed a positive correlation between DOM concentration and both Fe（r = 0.91） and MeHg concentrations（r = 0.51） suggesting a more dominant landscape mobility control on *** DOM-MeHg relationships observed in these lakes highlights the need to examine DOM photoreactivity controls on MeHg transport and availability in natural waters particularly given future climate perturbations.

关键词： Methylmercury Dissolved organic carbon Photoreactions Kejimkujik National Park Freshwater lakes

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Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection without cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第32期16卷 4061-4065页

作者： Kathryn L Nash Tracy Woodall Ashley SM Brown susan e Davies Graeme JM Alexander Department of Hepatology University of CambridgeAddenbrooke's HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB2 2QQUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology Mailpoint 255Southampton General HospitalTremona RoadSouthamptonHampshire SO16 6YDUnited Kingdom Liver Unit Department of MedicineSt Mary's HospitalPraed StreetLondon W2 1NYUnited Kingdom Department of Histopathology University of CambridgeAddenbrooke's HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB2 2QQUnited Kingdom

AIM:To investigate and characterise patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection presenting with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the absence of ***:Patients with chronic hepatitis C infection without cirrhosis presenting with HCC over a 2-year period were *** clinical case notes,blood test results and histological specimens were reviewed to identify whether additional risk factors for the development of HCC were ***:Six patients(five male,one female) with chronic hepatitis C infection without cirrhosis presented to a single centre with HCC over a 2-year *** patients were treated by surgical resection and one patient underwent liver *** of generous histological specimens confirmed the presence of HCC and the absence of cirrhosis in all *** degree of fibrosis of the background liver was staged as mild(n = 1),moderate(n = 4) or bridging fibrosis(n = 1).Review of the clinical case notes revealed that all cases had an additional risk factor for the development of HCC(four had evidence of past hepatitis B virus infection;two had a history of excessive alcohol consumption;a further patient had prolonged exposure to immune suppression).CONCLUSION:HCC does occur in patients with non-cirrhotic HCV infection who have other risk factors for hepatocarcinogenesis.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Non-cirrhotic Screening

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The significance of N‑carbamoylglutamate in ruminant production

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畜牧与生物技术杂志:英文版 2023年第5期14卷 1798-1814页

作者： susan A.McCoard David Pacheco AgResearch Limited Grasslands Research CentreTennent DrivePrivate Bag 11008Palmerston North 4442New Zealand

Improving the efficiency and production of grazing ruminants to support food and fiber production,while reducing the environmental footprint and meeting the welfare needs of the animals,is important for sustainable livestock production *** of new technologies that can improve the efficiency of nitrogen(N)utilization in ruminants,and that are effective and safe,has important implications for ruminant livestock production.N-carbomoylglutamate(NCG)is a functional micronutrient that stimulates endogenous synthesis of arginine,which can improve survival,growth,lactation,reproductive performance,and feed efficiency in *** is a growing body of evidence to support the potential of dietary NCG supplementation to improve the productive capacity and N utilization efficiency of *** review summarizes the current literature on the effects of dietary supplementation with NCG in ruminants and impacts on production and potential to reduce the environmental footprint of farmed ruminant *** current literature highlights the potential for commercial application in ruminant livestock to improve productivity and N utilization efficiency.

关键词： Dairy environment Fetal growth and development Lactation N-carbamoylglutamate Nitrogen Red meat Reproduction

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Can crop science really help us to produce more betterquality food while reducing the world-wide environmental footprint of agriculture?

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and engineering 2020年第1期7卷 28-44页

作者： William J.DAVIeS susan e.WARD Alan WILSON Lancaster environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLAI 4YQUK Waitrose and Partners Food RetailersWaite HouseBracknellRG128YAUK

This paper reviews recent developments in crop science that can be the basis of a revolution in the global food system but it is also emphasized that such a revolution requires more than changes in food production and *** must more effectively feed a growing global population with a healthy diet while also defining and delivering the kinds of sustainable food systems that will minimise damage to our *** are exciting new developments in crop production biology but much existing crop science can be exploited to increase yields with the aid of a knowledge exchange(Ke)framework requiring the use of new technology now available to most people across the *** discuss novel approaches at both the plant and the crop level that will enhance nutrient and water productivity and we also outline ways in which energy use and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions can be reduced and labor shortages *** of new biology and new engineering opportunities will require development of public-private partnerships and collaborations across the disciplines to allow us to move effectively from discovery science to practical *** is also important that consumers contribute to the debate over proposed changes to food and farming and so effective Ke mechanisms are required between all relevant communities.

关键词： food security environmental sustainability crop water use efficiency crop science diet and health

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Near-Real-Time Analysis of Publicly Communicated Disaster Response Information

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第3期5卷 165-175页

作者： Trevor Girard Friedemann Wenzel Bijan Khazai Tina Kunz-Plapp James e.Daniell susan A.Brink Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76187 KarlsruheGermany

Analysis of a disaster event can identify strengths and weaknesses of the response implemented by the disaster management system;however, analysis does not typically occur until after the response phase is *** result is that knowledge gained can only benefit future responses rather than the response under investigation. This article argues that there is an opportunity to conduct analysis while the response is operational due to the increasing availability of information within hours and days of a disaster event. Hence, this article introduces a methodology for analyzing publicly communicated disaster response information in near-real-time. A classification scheme for the disaster information needs of the public has been developed to facilitate analysis and has led to the establishment of best observed practice standards for content and timeliness. By comparing the information shared with the public within days of a disaster to these standards,information gaps are revealed that can be investigated further. The result is identification of potential deficiencies in communicating critical disaster response information to the public at a time when they can still be corrected.

关键词： Disaster response information Forensic disaster analysis Near-real-time analysis Post disaster evaluation

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Two quantitative trait loci, Dw1 and Dw2, are primarily responsible for rootstock-induced dwarfing in apple

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 301-309页

作者： Toshi M Foster Jean-Marc Celton David Chagné D Stuart Tustin susan e Gardiner The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Ltd Palmerston North Private Bag 11600Palmerston North 4474New Zealand INRA UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences 49071 BeaucouzéFrance The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Ltd Havelock North Private Bag 1401Havelock North 4175New Zealand

The apple dwarfing rootstock‘Malling9’(‘M9’)has been used worldwide both to reduce scion vigour and as a genetic source for breeding new *** of‘M9’segregate for rootstock-induced dwarfing of the scion,indicating that this trait is controlled by one or more genetic factors.A quantitative trait locus(QTL)analysis of a rootstock population derived from the cross between‘M9’×‘Robusta5’(non-dwarfing)and grafted with‘Braeburn’scions identified a major QTL(Dw1)on linkage group(LG)5,which exhibits a significant influence on dwarfing of the scion.A smaller-effect QTL affecting dwarfing(Dw2)was identified on LG11,and four minor-effect QTLs were found on LG6,LG9,LG10 and *** analysis indicates that the combination of Dw1 and Dw2 has the strongest influence on rootstock-induced dwarfing,and that Dw1 has a stronger effect than *** markers linked to Dw1 and Dw2 were screened over 41 rootstock accessions that confer a range of effects on scion *** majority of the dwarfing and semi-dwarfing rootstock accessions screened carried marker alleles linked to Dw1 and *** suggests that most apple dwarfing rootstocks have been derived from the same genetic source.

关键词： dwarf trait breeding

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Social-ecological correlates of fundamental movement skills in young children

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第2期8卷 122-129页

作者： Nan Zeng susan L.Johnson Richard e.Boles Laura L.Bellows Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Colorado State University Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

Purpose: To identify the social-ecological correlates associated with fundamental movement skills at the child, family, and environment levels in young ***: Preschool children from 4 Colorado Head Start/preschool centers were recruited from 2010 to 2012. Two hundred twenty-eight children(128 girls; age = 56.08 § 4.09 months; body mass index(BMI) z-score = 0.53 § 1.12(mean § SD); 42.1% Hispanic/Latino) and 159 families were included in the final analysis. Children's perceived competence and fundamental movement skills were assessed via the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2 nd edition. Data on the number of children in the family, parent age, BMI, education, employment status, family income, perception of child coordination, and home physical activity environment were collected via a questionnaire. Linear regressions adjusted for child BMI, age, sex, and school site were performed at each ***: Child perceived cognitive competence was positively associated with locomotor skills(p = 0.04; adjusted R2= 0.035) and object-control skills(p = 0.003; adjusted R2= 0.083) at the child level. Parent education, BMI, and perception of child coordination were positively associated with locomotor skills and explained 8.8% of variance, but only parent education was significant(p = 0.04) at the family level. In addition, physical environment was positively associated with locomotor skills(p = 0.02) and explained 5.5% of variance at the environment ***: Social-ecological correlates associated with young children's fundamental movement skills are multidimensional and differ according to skill category at the child, family, and environment levels.

关键词： Activity environment Fundamental movement skills Parent education Perceived cognitive competence Preschool children

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