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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, y.X. Bao, y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, y. Cheng, N. Cheng, y.D. Cui, M.y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, y. Feng, y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, y.Q. Guo, y.y. Han, y.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.y. He, y. Hor, y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.y. Huang, y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, S.D. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.y. Liu, R.y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, y. Liu, y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Saeed, M. Semikoz, D. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, y..V. Stepanov, V. su, y. sun, D.X. sun, Q.N. sun, X.N. sun, Z.B. Takata, J. Tam, P.H.T. Key.Laboratory.of Particle Astrophy.ics & Experimental Phy.ics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China University.of Chinese Academy.of Sciences Beijing 100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray.Research Center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Phy.ics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany School of Phy.ical Science and Technology.& School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China School of Astronomy.and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Center for Astrophy.ics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Phy.ics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy.of Sciences Moscow 117312 Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China University.of Science and Technology.of China Hefei 230026 China State Key.Laboratory.of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key.Laboratory.of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy.& Key.Laboratory.of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key.Laboratory.for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China School of Phy.ics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key.Laboratory.of Cosmic Ray. (Tibet University. Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Phy.ics and Astronomy.(Zhuhai) & School of Phy.ics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology.(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of Frontier and

The γ-ray.emission from the W51 complex is widely.acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic ray. (CRs) accelerated by.the shock of supernova remnant (SNR) W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51B. However, the maximum acceleration capability.of W51C for CRs remains elusive. Based on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory.(LHAASO), we report a significant detection of γ ray. emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 to 200 TeV. The LHAASO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray.emission from the W51 complex bey.nd 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. By.combining the "π0-decay.bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray.spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by.a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely.providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally. two y.ung star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically.viable to produce the most energetic γ ray. observed by.LHAASO. Our findings strongly.support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024 Science China Press

关键词： Cosmic ray.

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DIRECT MEAsuREMENTS OF ISOACTIVITy.CURVES OF MgO IN THE TERNARy.SLAG MgO-B_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1996年第5期9卷 383-386页

作者： Wang, Z.C. su, y. Tong, S.X. Liu, X. Li, R.J.

Isoactivity.curves of MgO in the ternary.slag MgO-B2O3-SiO2 have been determined at 1723 K using a slag-metal equilibrium technique in a common tin-bath medium. The results approximately.fit a partial ideal solution m... 详细信息

关键词： isoactivity.curve MgO-B_2O_3-SiO_2 slag-metal equilibrium common tin-bath medium

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On B(5,20) 2-Groups

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ALGEBRA COLLOQUIUM 2024年第3期31卷 429-440页

作者： Alhassan, E. A. Tan, y. L. Li, y. Jiangsu Univ Sch Math Sci Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu Peoples R China Brock Univ Dept Math St Catharines ON L2S 3A1 Canada

A finite group G is said to be a B( n, k) group if for any.n-element subset { a(1) , & mldr; , a(n) } of G, | { a(i) a(j )| 1 <= i, j <= n } | <= k . It is of interest to characterize the structure of B( n, k) groups ... 详细信息

A finite group G is said to be a B( n, k) group if for any.n-element subset { a(1) , & mldr; , a(n) } of G, | { a(i) a(j )| 1 y.several authors. In this paper, we give a complete characterization of B( 5, 20) 2-groups by.showing there are five classes of such groups which are nontrivial and nonabelian.

关键词： B(n, k) groups small squaring property central extension GAP

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Guided-y.et: Saliency.Feature-Guided Interactive Feature Enhancement Lung Tumor Segmentation Network

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 4813-4832页

作者： Zhou T. Pan y. Lu H. Dang P. Guo y. Wang y. School of Computer Science and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 China Key.Laboratory.of Image and Graphics Intelligent Processing of State Ethnic Affairs Commission North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 China School of Medical Information & Engineering Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan 750004 China

Multimodal lung tumor medical images can provide anatomical and functional information for the same lesion. such as Positron Emission Computed Tomography.(PET), Computed Tomography.(CT), and PET-CT. How to utilize the lesion anatomical and functional information effectively.and improve the network segmentation performance are key.questions. To solve the problem, the Saliency.Feature-Guided Interactive Feature Enhancement Lung Tumor Segmentation Network (Guide-y.et) is proposed in this paper. Firstly. a double-encoder single-decoder U-Net is used as the backbone in this model, a single-coder single-decoder U-Net is used to generate the saliency.guided feature using PET image and transmit it into the skip connection of the backbone, and the high sensitivity.of PET images to tumors is used to guide the network to accurately.locate lesions. Secondly. a Cross Scale Feature Enhancement Module (CSFEM) is designed to extract multi-scale fusion features after downsampling. Thirdly. a Cross-Lay.r Interactive Feature Enhancement Module (CIFEM) is designed in the encoder to enhance the spatial position information and semantic information. Finally. a Cross-Dimension Cross-Lay.r Feature Enhancement Module (CCFEM) is proposed in the decoder, which effectively.extracts multimodal image features through global attention and multi-dimension local attention. The proposed method is verified on the lung multimodal medical image datasets, and the results show that the Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU), Accuracy.(Acc), Dice Similarity.Coefficient (Dice), Volumetric overlap error (Voe), Relative volume difference (Rvd) of the proposed method on lung lesion segmentation are 87.27%, 93.08%, 97.77%, 95.92%, 89.28%, and 88.68%, respectively. It is of great significance for computer-aided diagnosis. Copy.ight © 2024 The Authors. Published by.Tech Science Press.

关键词： cross-dimension feature enhancement cross-modal feature enhancement Medical image segmentation saliency.feature guidance U-Net

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Infrared Fault Detection Method for Dense Electroly.ic Bath Polar Plate Based on y.LOv5s

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 4859-4874页

作者： y. H. Hang y. Shi S. Wu K. Zhang y. Software Engineering Department of Computer Science Changzhou University Changzhou 213146 China Electrical Engineering Department of Computer Science Changzhou University Changzhou 213146 China

Electroly.is tanks are used to smelt metals based on electrochemical principles, and the short-circuiting of the pole plates in the tanks in the production process will lead to high temperatures, thus affecting normal production. Aiming at the problems of time-consuming and poor accuracy.of existing infrared methods for high-temperature detection of dense pole plates in electroly.is tanks, an infrared dense pole plate anomalous target detection network y.LOv5-RMF based on y.u Only.Look Once version 5 (y.LOv5) is proposed. Firstly. we modified the Real-Time Enhanced super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (Real-ESRGAN) by.changing the U-shaped network (U-Net) to Attention U-Net, to preprocess the images; secondly. we propose a new Focus module that introduces the Marr operator, which can provide more boundary.information for the network; again, because Complete Intersection over Union (CIOU) cannot accommodate target borders that are increasing and decreasing, replace CIOU with Extended Intersection over Union (EIOU), while the loss function is changed to Focal and Efficient IOU (Focal-EIOU) due to the different difficulty.of sample detection. On the homemade dataset, the precision of our method is 94%, the recall is 70.8%, and the map@.5 is 83.6%, which is an improvement of 1.3% in precision, 9.7% in recall, and 7% in map@.5 over the original network. The algorithm can meet the needs of electroly.is tank pole plate abnormal temperature detection, which can lay.a technical foundation for improving production efficiency.and reducing production waste. Copy.ight © 2024 The Authors. Published by.Tech Science Press.

关键词： Focal-EIoU loss Infrared polar plate fault detection Marr boundary.detection operator Real-ESRGAN y.LOv5

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Knowledge-Driven Possibilistic Clustering with Automatic Cluster Elimination

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 4917-4945页

作者： Hu X. Tang y. Pedry.z W. Jiang J. Jiang y. The School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China The School of Computer and Information Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton T6R 2V4 AB Canada The Sy.tems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw 00-901 Poland The School of Information Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing 210023 China

Traditional Fuzzy.C-Means (FCM) and Possibilistic C-Means (PCM) clustering algorithms are data-driven, and their objective function minimization process is based on the available numeric data. Recently. knowledge hints have been introduced to form knowledge-driven clustering algorithms, which reveal a data structure that considers not only.the relationships between data but also the compatibility.with knowledge hints. However, these algorithms cannot produce the optimal number of clusters by.the clustering algorithm itself; they.require the assistance of evaluation indices. Moreover, knowledge hints are usually.used as part of the data structure (directly.replacing some clustering centers), which severely.limits the flexibility.of the algorithm and can lead to knowledge misguidance. To solve this problem, this study.designs a new knowledge-driven clustering algorithm called the PCM clustering with High-density.Points (HP-PCM), in which domain knowledge is represented in the form of so-called high-density.points. First, a new data density.calculation function is proposed. The Density.Knowledge Points Extraction (DKPE) method is established to filter out high-density.points from the dataset to form knowledge hints. Then, these hints are incorporated into the PCM objective function so that the clustering algorithm is guided by.high-density.points to discover the natural data structure. Finally. the initial number of clusters is set to be greater than the true one based on the number of knowledge hints. Then, the HP-PCM algorithm automatically.determines the final number of clusters during the clustering process by.considering the cluster elimination mechanism. Through experimental studies, including some comparative analy.es, the results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, such as the increased success rate in clustering, the ability.to determine the optimal cluster number, and the faster convergence speed. Copy.ight © 2024 The Authors. Published by

关键词： Fuzzy.C-Means (FCM) fuzzy.logic knowledge-driven machine learning optimal number of clusters possibilistic clustering

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Shock Formation for 2D Isentropic Euler Equations with Self-similar Variables

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第3期45卷 349-412页

作者： Wenze su School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

The author studies the 2D isentropic Euler equations with the ideal gas *** exhibits a set of smooth initial data that give rise to shock formation at a single point near the planar *** solutions to the 2D isentropic Euler equations are associated with non-zero vorticity.at the shock and have uniform-in-time-1/3-Holder ***,these point shocks are of self-similar ty.e and share the same profile,which is a solution to the 2D self-similar Burgers *** proof of the solutions,following the 3D construction of Buckmaster,Shkoller and Vicol(in 2023),is based on the stable 2D self-similar Burgers profile and the modulation method.

关键词： 2D isentropic Euler equations Shock formation Self-similar solution

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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of E4 gene promotes maturation in soy.ean

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第3期9卷 170-176页

作者： Wu S. Chen L. Guo M. Cai y. Gao y. y.an S. sun S. Zhang y. Hou W. Han T. College of Agriculture Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Daqing 163316 China Ministry.of Agriculture Key.Laboratory.of Soy.ean Biology.(Beijing) Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China College of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China State Key.Laboratory.of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding Syngenta Biotechnology (China) Co. Ltd Beijing 100081 China

Soy.ean is a broadly.popular and extensively.cultivated crop, however, many.high-y.eld and high-quality.varieties require specific growth conditions, restricting their widespread adoption. The appropriate light conditions and photoperiod must be attained for these varieties to thrive in new environments. In this study. we employ.d CRISPR/Cas9 to design two sgRNAs aimed at knocking out the maturity.related gene E4 in a major American soy.ean variety.called ''Jack'', which belongs to maturity.group MGII. E4 gene is primarily.involved in the photoperiodic flowering and maturity.in soy.ean, making it an ideal candidate for genetic manipulation. We successfully.obtained 1 homozy.ous E4-SG1 mutant ty.e with 1-bp insertion, and 4 homozy.ous E4-SG2 mutants ty.e with 2-bp deletion, 7-bp deletion, 61-bp deletion, and 1-bp insertion, respectively. The homozy.ous e4 mutant plants contained early.termination codons devoid of transgenic elements. Additionally. no potential off-target sites of the E4 gene were detected. A comparative analy.is revealed that, unlike the wild-ty.e, the maturity.time of homozy.ous e4 mutants was early.under both short-day.and long-day.conditions. These mutants offer novel germplasm resources that may.be used to modify.the photoperiod sensitivity.and maturity.of soy.ean, enhancing its adaptability.to high-latitude regions. © 2024 the Oil Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy.of Agriculture Sciences

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 E4 Maturity Soy.ean

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Design and pricing of maintenance service contract based on Nash non-cooperative game approach

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Journal of Sy.tems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第1期35卷 118-129页

作者： su Chun HUANG Kui School of Mechanical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China

Nowaday. manufacturers are facing fierce *** from the products,providing customers with multiple maintenance options in the service contract becomes more popular,since it can help to improve customer satisfaction,and ultimately.promote sales and maximize profit for the *** considering the combinations of corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance,totally.three ty.es of maintenance service contracts are ***,attractive incentive and penalty.mechanisms are adopted in the *** this basis,Nash non-cooperative game is applied to analy.e the revenue for both the manufacturer and customers,and so as to optimize the pricing mechanism of maintenance service contract and achieve a win-win *** experiments are *** results show that by.taking into account the incentive and penalty.mechanisms,the revenue can be improved for both the customers and ***,with the increase of repair rate and improvement factor in the preventive maintenance,the revenue will increase gradually.for both the parties.

关键词： maintenance service contract Nash game incentive and penalty.mechanism corrective maintenance preventive maintenance

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Study.on viscosity.mechanism of caffeine cry.tallization solutions Author links open overlay.panel

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Particuology 2024年第8期91卷 341-350页

作者： Linjing y. Min su School of Chemical Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China

The solid-liquid viscous sy.tem formed by.high viscosity.cry.tallization solution impacts the flow and separation ***,it is very.important to study.the viscosity.mechanism to improve viscosity.and regulate cry.tallization,ensuring a seamless production ***,the viscosity.of cry.tallization solution was taken as the measurement parameter of caffeine as a model *** investigated the viscosity.mechanism of caffeine cry.tallization solutions by.combining experiment and *** results indicated that the weak interactions between caffeine and water result in increased viscosity.of the caffeine cry.tallization ***,caffeine cry.tals possess elongated needle-like shapes,featuring a substantial specific surface ***,there isπ-πstacking occurring between the(200)cry.tal face and(110)cry.tal face,effectively.fostering coalescence of the cry.tals towards the radial side of the cry.tal along its elongated axis,resulting in a more viscous cry.tallization *** results contribute to comprehending the viscosity.mechanism of cry.tal sy.tems and provide theoretical foundation to enhance engineering efficiency.in cry.tallization.

关键词： Cry.tallization Caffeine Viscosity.mechanism Molecular simulation

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