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Pyrometallurgical recycling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1554-1571页

作者： Juheon Lee Kwang Won Park Il sohn Sanghoon Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul 03722Korea Yonsei Industry Cooperation Center Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Korea RD Solution Wanju gunJeollabuk do 55365Korea

The global importance of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has been increasingly underscored with the advancement of high-performance energy storage ***,the end-of-life of these batteries poses significant challenges from environmental,economic,and resource management *** review paper focuses on the pyrometallurgy-based recycling process of lithium-ion batteries,exploring the fundamental understanding of this process and the importance of its *** on the high energy consumption and emission gas issues of the pyrometallurgical recycling process,we systematically analyzed the capital-intensive nature of this process and the resulting technological ***,we conducted an in-depth discussion on the future research directions to overcome the existing technological barriers and *** review will provide valuable insights for researchers and industry stakeholders in the battery recycling field.

关键词： spent lithium-ion batteries recycling sustainability lithium valuable metal

Direct acetylation of a conserved threonine of RIN4 by the bacterial effector HopZ5 or AvrBsT activates RPM1-dependent immunity in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2021年第11期14卷 1951-1960页

作者： Arabidopsis Sera Choi Maxim Prokchorchik Hyeonjung Lee Ravi Gupta Yoonyoung Lee Eui-Hwan Chung Buhyeon Cho Min-sung Kim Sun Tae Kim Kee Hoon sohn Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea Department of Plant Bioscience Life and Industry Convergence Research InstitutePusan National UniversityMiryang 50463Republic of Korea Department of Botany School of Chemical and Life SciencesJamia HamdardHamdard NagarNew Delhi 110062India Division of Biotechnology Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea The Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation(INRES) University of BonnNussallee 953115 BonnGermany

Plant pathogenic bacteria deliver effectors into plant cells to suppress immunity and promote pathogen survival;however, these effectors can be recognised by plant disease resistance (R) proteins to activate innate immunity. The bacterial acetyltransferase effectors HopZ5 and AvrBsT trigger immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes lacking SUPPRESSOR OF AVRBST-ELICITED RESISTANCE 1 (SOBER1). Using an Arabidopsis accession, Tscha-1, that naturally lacks functional SOBER1 but is unable to recognise HopZ5, we demonstrate that RESISTANCE TO P. SYRINGAE PV MACULICOLA 1 (RPM1) and RPM1-INTERACTING PROTEIN 4 (RIN4) are indispensable for HopZ5- or AvrBsT-triggered immunity. Remarkably, T166 of RIN4, the phosphorylation of which is induced by AvrB and AvrRpm1, was directly acetylated by HopZ5 and AvrBsT. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the acetylation of RIN4 T166 is required and sufficient for HopZ5- or AvrBsT-triggered RPM1-dependent defence activation. Finally, we show that SOBER1 interferes with HopZ5- or AvrBsT-triggered immunity by deacetylating RIN4 T166. We have thus elucidated detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the activation and suppression of plant innate immunity triggered by two bacterial acetyltransferases, HopZ5 and AvrBsT from different bacterial pathogens.

关键词： Acetyltransferase effectors Effector-triggered immunity Immunity suppressors NLR Plant deacetylase Plant immunity

Determination and evaluation of biogas and methane productions of vegetable and fruit wastes with Hohenheim Batch Test method

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第4期10卷 207-215页

作者： Ali Aybek Serdar Üçok Faculty of Agriculture Department of Biosystems EngineeringKahramanmarasSutcu Imam UniversityKahramanmarasTurkey

Nowadays,biogas technology applications are gradually increasing worldwide due to the economic and environmental *** researches and studies related to the determination of the biogas potential of organic waste materials have been carried out in the recent *** to determine the specific methane potential of organic waste materials have a great importance for both design and economical operation of the biogas *** potential that will be recovered from organic wastes is substantial in *** to biogas plants gathering vegetable-fruit wastes and other organic wastes are planned to produce significant amount of renewable energy in Turkish *** to the use of organic wastes,the disposal of waste as well as energy production,soil,water and air pollution in terms of environmental protection are also *** the other hand,the organic wastes produced from plants can also be utilized as fertilizer in vegetable *** this study,the cumulative biogas and methane production of vegetable and fruit wastes were experimentally determined with HBT(Hohenheim Batch Test)*** and methane yields of vegetable and fruit wastes were found as 0.54-0.73 Nm^(3)/(kg ODM)and 0.29-0.37 Nm^(3)/(kg ODM),*** highest value of the cumulative specific methane production was tomato wastes(0.37 Nm^(3)/(kg ODM)),and the lowest value was lettuce wastes(0.29 Nm^(3)/(kg ODM)),as *** average cumulative specific methane production values of mixed vegetable and fruit wastes are determined as 0.34 Nm^(3)/(kg ODM).

关键词： biogas methane production Hohenheim Batch Test vegetable and fruit wastes renewable energy Turkey

Trial productions of freeze-dried Lactobacillus plantarum culture using dairy by-products as cryoprotectants:Viability and characterization of cultures

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Food Bioscience 2022年第2期46卷 386-394页

作者： GamzeÜçok Durmus¸Sert Department of Food Engineering Faculty of EngineeringNecmettin Erbakan University42090KonyaTurkey

This study is a research on the utilization of dairy industry by-products in the practical production and long-term preservation of industrial microbial ***,lyophilized cultures were obtained by freeze-drying of Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria in large quantities and for a constant period of time in skimmed milk-based medium containing 5%acid casein,rennet casein,whey and demineralized *** cryoprotectants did not have significant protection against freeze-drying process,moreover,the use of rennet casein significantly reduced *** efficiency of the preservatives in preserving the viability during storage was very successful compared to the control ***-enriched cultures had high water activity and moisture,but high viability was maintained during *** powder morphologies of the cultures were differentiated by the use of different *** sizes of the cultures were parallel to the moisture *** size and distribution increased with *** thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)analysis,it was determined that the addition of casein protein increased the degradation temperature of the *** production of freeze-dried cultures became difficult with the use of ***,it was generally concluded that the protective properties of skimmed milk used for the preservation of *** could be improved by the addition of dairy by-products as a protective agent.

关键词： Cryoprotectants Dairy by-products Freeze-dried culture L.plantarum Preservation

Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Anthocyanin Extracted from Black Soybean on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第8期24卷 621-626页

作者： Byung Il Yoon Woong Jin Bae Yong Sun Choi Su Jin Kim U Syn Ha sung-Hoo Hong Dong Wan sohn Sae Woong Kim Department of Urology International St Mary's HospitalThe Catholic Kwandong University of Korea Department of Urology College of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea

Objective： To investigated the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of anthocyanins extracted from black soybean on the chronic bacterial prostatitis（CBP） rat ***： The SpragueDawley rats were divided into 4 groups,including control,ciprofloxacin,anthocyanins and anthocyanins with ciprofloxacin groups（n=8 in each group）.Then,drip infusion of bacterial suspension（Escherichia coli Z17O2：K1：H^-） into Sprague-Dawley rats was conducted to induce *** 4 weeks,results of prostate tissue,urine culture,and histological analysis on the prostate were analyzed for each ***： The use of ciprofloxacin,anthocyanins,and anthocyanins with ciprofloxacin showed statistically significant decreases in bacterial growth and improvements in the reduction of prostatic inflammation compared with the control group（P〈0.05）.The anthocyanins with ciprofloxacin group showed a statistically significant decrease in bacterial growth and improvement in prostatic inflammation compared with the ciprofloxacin group（P〈0.05）.Conclusions： These results suggest that anthocyanins may have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects,as well as a synergistic effect with ***,we suggest that the combination of anthocyanins and ciprofloxacin may be effective in treating CBP to obtain a higher rate of treatment success.

关键词： prostatitis anti-bacterial agents anthocyanins

Time-Aware PolarisX: Auto-Growing Knowledge Graph

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 2695-2708页

作者： Yeon-Sun Ahn ok-Ran Jeong Department of Software Gachon UniversityGyeonggi-do13120Korea

A knowledge graph is a structured graph in which data obtained from multiple sources are standardized to acquire and integrate human *** is being actively conducted to cover a wide variety of knowledge,as it can be applied to applications that help ***,existing researches are constructing knowledge graphs without the time information that knowledge *** stored without time information becomes outdated over time,and in the future,the possibility of knowledge being false or meaningful changes is *** a result,they can’t reect information that changes dynamically,and they can’t accept information that has newly *** solve this problem,this paper proposes Time-Aware PolarisX,an automatically extended knowledge graph including time *** PolarisX constructed a BERT model with a relation extractor and an ensemble NER model including a time tag with an entity extractor to extract knowledge consisting of subject,relation,and object from unstructured *** two application experiments,it shows that the proposed system overcomes the limitations of existing systems that do not consider time information when applied to an application such as a ***,we verify that the accuracy of the extraction model is improved through a comparative experiment with the existing model.

关键词： Machine learning natural language processing knowledge graph time-aware information extraction

Flexible highly-effective energy harvester via crystallographic and computational control of nanointerfacial morphotropic piezoelectric thin film

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Nano Research 2017年第2期10卷 437-455页

作者： Chang Kyu Jeong sung Beom Cho Jae Hyun Han Dae Yong Park Suyoung Yang Kwi-II Park Jungho Ryu Hoon sohn Yong-Chae Chung Keon Jae Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea KAISTInstitute for the NanoCentury (KINC) 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu Seou104763 Republic of Korea Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering KAIST 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea Department of Energy Engineering Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology 33 Dongjin-ro Jinju Gyeongnam 52725 Republic of Korea Functional Ceramic Group Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) 797 Changwon-daero Seongsan-gu Changwon Gyeongnam.51508 Republic of Korea

Controlling the properties of piezoelectric thin films is a key aspect for designing highly efficient flexible electromechanical devices. In this stud）~ the crystallographic phenomena of PbZr1-xTixO3 （PZT） thin films caused by distinguished interfacial effects are deeply investigated by overlooking views, including not only an experimental demonstration but also ab initio modeling. The polymorphic phase balance and crystallinity, as well as the crystal orientation of PZT thin films at the morphotropic phase boundary （MPB）, can be stably modulated using interfacial crystal structures. Here, interactions with MgO stabilize the PZT crystallographic system well and induce the texturing influences, while the PZT film remains quasi-stable on a conventional A1203 wafer. On the basis of this fundamental understanding, a high-output flexible energy harvester is developed using the controlled-PZT system, which shows significantly higher performance than the unmodified PZT generator. The voltage, current, and power densities are improved by 556%, 503%, and 822%, respectively, in comparison with the previous flexional single-crystalline piezoelectric device. Finally, the improved flexible generator is applied to harvest tiny vibrational energy from a real traffic system, and it is used to operate a commercial electronic unit. These results clearly indicate that atomic-scale designs can produce significant impacts on macroscopic applications.

关键词： energy harvesting morphotropic phaseboundary (MPB) piezoelectric first-principles calculation lead zirconium titanate(PZT)

The 3-Hour-Interval Prediction of Ground-Level Temperature in South Korea Using Dynamic Linear Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2003年第4期20卷 575-582页

作者： Keon-Tae sohn Deuk-KyunRHA Young-KyungSEO Dept.of Statistics Pusan National University30 Jangjeon-dongGeumjung-guPusan609-735KoreaKorea Meteorological Administration460-18 Shindaebang-dongTongjak-guSeoul156-720KoreaKorea Meteorological Administration460-18 Shindaebang-dongTongjak-guSeoul156-720Korea

The 3-hour-interval prediction of ground-level temperature from +00 h out to +45 h in South Korea (38 stations) is performed using the DLM (dynamic linear model) in order to eliminate the systematic error of numerical model forecasts. Numerical model forecasts and observations are used as input values of the DLM. According to the comparison of the DLM forecasts to the KFM (Kalman filter model) forecasts with RMSE and bias, the DLM is useful to improve the accuracy of prediction.

关键词： temperature forecasting systematic error dynamic linear model

Dissolution of TiO_(2) and TiN inclusions in CaO–SiO_(2)–B_(2)O_(3)-based fluorine-free mold flux

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第9期30卷 1740-1747页

作者： Dawei Cai Li Zhang Wanlin Wang Lei Zhang Il sohn School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China National Center for International Research of Clean Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Materials Science and Engineering Department Yonsei UniversitySeoul 120-749Rep.of Korea

Mold flux serves the crucial metallurgical function of absorbing inclusions, directly impacting the smoothness of the casting process as well as the cast slab quality. In this study, the dissolution behavior and mechanism of Ti O_(2)and Ti N inclusions in molten Ca O–Si O_(2)–B_(2)O_(3)-based fluorine-free mold flux were explored by in situ single hot thermocouple technology combined with X-ray photoelectron *** results showed that Ti O_(2) inclusions are effectively dissolved by the molten slag within 76 s, during which the original octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures are destroyed and convert to the networker tetrahedral [Ti O_(4)]^(4-)structures. However, the dissolution rate is much lower for Ti N inclusions than for Ti O_(2)inclusions. This can be attributed to the fact that the Ti N particles need to be oxidized and then dissolved in the molten slag to form tetrahedral [Ti O4]4-and octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures during the Ti N inclusion dissolution process, which is accompanied by the generation of a large amount of N_(2)gas. Moreover, Ca Ti O_(3)crystals tend to nucleate and grow on bubble surfaces with sufficient octahedral [Ti O_(6)]^(8-)structures and Ca^(2+)ions, eventually resulting in the molten slag being in a solid–liquid mixed state.

关键词： TiO_(2)inclusion TiN inclusion mold flux fluorine-free continuous casting