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Resolving place names in Amdo and Kham:A gazetteer for the Hengduan Mountains region of Southwest China

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植物分类学报 2006年第6期44卷 721-732页

作者： susan L. KELLEY Arnold Arboretum and Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge MA 02138-2020 U.S.A.

Perhaps no region on earth presents such a confusing array of place names as does the area made up of the former provinces of Kham and Amdo in historic Tibet (Xizang). Within these areas, cities, towns, villages, mountains, lakes and other geographic features have at least two names applied to them, one Tibetan, the other Chinese. Overlying this indigenous nomenclature are the names applied by outsiders, mostly Europeans, each of whom used their native language to transliterate the names they heard or read from Tibetan or Chinese script, and names in the languages of other ethnic minorities who live within the area. Adding to the confusion are the conflicting “standards” for transliterating Tibetan and Chinese names. To resolve the inconsistencies and uncertainties of place names in this region, a multilingual gazetteer and thesaurus was prepared. The gazetteer-thesaurus was compiled to be used as a tool for correlating the often radically different names assigned to a single place or feature and to provide the geographic coordinates for each. The impetus for this project was the need to assign geographic coordinates to plant specimens collected in the area since the latter part of the 19th century up until the advent and widespread use of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in the 1990s. Georeferencing specimens is necessary for plotting the historical distribution of species and for more completely understanding the information contained on specimen labels. Knowing the distribution of plants is important for answering phylogenetic questions, determining local and widespread biogeographical patterns, identifying areas of unusually high diversity or endemism, and determining areas in need of special protection. The value of such a gazetteer, however, extends well beyond the field of botany. It is intended to be of use to anyone with a desire to know the nomenclatural history of places in the area and for pinpointing with a fair degree of accuracy the location

关键词： Tibet (Xizang) Amdo Kham Hengduan Mountains gazetteer biodiversity Geographic Information Systems (GIS) herbarium conservation georeferencing.

The face of animal cognition

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 132-144页

作者： susan D.HEALY School of Biology University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK

As an increasing number of researchers investigate the cognitive abilities of an ever-wider range of animals,animal cognition is currently among the most exciting fields within animal *** would be proud:all four of his approaches are being pursued and we are learning much about how animals collect information and how they use that information to make decisions for their current and future states as well as what animals do not perceive or choose to *** I provide an overview of this productivity,alighting only briefly on any single example,to showcase the diversity of species,of approaches and the sheer mass of research effort currently under *** are getting closer to understanding the minds of other animals and the evolution of cognition at an increasingly rapid rate.

关键词： animal cognition comparative psychology Tinbergen’s four questions

A catalyst for integrating analytical biology,analytical chemistry, and engineering to improve drinking water safety: The groundbreaking work of Dr. Michael Plewa

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 6-9页

作者： susan D.Richardson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

It is interesting how a random encounter can profoundly change your life. My random encounter was with a young graduate student from Michael Plewa’s laboratory. The location was the 1999 American Chemical Society (ACS) Conference, where, following his talk, this promising researcher was being unfairly criticized by a well-established scientist. I disagreed with this scientist’s criticism, and I encouraged the student how I thought his work was important.

关键词： breaking integrating analytical

Mapping of Freshwater Lake Wetlands Using Object-Relations and Rule-based Inference

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Chinese Geographical Science 2012年第4期22卷 462-471页

作者： RUAN Renzong susan USTIN State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China Department of Land Air and Water Resources University of California Davis CA 95616 the United States)

Inland freshwater lake wetlands play an important role in regional ecological balance. Hongze Lake is the fourth biggest freshwater lake in China. In the past three decades, there has been significant loss of freshwater wet- lands within the lake and at the mouths of neighboring rivers, due to disturbance, primarily from human activities. The main purpose of this paper was to explore a practical technology for differentiating wetlands effectively from upland types in close proximity to them. In the paper, an integrated method, which combined per-pixel and per-field classifi- cation, was used for mapping wetlands of Hongze Lake and their neighboring upland types. Firstly, Landsat ETM＋ imagery was segmented and classified by using spectral and textural features. Secondly, ETM＋ spectral bands, textural features derived from ETM＋ Pan imagery, relative relations between neighboring classes, shape fea^xes, and elevation were used in a decision tree classification. Thirdly, per-pixel classification results from the decision tree classifier were improved by using classification results from object-oriented classification as a context. The results show that the technology has not only overcome the salt-and-pepper effect commonly observed in the past studies, but also has im- proved the accuracy of identification by nearly 5%.

关键词： rule-based inferring object-based classification freshwater lake wetland relation feature Hongze Lake

Analysis of Metamaterial Cloaks Using Circular Split Ring Resonator Structures

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2016年第6期52卷 133-141页

作者： susan Thomas Balamati Choudhury REVA University Bengaluru NAL Bengaluru.

A novel microwave cloak using circular split ring resonator(SRR)based metamaterial structure has been proposed in this *** cloak which operates at a frequency of 10.6 GHz is composed of cylindrical dielectric sheets printed with circular split ring resonators of spatially varying and anisotropic material *** article also focuses on the phenomenon of resonant splitting in circular SRR microwave cloak.A detailed analysis of various linear metamaterial arrays and their response has also been elucidated.

关键词： Cloaking metamaterial circular split ring resonator.

Testosterone deficiency：a historical perspective

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 161-168,I0006页

作者： Eberhard Nieschlag susan Nieschlag Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology University Hospital of M(Jnster MOnster Germany Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia.

The biological effects of the testes and testosterone are known since antiquity. Aristotle knew the effects of castration and his hypothesis on fertilization is one of the first scientific encounters in reproductive biology. Over centuries, castration has been performed as punishment and to produce obedient slaves, but also to preserve the soprano voices of prepubertal boys. The Chinese imperial （and other oriental） courts employed castrates as overseers in harems who often obtained high-ranking political positions. The era of testis transplantation and organotherapy was initiated by John Hunter in London who transplanted testes into capons in 1786. The intention of his experiments was to prove the ＇vital principle＇ as the basis for modern transplantation medicine, but Hunter did not consider endocrine aspects. Arnold Adolph Berthold postulated internal secretion from his testicular transplantation experiments in 1849 in Gottingen and is thus considered the father of endocrinology. Following his observations, testicular preparations were used for therapy, popularized by self-experiments by Charles-Edouard Brown-Sequard in Paris （1889）, which can at best have placebo effects. In the 1920s Sergio Voronoff transplanted testes from animals to men, but their effectiveness was disproved. Today testicular transplantation is being refined by stem cell research and germ cell transplantation. Modern androgen therapy started in 1935 when Enrest Lacquer isolated testosterone from bull testes in Amsterdam. In the same year testosterone was chemically synthesized independently by Adolf Butenandt in G6ttingen and Leopold Ruzicka in Basel. Since testosterone was ineffective orally it was either compressed into subcutaneous pellets or was used orally as 17α-methyl testosterone, now obsolete because of liver toxicity. The early phases of testosterone treatment coincide with the first description of the most prominent syndromes of hypogonadism by Klinefelter, by Kallmann, DelCastillo

关键词： castration testosteron testosterone deficiency

A new technique helps to uncover unknown peptides and disinfection by-products in water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 6-8页

作者： susan D.Richardson Cristina Postigo Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research-Spanish National Research Council(IDAEA-CSIC)

Environmental water samples can be extremely complex,with potentially thousands of molecules that can derive from natural organic matter（NOM）and thousands that derive from anthropogenic *** complex as these samples are,drinking water can be even more *** to disinfectants that are used to treat drinking water（e.g.,chlorine,chloramines,

关键词： Disinfection by-products(DBPs) Drinking water Halogenated peptides Liquid chromatography Natural organic matter(NOM) Non-targeted analysis Tandem mass spectrometry Water contaminants

Close up observation and inversion of low-altitude ENA emissions during a substorm event

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第6期62卷 1024-1032页

作者： Li LU susan MCKENNA-LAWLOR Jan BALAZ National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Space Technology Ireland Ltd. Maynooth Co.Kildare Institute of Experimental Physics

During a series of substorm events on November 12 2004, the Neutral Atom Detector Unit(NUADU) flying onboard the TC-2 spacecraft observed, close to perigee, bright low-altitude Energetic Neutral Atom(ENA) emissions from both north and south poles. Through utilizing high temporal and spatial resolution data inversion techniques we present here a global view the associated processes of energetic ion deposition and injection at the uniquely high temporal resolution of a few minutes. It is demonstrated that the ENA emissions observed came mainly from the, low-altitude, high magnetic latitude polar region. Since precipitating ions follow magnetic field lines and have more chance to produce ENA emissions through charge exchange ***, the employment of a low-orbit satellite to record at high temporal and spatial resolution ENA image data is inferred to be the best way to monitor those dynamic ring current variations that occur during geomagnetic activity.

关键词： Low-altitude ENA emissions ENA image inversion Pitch angle distribution Ion injection Ion deposition

A New Restarting Adaptive Trust-Region Method for Unconstrained Optimization

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2017年第4期5卷 487-507页

作者： Morteza Kimiaei susan Ghaderi Department of Mathematics Asadabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityAsadabadIran Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceRazi UniversityKermanshahIran

In this paper,we present a new adaptive trust-region method for solving nonlinear unconstrained optimization *** precisely,a trust-region radius based on a nonmonotone technique uses an approximation of Hessian which is adaptively *** produce a suitable trust-region radius;preserve the global convergence under classical assumptions to the first-order critical points;improve the practical performance of the new algorithm compared to other exiting ***,the quadratic convergence rate is established under suitable *** results on the CUTEst test collection of unconstrained problems are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared with some exiting methods.

关键词： Unconstrained optimization Trust-region methods Nonmonotone technique Adaptive radius Theoretical convergence