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Assessing forest cover changes and fragmentation in the Himalayan temperate region: implications for forest conservation and management

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 128-141页

作者： Kaleem Mehmood Shoaib Ahmad Anees Akhtar Rehman Aqil Tariq Qijing Liu sultan muhammad Fazli Rabbi Shao’an Pan Wesam Atef Hatamleh College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Institute of Agriculture Sciences and Forestry University of SwatSwatPakistan Department of Forestry The University of AgricultureDera Ismail Khan 29050Pakistan Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry Forestry CollegeBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China Department of Wildlife Fisheries and AquacultureCollege of Forest ResourcesMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMS 39762‑9690USA School of Management Tianjin University of CommerceTianjin 300134People’s Republic of China Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 5117811543 RiyadhSaudi Arabia

This study comprehensively assessed long-term vegetation changes and forest fragmentation dynamics in the Himalayan temperate region of Pakistan from 1989 to *** satellite images,including Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager(OLI),were chosen for subsequent assessments in October 1989,2001,2011 and *** classified maps of 1989,2001,2011 and 2019 were created using the maximum likelihood ***-classification comparison showed an overall accuracy of 82.5%and a Kappa coefficient of 0.79 for the 2019 *** revealed a drastic decrease in closed-canopy and open-canopy forests by 117.4 and 271.6 km^(2),respectively,and an increase in agriculture/farm cultivation by 1512.8 km^(2).The two-way ANOVA test showed statistically significant differences in the area of various cover *** fragmentation was evaluated using the Landscape Fragmentation Tool(LFT v2.0)between 1989 and *** large forest core(>2.00 km^(2))decreased from 149.4 to 296.7 km^(2),and a similar pattern was observed in medium forest core(1.00-2.00 km^(2))*** the contrary,the small core(<1.00 km^(2))forest increased from 124.8 to 145.3 km^(2) in *** perforation area increased by 296.9 km^(2),and the edge effect decreased from 458.9 to 431.7 km^(2).The frequency of patches also increased by 119.1 km^(2).The closed and open canopy classes showed a decreasing trend with an annual rate of 0.58%and 1.35%,*** broad implications of these findings can be seen in the studied region as well as other global ecological *** serve as an imperative baseline for afforestation and reforestation operations,highlighting the urgent need for efficient management,conservation,and restoration *** on these findings,sustainable land-use policies may be put into place that support local livelihoods,protect ecosystem services,and conserve biodiversity.

关键词： Natural catastrophes Landsat Change detection Forest fragmentation Landscape fragmentation tool(LFT) Afforestation Reforestation

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Evaluating the Potential of Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin for *** UTIs: A Susceptibility Study

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第6期8卷 351-358页

作者： Usama Ahmed muhammad Zubair Baqaur Rehman Hafiz muhammad sultan Department of Medicine School of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen University Medical SchoolShenzhen 518060China Institute of Biological Sciences Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim Yar KhanPakistan Department of Biosciences COMSATS University IslamabadPark RdIslamabad Capital Territory 45550Pakistan Crop Diseases Research Institute(CDRI) National Agricultural Research Centre NARCIslamabadPakistan

This study was designed to find the susceptibility of Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin among urinary isolates of *** hundred(400)urine samples were collected for susceptibility of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin among urinary isolates of *** indoor and outdoor patients'urinary samples yielded growth of ***-stream urine specimens were inoculated on blood agar and CLED agar and incubated at 35±2°*** was observed,and Escherichia coli was identified by Gram staining,Catalase,Motility test and API 20E(Bio murex)as per standard *** susceptibility testing of isolates for nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin was carried out by the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines ATCC *** was used as a quality control strain.A total of 400 samples were tested susceptibility of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin among urinary isolates of *** during this period.A total of 400 samples yielded the growth of ***,out of which 178(44.5%)were male and 222(55.5%)were female *** males,18(10%)were tolerant to nitrofurantoin,and 2(1.1%)were tolerant to *** females,9(4.09%)were susceptible to nitrofurantoin while 6(2.72%)were susceptible to *** age groups below 45 years old,6(4.76%)were tolerant to nitrofurantoin,and 2(1.58%)were sensitive to *** 46-66 years old,4(2.81%)were sensitive to nitrofurantoin,and 3(2.11%)were sensitive to *** 67-90 years old,17(12.87%)were sensitive to nitrofurantoin,and 4(3.03%)were tolerant to *** and nitrofurantoin showed good susceptibility in urinary isolates of *** and can be used empirically in our setup.

关键词： E.coli Fosfomycin Nitrofurantoin Susceptibility Urinary isolates

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Targeting Cancers: Uncovering the Potential Roles of Potato Tissue Culture as Anti-Cancer Agents - A Secondary Publication

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Proceedings of Anticancer Research 2024年第3期8卷 36-50页

作者： Tehseen Sajid Jallat Khan Zulqarnain Abbas Hafiz muhammad sultan Mahnoor Mazhar muhammad Zubair muhammad Dilshad Kashif Kareem Institute of Biological Science Ground FloorBasic Sciences and Humanities BuildingKhwaja Fareed University of Engineering&Information TechnologyKFUEITRYKPakistan Institute of Plant Protection(Plant Pathology) MNS-University of Agriculture MultanPakistan Crop Diseases Research Institute(CDRI) National Agricultural Research Centre NARCIslamabadPakistan School of Chemistry University of Punjab LahorePakistan

Plant tissue culture is a technique that enhances the quality and quantity of potatoes. Potatoes are a significant crop and are primarily used in the world. It is a staple food in many countries, where millions of tonnes are produced annually. It is an essential source of many nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and beta-carotene. In addition, potatoes are being used as therapeutic agents against cancer and other human diseases as well. Potatoes are on the third list after wheat and rice. To overcome food shortages and malnutrition, there are two methods used for producing potatoes: the first is sexual, which is seed propagation, and the second is asexual, which is plant tissue culture propagation. Conventional potato breeding is a uniform method, but it is unsafe because there is a risk of pathogen attack. In a laboratory setting, the tissue culture of potatoes produced millions of plants with nutrient-rich medium under controlled environmental conditions that prevent pest attacks. Some environmental stresses, such as salinity and water scarcity, affect potato yield and production;however, applying nanoparticles like organic, inorganic, and silicon dioxide enhances potato quality and combats stress. Biotechnology has proven to be helpful in addressing all these issues. This review discusses the significance of potatoes, their production through the tissue culture technique, and the application of nanoparticles to improve the growth, and impact of potatoes on human health.

关键词： Cancer Nanoparticle Potato Tissue culture

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Experimental investigation of evaporative cooling systems for agricultural storage and livestock air-conditioning in Pakistan

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 617-631页

作者： Hafiz M.U.Raza muhammad sultan Majid Bahrami Alamgir A.Khan Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityBosan RoadMultan 60800Pakistan Laboratory for Alternative Energy Conversion(LAEC) School of Mechatronic Systems EngineeringSimon Fraser UniversitySurreyBCCanada Department of Agricultural Engineering Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University ofAgricultureMultan 60000Pakistan

Evaporative cooling(EC)is an ancient technique that is usually suitable for hot and dry climatic conditions due to the potential of water vapor *** this study,three kinds of evaporative cooling systems such as direct EC(DEC),indirect EC(IEC),and Maisotsenko cycle EC(MEC)were locally developed at *** performance of the systems was evaluated and compared for agricultural storage and livestock air-conditioning application in *** experiments were performed for climatic conditions of Multan city(Pakistan)and the data were collected for hourly and daily *** to the results,it was observed that the DEC system has the ability to reduce the temperature of ambient air to an average of 8.5℃.Whilst IEC and MEC systems were able to drop the temperature of ambient air to an average of 6.8℃and 8.9℃,*** per the results,the DEC system remained behind to provide desired conditions for livestock and agricultural product storage applications due to excessive *** the other hand,the IEC and MEC systems can achieve the desired conditions for livestock application,but could not provide feasible conditions for various fruits and vegetable *** study concludes that hybrid EC systems can be developed to provide desired conditions for a wide range of applications under varying climatic conditions.

关键词： evaporative cooling air-conditioning dew-point wet-bulb storage livestock

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Investigation of energy-efficient solid desiccant system for wheat drying

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第1期12卷 221-228页

作者： Shazia Hanif muhammad sultan Takahiko Miyazaki Shigeru Koyama Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu UniversityFukuoka 816-8580Japan Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan Faculty of Engineering Sciences Kyushu UniversityFukuoka 816-8580Japan International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research(WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu UniversityFukuoka 819-0395Japan

The study investigates the applicability of solid desiccant system for drying of freshly harvested wheat grains in order to reduce the moisture content to an optimum *** and low-temperature drying systems are required by today’s drying industries in order to provide economical and safe ***,comparison of desiccant drying has been made with the conventional method in terms of drying kinetics,allowable time for safe storage,the total time for drying cycle,and overall energy *** has been found that the air conditions of proposed desiccant drying system provides a high drying rate and longer allowable storage time for safe *** the desiccants possess water adsorbing ability by means of vapor pressure deficit,therefore,the desiccant system successfully provides low-temperature drying which ensures the quality of wheat *** energy consumption is estimated for both conventional hot air drying and desiccant drying *** has been found that the desiccant system requires less energy as drying is accomplished at minimum level of air flow and within allowable storage *** addition,the overall performance index of the desiccant system is higher at all *** study is useful for developing a low-cost and sustainable drying technology for various agricultural products.

关键词： desiccant solid desiccant system drying grain wheat performance evaluation

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The kinetics study of the reduction of Fast Green dye with cetylpyridinum chloride as cationic surfactant

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中国化学前沿:英文版 2011年第2期6卷 105-112页

作者： muhammad sultan Hajira TAHIR Khalid AHMED Qazi JAHANZEB Department of Chemistry University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan

The kinetics of the reaction of Fast Green dye(FG)with cetylpyridinum chloride was studied in alkaline medium by UV-Visible *** of Fast Green dye was carried out by varying the fast green dye concentration,cetylpyridinum chloride concentration and concentration of sodium *** the present study the reduction of dye was carried out in order to reduce the color *** interaction of dye was carried out with reducing analyte(cetylpyridinum chloride).The rate of the reaction was determined by varying the above parameters at different *** was observed that the reduction followed pseudo first-order kinetics with respect to dye,surfactant,OH–ion concentration according to the following reaction *** like entropy of activation(ΔS)and free energy of activation(ΔG)showed the extremely solvated states of transient complex which was less disorderly arranged than the oxidized form of dye,whereas Ea values reflects a high amount of energy required for the reduction of dye with cetylpyridinum chloride.

关键词： Fast Green cetylpyridinum chloride OH-ions decoloration cationic surfactant

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Effect of foreign ions for the determination of metal ion in the presence of surfactants

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中国化学前沿:英文版 2011年第3期6卷 243-247页

作者： Saba SAEED Hajira TAHIR muhammad sultan Qazi JAHANZEB Department of Chemistry University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan

Aluminum is the third most abundant metal in the Earth’s *** its ubiquitous nature it is present in small amount in living *** toxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal distinct clinical syndromes,including progressive and fatal encephalopathy and bone *** the present study,Al was selected for the analysis by complexometric *** method was based on the formation of a red colored ternary complex by the reaction of Aluminum with Aluminon(Aurin tricarboxylic acid triammonium salt)in the presence of micellar *** ternary complex of Aluminum with the surfactant Triton X-100 shows a maximum absorbance at 530 nm wavelength at pH 4.0 while with the sodium dodecyl sulfate it shows a maximum absorbance at 525 nm and at pH *** reaction was proceeded by the variation in pH and concentrations of surfactants,aluminon,*** effects on the reaction of aluminum with aluminon complex in micellar media were recorded by UV-visible *** reaction was found to be extremely rapid at room *** system obeys Lambert Beer’s law between 0.24 and 21.74μg/mL concentrations with Triton *** values of slope,intercept and correlation coefficients were 0.07,0.348 and 0.989,*** concentration varied between 0.24 and 24.14μg/mL with sodium dodecyl sulfate and the values of slope,intercept and correlation coefficients were 0.029,0.148 and 0.962,*** foreign ion effect was also tested by keeping the constant concentration of metal ion and determining its concentration in the presence of different foreign *** method was also applied for the determination of Al(III)in pharmaceutical formulations and water samples,which showed an excellent resemblance between reported and obtained results.

关键词： aluminum aluminon surfactants SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate) pharmaceutical formulations and water sample

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Experimental Design to Study the Effects of Low Intensity Magnetic on the Duality of Electron

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第7期9卷 1497-1504页

作者： sultan muhammad Maham Tariq Qurtuba University of Science and Technology Peshawar Compus Peshawar Pakistan

With significant appraisals to the Original Double-Slit experiment, an audit of nature of electron is drafted. Electron has been proven to demonstrate unpredictable nature. It should behave as a particle, but it shows variations in behaviour when it is passed through two slits. In the experiment, photons (high-intensity light) are utilized as a detector, due to which interference pattern effectuates after detection. The wave-function is collapsed. A contemporary model is proposed, in which magnetic field of low-intensity is applied to canvass ever-changing nature of electron.

关键词： Double-Slit Experiment Quantum Duality Measurements QED Electron

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Improving Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through Nitrogen Application under Semiarid Conditions

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第4期92卷 1001-1017页

作者： muhammad Rafiq muhammad Saqib Husnain Jawad Talha Javed Sadam Hussain muhammad Arif Baber Ali muhammad sultan Ali Bazmi Ghulam Abbas Marjan Aziz Mohammad Khalid Al-Sadoon Aneela Gulnaz Sobhi F.Lamlom muhammad Azeem Sabir Jameel Akhtar Agronomic Research Institute Ayub Agricultural Research InstituteFaisalabad38850Pakistan Depertment of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan Department of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad45320Pakistan Fodder Research Institute Sargodha Sargodha40100Pakistan Department of Agricultural Engineering Barani Agricultural Research InstituteChakwal48800Pakistan Department of Zoology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Biotechnology Yeungnam UniversityGyeongbuk38641Korea Plant Production Department Faculty of Agriculture Saba BashaAlexandria UniversityAlexandria21531Egypt Department of Forestry Range and Wildlife ManagementThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan

Nitrogen(N),the building block of plant proteins and enzymes,is an essential macronutrient for plant functions.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different N application rates(28,57,85,114,142,171,and 200 kg ha^(−1))on the performance of spring wheat(***-2016)during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 growing seasons.A control without N application was kept for *** years mean data showed optimum seed yield(5,461.3 kg ha^(−1))for N-application at 142 kg ha^(−1) whereas application of lower and higher rates of N did not result in significant and economically higher seed yield.A higher seed yield was obtained in the 2017–2018(5,595 kg ha^(−1))than in the 2018–2019(5,328 kg ha^(−1))growing seasons under an N application of 142 kg ha^(−1).It was attributed to the greater number of growing degree days in the first(1,942.35°C days)than in the second year(1,813.75°C).Higher rates of N(171 and 200 kg ha^(−1))than 142 kg ha^(−1) produced more number of tillers(i.e.,948,300 and 666,650 ha^(−1),respectively).However,this increase did not contribute in achieving higher *** of 142,171,and 200 kg ha^(−1) resulted in 14.15%,15.0%and 15.35%grain protein concentrations in comparison to 13.15%with the application of 114 kg ha^(−1).It is concluded that the application of N at 142 kg ha^(−1) could be beneficial for attaining higher grain yields and protein concentrations of wheat cultivar Ujala-2016.

关键词： Economical yield growing degree days nitrogen Ujala-2016 wheat

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Impacts of fuel feeding methods on the thermal and emission performance of modern coal burning stoves

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第3期12卷 160-167页

作者： Riaz Ahmad Yuguang Zhou Nan Zhao Crispin Pemberton-Pigott Harold John Annegarn muhammad sultan Renjie Dong Xinxin Ju Bioenergy and Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory College of EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100083China National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology Ministry of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100083China School of Geo-and Spatial Sciences Private Bag X6001North-West University2520 PotchefstroomSouth Africa Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityBosan RoadMultan 60800Pakistan Yantai Institute China Agricultural UniversityNo.2006 Binhai ZhongluLaishan DistrictYantaiShandong Province 264670China Shandong Sino-March Environmental Technology Co. Ltd.Yantai 264006China

The extensive use of traditional cooking and heating stoves to meet domestic requirements creates a serious problem of indoor and outdoor air *** study reports the impacts of two fuel feeding methods-front-loading and top-loading on the thermal and emissions performance of a modern coal-fired water-heating and cooking stove using a contextual test sequence that replicates typical patterns of domestic *** as a low-pressure boiler,when this stove was fueled with raw coal,the findings indicate that front-loading the fuel,which devolatilizes the new fuel gradually,produced consistently higher space heating efficiency and lower emission factors than top-loading the same stove,which devolatilizes new fuel all at *** the performance at both high and low power gave the similar results:front-loading with raw coal produced consistently better results than *** average water heating efficiency when front-loading was(58.6±2.3)%and(53.4±1.8)%for *** the sixteen-hour test sequence,front-loading produced 22%lower emissions of PM2.5(3.9±0.6)mg/MJNET than top-loading(4.7±0.9)mg/*** same pattern was observed for carbon monoxide and the CO/CO2 *** was reduced from(5.0±0.4)g/MJNET to(4.1±0.5)g/*** combustion efficiency(CO/CO2 ratio)improved from(8.2±0.8)%to(6.6±0.6)%.Briquetted semi-coked coal briquettes are promoted as a raw coal substitute,and the tests were replicated using this ***,the same pattern of improved performance was *** loading produced 3.5%higher heating efficiency,10%lower CO and a 0.9%lower CO/CO2 *** is concluded that,compared with top loading,the manufacturers recommended front-loading refueling behavior delivered better thermal,emissions and combustion performance under all test conditions with those two fuels.

关键词： stoves front-loading top-loading refueling domestic coal thermal efficiency PM2.5 emissions semi-coked coal briquettes

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