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作者： suleiman Haji suleiman 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

对外援助是二战之后出现的国际关系领域的新现象,经过60多年的发展,对外援助已经成为国际社会的重要议题之一。在非洲,几乎所有的国家,包括桑给巴尔在内,都在不同程度上接受国外援助。它们大都接受过来自西方国家(特别是美国)和中国的... 详细信息

对外援助是二战之后出现的国际关系领域的新现象,经过60多年的发展,对外援助已经成为国际社会的重要议题之一。在非洲,几乎所有的国家,包括桑给巴尔在内,都在不同程度上接受国外援助。它们大都接受过来自西方国家(特别是美国)和中国的对外援助。本文主要研究援助国(美国和中国)与受援国桑给巴尔之间的援助关系,分析对外援助对美国和中国实现其对桑给巴尔外交政策所起的作用。本文旨在比较美国和中国对桑给巴尔的对外援助,分析对外援助研究如何正确反映受援国的看法及参与情况,特别分析美国和中国对桑给巴尔对外援助的动机,比较在医疗领域中国和美国对桑吉巴尔的援助发挥了怎样的作用及两国同桑给巴尔的关系。本论文分为六章。第一章,概论。本章给出研究综述,由七个小节组成。第一节是研究背景,阐述了援助的本质及两国同桑给巴尔的独特关系。同时,指出本文的研究目标是比较美国和中国对桑给巴尔的对外援助。第二节是研究问题。给出研究背景并指出,问题的提出正是因为桑给巴尔奉行不结盟政策从而同受援国形成了一系列双边关系,很多学者关注对外援助关系中的政治和经济方面而忽视了公众的作用及他们的观点,因此,需要关注桑给巴尔对来自美国和中国的援助特别是医疗援助的看法。第三节是研究目标:分析对外援助为美国和中国实现其对桑给巴尔对外政策发挥了怎样的作用。第四节是具体的研究问题:“为什么桑给巴尔更欢迎来自中国而不是美国的对外援助?”本章第五节指出研究意义和贡献,帮助研究者进一步研究对外援助这一课题及其成就,丰富对对外援助的作用及其对受援国社会发展的影响的研究内容。第六节是研究方法。本文运用比较案例分析方法,将美国和中国对桑给巴尔的援助作为研究变量。同时,为了详细评估两个援助国同桑给巴尔的关系,本文采用来自桑给巴尔各方的数据作为研究来源,包括报纸、杂志、政府公告及出版物等,进行定性分析,分析过程运用内容分析法。第七节是对本章节的总结。第二章,理论框架。本章是对与本文研究问题相关的期刊、文章等的文献回顾,分为四个小节。首先是研究的理论基础,指出当前对外援助研究主要从援助效果、援助决心、援助分配三个方面展开。第二节是理论方法概述,比较了两种不同的对外援助态度:现实主义和自由主义,前者强调权利和自我利益,后者强调互利合作。第三节回顾了实证研究案例,以便构建研究本课题的概念框架。最后,分析对外援助研究如何正确反映受援国的看法及参与情况。第三章是中国对桑给巴尔对外援助情况分析。本章分析了中国对桑给巴尔的对外援助对实现其对桑给巴尔外交政策所起的作用。首先追溯了1960年代建立外交关系以来中国同桑给巴尔的关系,强调双边关系的两种模式,一是中国与作为坦桑尼亚共和国一部分的桑给巴尔的关系和中国与桑给巴尔自身的双边关系。第二节阐述了中国对外援助的医疗援助情况,包括毛泽东时期(1963-1978)的对外医疗援助政策、过渡时期(1978-1995)对外医疗援助政策及1999年至今的全面对外医疗援助政策。第三节分析了在中国对桑给巴尔外交政策中对外援助的作用。桑给巴尔方面认为对外援助在促进双边关系发展方面发挥的作用有:提供医疗援助的同时提升医疗服务水平;弘扬了中国外交,这是其获得国际支持的基础;促进了中国在桑给巴尔的投资,这种投资具有“无条件”对外援助和技术转让的特点;弘扬了中国的国际主义精神-白求恩精神,即中国医生薪酬很低但辛勤工作,全心服务于当地民众并赢得了良好的声誉。第四章分析了美国对桑给巴尔的援助。分析美国对桑给巴尔外交政策中对外援助发挥的作用。第一节阐述了美国同桑给巴尔的关系,美国同桑给巴尔的外交关系由来已久,始于1837年第一位美国领事到达桑给巴尔之时。作者指出美国对桑给巴尔援助的两种模式,即美国对坦桑尼亚联合政府的一般援助和同桑给巴尔革命政府的具体合作。第二节论述了美国对外援助的背景及冷战对美国对外援助政策的显著影响,由于一些学者认为如果没有冷战,美国将在马歇尔计划终止时停止其对外援助,本文特别论述了后冷战时期美国的对外援助政策。第三节分析了美国对桑给巴尔实施援助的动因。研究发现,与中国不同,美国的主要利益时展现其实力与地位。研究认为,美国对外援助的动因包括加强安全、增加影响力、获取商业利益、促进桑给巴尔民主化和人道主义。第五章是中国和美国对桑给巴尔援助的比较分析。本章探讨了两国对桑给巴尔援助的相同点和不同之处。通过比较,可以看出,两国在援助金额、援助目标(优先级)、援助的合作程度和援助附加条件等方面存在不同。研究表明,美国同时依靠国际和当地的非政府组织实施援助项目,而中国对桑给巴尔的援助主要通过两国政府的双边往来。而这也显示了中国对桑给巴尔的援助目的更广泛,超出了西方国家的预期。同样,桑给巴尔民众的态度显示同美国医疗队(CHW)相比,中国医疗队(CMT)因辛勤工作和奉献受到民众的认可,不仅因为其专业,也因其可信

关键词：对外援助中国对桑给巴尔援助美国对桑给巴尔援助对外援助比较

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Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome following the use of GnRH agonist trigger of final oocyte maturation and freeze-all strategy: A case report and review of the literature

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2022年第6期11卷 292-298页

作者： Dalia Khalife suleiman Ghunaim Lina El Taha Omar Odeh Natasha Habr Johnny Awwad Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityHaifa Idriss-ART UnitAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon School of Medicine The University of JordanAmmanJordan Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery American University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon

Rationale:The current literature has a surprising controversy regarding the use of low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)for luteal support as an explanation for the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,and this is because of the gap in the listing of the predisposing factors that put women at an increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation *** concerns:A case of 25-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain,distention,dyspnea,and nausea with a 6.5 kg increase in weight from *** examination showed bilaterally enlarged multicystic ovaries after gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist triggering and cycle segmentation with no hCG rescue ***:Moderate/severe ovarian hyperstimulation ***:The woman was admitted to the hospital for medical management of moderate/severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,and pain management was advanced to patient-controlled anesthesia with the start of low molecular weight *** day 2,albumin therapy followed by a furosemide chase was started due to an increase in abdominal *** day 1,Cabergoline was maintained,and on day 2 the GnRH antagonist Cetrorelix was ***:The woman’s clinical condition improved,and a clinical pregnancy was eventually achieved during the first cryo-warmed blastocyst ***:Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome can still happen even after the use of GnRH agonist and avoidance of hCG *** of in vitro fertilization with complete avoidance of hCG for luteal support remains the best approach.

关键词： Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist In vitro fertilization Human chorionic gonadotropin support Ovulation induction Reproductive endocrinology

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DESIGN OF INTERNETWORK MANAGEMENT BASED ON VLANs

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科技促进发展 2010年第8期6卷 261-261,262页

作者： Munir Said suleiman Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science University of Science & Technology of China

Implement VLANs essentially creating smaller broadcast domains at layer 2, means that broadcasts sent out from a node in one VLAN won't be forwarded to ports configured to belong to a different VLAN. In this paper, we assigning users to VLAN groups on a switch, this help to gain the flexibility to add only the users you want into that broadcast domain regardless of their physical location. This setup can also work to block broadcast storms caused by a faulty network interface card (NIC) as well as prevent an intermediate device from propagating broadcast storms throughout the entire internetwork.

关键词： VLANs 计算机网络局域网网络安全

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Telemedicine and Smart Healthcare—The Role of Artificial Intelligence, 5G, Cloud Services, and Other Enabling Technologies

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2023年第3期16卷 31-51页

作者： Taofik Ahmed suleiman Abdulkareem Adinoyi Department of Medical Imaging and Computing University of Girona Girona Spain Graduate School of Science and Technology Medical Imaging and Applications (MAIA) University of Burgundy Le Creusot France Department of Electrical and Information Engineering MAIA University of Cassino and Southern Lazio Cassino Italy Research and Innovation Department academy from stc Saudi Telecommunication Company (stc) Riyadh Saudi Arabia

This paper discusses telemedicine and the employment of advanced mobile technologies in smart healthcare delivery. It covers the technological advances in connected smart healthcare, including the roles of artificial intelligence, machine learning, 5G and IoT platforms, and other enabling technologies. It also presents the challenges and potential risks that could arise from delivering connected smart healthcare services. Healthcare delivery is witnessing revolutions engineered by the developments in mobile connectivity and the plethora of platforms, applications, sensors, devices, and equipment that go along with it. Human society is evolving fast in response to these technological developments, which are also pushing the connectivity-providing sector to create and adopt new waves of network technologies. Consequently, new communications technologies have been introduced into the healthcare system and many novel applications have been developed to make it easier for sharing data in various forms and volumes within health-related services. These applications have also made it possible for telemedicine to be effectively adopted. This paper provides an overview of some of the recent developments within the space of mobile connectivity and telemedicine.

关键词： Telemedicine Smart Healthcare 5G Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Internet-of-Medical-Things

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Corruption Typology： A Review of Literature

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Chinese Business Review 2017年第2期16卷 102-108页

作者： Naziru suleiman Zaleha Othman Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria Universiti Utara Malaysia Kedah Malaysia

Corruption is increasingly becoming a global phenomenon virtually affecting every part of the world. The effects have been very devastating particularly in the developing nations, by which to a large extent public service functions thrive in an environment heavily characterized by corruption. This paper reviews the relevant and related literature on corruption and then proposes a classification of the type of corruption based on the review.

关键词： corruption typology literature

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On Some Embedment of Groups into Wreath Products

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2021年第2期11卷 109-120页

作者： Enoch suleiman Muhammed Salihu Audu Department of Mathematics Federal University Gashua Yobe State Nigeria Department of Mathematics University of Jos Jos Nigeria

In this paper, we showed how groups are embedded into wreath products, we gave a simpler proof of the theorem by Audu (1991) (see [1]), also proved that a group can be embedded into the wreath product of a factor group by a normal subgroup and also proved that a factor group can be embedded inside a wreath product and the wreath product of a factor group by a factor group can be embedded into a group. We further showed that when the abstract group in the Universal Embedding Theorem is a p-group, cyclic and simple, the embedding becomes an isomorphism. Examples were given to justify the results.

关键词： Wreath Product Direct Product Homomorphism Embedding p-Group Cyclic Simple

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Alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary glands evoked by subacute chlorpyrifos administration in Wistar rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第8期2卷 645-650页

作者： Angela J Umosen suleiman F Ambali Joseph O Ayo Bisala Mohammed Chidiebere Uchendu Department of Veterinary Pharmacology Ahmadu Bello University Department of Veterinary Physiology Ahmadu Bello University Department of Veterinary Pathology Ahmadu Bello University

Objective:To evaluate the alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland induced by subacute chlopyrifos（CPF） exposure in ***:Forty adult male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 10 animals were used for the *** I received soya oil（2 mL/kg） while group II was administered with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg）.Group III was administered CPF only(8.5 mg/kg l/10th of the LD50) while group Ⅳ was pretreated with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg） and then exposed to CPF（8.5 mg/kg）,10 min *** regimens were administered by gavage once daily for a period of 28 *** the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed and the testicular tissues and pituitary glands were evaluated for the malonaldehyde（MDA） concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT）.Results:CPF increased MDA concentrations and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT in the testes and pituitary *** pretreatment reduced the testicular and pituitary MDA concentrations and improves the SOD and CAT ***:the study showed that subacute CPF-induced oxidative stress in the testes and pituitary glands were alleviated by melatonin due to its antioxidant property.

关键词： Chlorpyrifos Oxidative stress Testes Pituitary glands Alleviation Melatonin

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A Fast Pattern Matching Algorithm Using Changing Consecutive Characters

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2016年第8期9卷 399-411页

作者： Amjad Hudaib Dima suleiman Arafat Awajan Department of Computer Information Systems King Abdullah II for Information Technology The University of Jorda Amman Jordan Department of Computer Science King Hussein Faculty of Computer Sciences Princess Sumaya University for Technology Amman Jordan

Pattern matching is a very important algorithm used in many applications such as search engine and DNA analysis. They are aiming to find a pattern in a text. This paper proposes a Pattern Matching Algorithm Using Changing Consecutive Characters (PMCCC) to make the searching pro- cess of the algorithm faster. PMCCC enhances the shift process that determines how the pattern moves in case of the occurrence of the mismatch between the pattern and the text. It enhances the Berry Ravindran (BR) shift function by using m consecutive characters where m is the pattern length. The formal basis and the algorithms are presented. The experimental results show that PMCCC made enhancements in searching process by reducing the number of comparisons and the number of attempts. Comparing the results of PMCCC with other related algorithms has shown significant enhancements in average number of comparisons and average number of attempts.

关键词： Pattern Pattern Matching Algorithms String Matching Berry Ravindran EBR RS-A Fast Pattern Matching Algorithms

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Induction of Biochemical Changes in Santa Teriza Lime Leaves by Chitosan Application Influence Citrus Leaf Miner Damage

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第3期13卷 403-415页

作者： Batoul Ahmad Sawsan suleiman Mohammed Ahmad Horticulture Department Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University Lattakia Syria Plant Protection Department Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University Lattakia Syria

The effect of foliar spray of young lemon trees with Chitosan (CH) (200 - 300 - 400 ppm), on antioxidant enzymes activities (peroxidase POD, polyphenol oxidase PPO) and total phenolic content, and their influence on leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrella) activity (tunnel length and damage density) under field condition was investigated. The results showed that treatment with chitosan 300 ppm enhanced the total phenolic content (5.975 mg/g) and the POD activity (0.533 min-1 mg-1 protein), while PPO activity was increased by chitosan 200 ppm (1.394 ΔA/min/g FW). The results demonstrated as well that chitosan treatment has a beneficial effect in reducing leaf miner activity, by decreasing tunnel length and damage density.

关键词： Citrus Chitosan Peroxidase Polyphenol Oxidase Total Phenolic Content Phyllocnistis citrella

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Sweet Cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i>L.) Fruit Drop Reduction by Plant Growth Regulators (Naphthalene Acetic Acid NAA and Gibberellic Acid GA<sub>3</sub>)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第9期12卷 1338-1346页

作者： Ammar Askarieh Sawsan suleiman Mahasen Tawakalna Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research Damascus Syria Horticulture Department Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University Lattakia Syria Administration of Horticulture Research General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research Damascus Syria

This study was conducted during 2019/2020 on sweet cherry trees (Prunus Avium L.) (Bing and Hardy Giant) cultivar planted at Sergaya-Al_Zabadani area of Rural Damascus, to reduce fruit drop of sweet cherry. The experiment included 4 foliar applications: T1: control, T2: GA3 (100 ppm), T3: NAA (20 ppm), T4: (100 ppm GA3 + 20 ppm NAA). Fruit set and fruit drop percentage, fruiting factor, and yield were recorded. The results showed that treatment with (100 ppm GA3 + 20 ppm NAA) recorded higher fruit set percentage (73.81% and 75.62%), and fruiting factor (48.38% and 50.04%) respectively; In addition to fruit yield (40.19 and 41.21 kg/tree) for both cultivars, compared to the control (9.13, 6.60 kg/tree). Therefore, it can be concluded that GA3 + NAA treatment reduced Sweet cherry fruit drop better than other treatments, where fruit drop percentage didn’t exceed (63.11% and 62.01%) in both cultivars (Bing and Hardy Giant) respectively, compared to the control (80.92% and 80.64%).

关键词： Sweet Cherry Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Fruitset FruitDrop

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