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Hypothesis that alpha-amylase evokes regulatory mechanisms originating in the pancreas,gut and circulation,which govern glucose/insulin homeostasis

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世界糖尿病杂志:英文版(电子版) 2023年第9期14卷 1341-1348页

作者： Stefan G Pierzynowski Christine stier Kateryna Pierzynowska Department of Medical Biology Institute of Rural HealthLublin 20090Poland Department of Biology Lund UniversityLund 22362Sweden Anara AB Trelleborg 23132Sweden Department of General VisceralTransplantVascularand Pediatric Surgery and Division of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany Department of Surgical Endoscopy Sana HospitalHuerth 50354Germany Department of Animal Physiology The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and NutritionJablonna 05110Poland Anagram Therapeutics IncFraminghamMA 01701United States

The anti-incretin theory involving the abolishment of diabetes type(DT)II by some of methods used in bariatric surgery,first appeared during the early years of the XXI century and considers the existence of anti-incretin ***,to date no exogenous or endogenous anti-incretins have been *** concept of the acini-islet-acinar axis assumes that insulin intra-pancreatically stimulates alpha-amylase synthesis(“halo phenomenon”)and in turn,alphaamylase reciprocally inhibits insulin production,thus making alpha-amylase a candidate for being an ***,gut as well as plasma alphaamylase,of pancreatic and other origins,inhibits the appearance of dietary glucose in the blood,lowering the glucose peak after iv or oral glucose *** effect of alpha-amylase can be interpreted as an insulin down regulatory mechanism,possibly limiting the depletion of pancreatic beta cells and preventing their *** observations agree with the above statements,where patients with high blood alpha-amylase concentrations are seldom obese and seldom develop ***-DT2,as well as DT1 patients,usually develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency(EPI)and vice ***,DT2 patients develop DT1,when the pancreatic beta cells are exhausted and insulin production *** on biliopancreatic diversion(BPD)and on BPD with duodenal switch,a type of bariatric surgery,as well as studies on EPI pigs,allow us to observe and investigate the above-mentioned phenomena of intra-pancreatic interactions.

关键词： Pancreas Alpha-amylase Acini-islet-acinar axis Hyperglycaemia Bariatrics Insulin Incretins Glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide Glucagon-like peptide-1 Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic enzyme therapy Diabetes

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Post-ablation surveillance in Barrett's esophagus: A review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第17期22卷 4297-4306页

作者： Matthew W stier Vani J Konda John Hart Irving Waxman Department of Internal Medicine The University of Chicago Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine The University of Chicago Medicine Department of Pathology The University of Chicago Medicine

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a pre-malignant condition affecting up to 15% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Neoplastic Barrett’s mucosa is defined as harboring high grade dysplasia or intra-mucosal cancer, and carries a high risk of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The rising incidence of Barrett’s lesions along with the high morbidity of surgical approaches has led to the development of numerous validated endoscopic techniques capable of eradicating neoplastic mucosa in a minimally invasive manner. While there has been widespread adoption of these techniques, less is known about optimal surveillance intervals in the post-therapy period. This is due in part to limitations in current surveillance methods, questions about durability of treatment response and the risk of subendothelial progression. As we are now able to achieve organ sparing eradication of superficial neoplasia in BE, we need to also then focus our attention on how best to manage these patients after eradication is achieved. Implementing optimal surveillance practices requires additional understanding of the biology of the disease, appreciation of the limits of current tools and treatments, and exploration of the role of adjunctive technologies. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of current literature surrounding post-ablation surveillance in neoplastic BE.

关键词： Barrett’ s esophagus Endotherapy Post-ablation surveillance Neoplastic Radiofrequency ablation Endoscopic mucosal resection

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Weave geometry generation avoiding interferences for mesoscale RVEs

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第12期35卷 2869-2882页

作者： Daniel Höwer Shengkai Yu Trenton M.Ricks Brett A.Bednarcyk Evan J.Pineda Bertram stier Stefanie Reese Jaan-Willem Simon Institute of Applied Mechanics RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany NASA Glenn Research Center ClevelandOH 44135USA Collier Research and Development Corporation Newport NewsVA 23606USA

An algorithm which allows the generation of representative volume elements(RVEs) for complex woven and warp-interlaced fiber-reinforced composite topologies while avoiding unphysical tow intersections is presented. This is achieved by extending an existing RVE generation strategy in two significant ways:(1) the local cross section shape of the tow is adjusted depending on the local tow curvature in a way that preserves the cross sectional area of the tow, and(2) the elementary crimp interval is separated into a planar and a transition region. The modifications facilitate the generation of a wide range of elaborate textile topologies without tow intersections, which are present without the proposed modifications unless complex tow to tow contact models are introduced. The mechanical properties of plain weaves were predicted based on the topology generated with the proposed algorithm as well as based on RVEs which were constructed based on actual micrographs, i.e. a "digital twin" of the actual microstructure. A comparison of the predicted mechanical properties based on finite element and Multiscale Generalized Method of Cells techniques shows close agreement. However, some differences exist with respect to experimentally determined material parameters due to the finite dimensions of the specimens. Lastly,mechanical properties of multilayered weaves are predicted with the finite element method. The considered material systems are carbon fiber in epoxy matrix as well as C/C-SiC. However, the procedure is applicable to a wide range of material systems.

关键词： RVE generation Multiscale analysis Composites

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Tolerability of a Proprietary Larch Arabinogalactan Extract: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial in Healthy Subjects

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第11期3卷 1533-1538页

作者： Barbara Grube Heike stier Linda Riede Joerg Gruenwald Analyze & Realize ag Waldseeweg 6 13467 Berlin Germany. Kurfürstendamm 157/158 10709 Berlin Germany

In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, the tolerability of a proprietary larch arabinogalactan preparation (ResistAidTM) was investigated. METHODS: 199 healthy participants were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (n = 98) or an arabinogalactan preparation (n = 101) over a period of 12 weeks. As safety parameters the total number of adverse events, changes in various biochemical and laboratory parameters as well as the global evaluation of tolerability by investigator and subjects compared to placebo were evaluated. RESULTS: In total 16 adverse events were observed in 16 subjects, with no difference between the arabinogalactan and the placebo group (p = 0.935). There were no differences in the mean changes of the measured biochemical and laboratory parameters. The tolerability of the arabinogalactan extract was rated as “very good” or “good” by the investigators for 99% of the subjects and by 98% subjects in self-assessment with no statistical differences to placebo. CONCLUSION: The measured parameters as well as the evaluation of the tolerability by the investigators and the subjects demonstrate a very good tolerance profile of the proprietary arabinogalactan extract with no differences to placebo when taken for 12 weeks.

关键词： Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study Proprietary Larch Arabinogalactan Safety Tolerability Resist AidTM

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Uromedic^(■) Pumpkin Seed Derived Δ7-Sterols, Extract and Oil Inhibit 5α-Reductases and Bind to Androgen Receptor in Vitro

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第6期9卷 193-207页

作者： Stefan Heim Stephanie Seibt Heike stier Margret I More Omega Pharma Manufacturing GmbH&Co.KG Benzstr.25HerrenbergGermany analyze & realize GmbH Department of Consulting and Strategic InnovationWaldseeweg 6BerlinGermany

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is implicated in the development of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). We investigated if Uromedic? pumpkin (variety of Cucurbita pepo L. convar. citrullinina GREB. var. styriaca GREB) seed soft extract (active ingredients of GRANUFINK? Prosta forte 500 mg), seed oil and isolated Δ7-sterols could inhibit the conversion of [1,2,6,7-3H(N)]-testosterone to DHT by 5α-reductases. Also, we tested competition with [3H]-DHT for binding to the androgen receptor (AR). Pumpkin seed oil and pumpkin seed soft extract were identified as moderately active inhibitors of 5α-R1 and 5α-R2, with almost similar inhibitory capacities (IC50 5 mg/ml for 5α-R1 and about IC50 = 6 mg/ml for 5α-R2). The isolated Δ7-sterols were more active inhibitors (IC50 = 0.3 mg/ml for 5α-R1, IC50 = 1.0 mg/ml for 5α-R2). All three test compounds bound to the AR dose-dependently, with strong binding by Δ7-sterols (IC50 = 0.2 mg/ml) and weaker binding by pumpkin seed oil (IC50 = 0.4 mg/ml) and pumpkin seed soft extract (IC50 = 1.1 mg/ml). We propose that inhibition of 5α-reductases and competitive binding to the AR are mechanisms of action, by which the Uromedic? pumpkin seed derived test compounds, most specifically Δ7-sterols, counteract DHT and thereby exert clinically positive effects on the prostate, as well as bladder-strengthening effects.

关键词： 5-Alpha-Reductases 5α-R1 and 5α-R2 Androgen Receptor Dihydrotestosterone Uromedic? Pumpkin Seed Oil and Soft Extract (Delta-7) Δ7-Sterols

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A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Nutritional Study Using an Insoluble Yeast Beta-Glucan to Improve the Immune Defense System

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第6期3卷 738-746页

作者： Hans-Joachim Graubaum Regina Busch Heike stier Joerg Gruenwald Analyze & Realize AG Berlin Germany.

Purpose: In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, the effect of an insoluble yeast beta-glucan preparation on the incidences of common colds and its effect on common cold symptoms were compared to placebo. Methods: 100 healthy participants with recurring infections were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or yeast beta-glucan (Yestimun?;n = 50 each group) over a period of 26 weeks. The subjects had to document each common cold episode in a diary, and rate 6 predefined infections symptoms on a 3-point rating scale during an infection period, resulting in an infection score. The common cold episodes were confirmed by the investigators. Results: A total of 171 common cold episodes were documented. Of these, 76 were experienced by 38 subjects in the beta-glucan group and 96 were experienced by 48 subjects in the placebo group (p = 0.406). The beta-glucan group had significantly more subjects without incidences of common cold than the placebo group (15.6% vs 2.0%;p = 0.019). During the most intense infection season (first 13 weeks of the study), the beta-glucan group had significantly less infections compared to placebo (p = 0.02). Beta-glucan significantly reduced the typical cold symptoms (“sore throat and/or difficulty swallowing”, “hoarseness and/or cough” and “runny nose”) as opposed to placebo. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a prophylactic effect of yeast beta-glucan on the occurrence of common colds as opposed to placebo. In addition, when these episodes occurred, they were from the beginning less pronounced and subsided faster.

关键词： Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study Insoluble Yeast Beta-Glucan Common Cold Immune System

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