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The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese J. Thibodeaux Philip m. Urso Stanley F. Kelley marcy m. Beverly Chris R. stewart Ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estimated impact of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirements for cervids are determined through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on differences in dry matter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rumens were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm water. Rumen contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 mg/kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 mg/kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatment groups. Average dry matter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or Om between the treatment groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this methodology did prove to be viable and functional for microbial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with multiple experimental units to confirm the observations of increased digestibility. Formal nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for more efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDmD In Vitro Cervids

Genetic Enhancement of Indigenous Cowpea with Gamma-Ray Induced Trait Variation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 651-676页

作者： mathurin Tiergnin Dabiré minimassom Philippe Nikiéma Djibril Yonli Safiatou Sanna Wossoguim Josué Gouba Siébou Palé Hamidou Traoré Joseph T. B. Batieno Varra Prasad Zacharia stewart Jan B. middendorf Abhishek Rathore Anupama J. Hingane Unit de Formation et de Recherches en Sciences et Technologies Dpartement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan USA Center for Agriculture-Led Growth Bureau for Resilience and Food Security United States Agency for International Development United States Agency for International Development Washington DC USA International maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CImmYT) ICRISAT Campus Patancheru India Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Seibersdorf Vienna Austria

Production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), a staple legume crop in Sub-Saharan Africa, faces challenges due to biotic and abiotic constraints. Induced mutagenesis was deployed to create genetic variation in two cowpea varieties (KVX396-4-5-2D and moussa local). The radio-sensitivity tests led to determe the lethal dose 50 (LD50) corresponding to 230 Gy and 220 Gy for KVX396-4-5-2D and moussa local varieties, respectively. Dried seeds (m0) of each variety were gamma-ray irradiated with LD50 − 50, LD50 and LD50 + 50. m1 seeds were advanced to generate m2, m3 and m4 mutants using the single-seed-descent method. m4 mutant lines were evaluated in rain-fed conditions using a randomized complete block design to assess phenotypic differences. Data on seven qualitative and eleven quantitative traits were collected. The results indicated that the mutation induced variability in three qualitative traits: in KVX 396-4-5-2D mutant lines, with flower and seed color frequencies at 2.61% and 0.56% respectively, and pod dehiscence at a frequency of 0.24%. While in moussa local mutants, a pod color changed at a frequency of 17%. ANOVA results revealed significant differences between mutants of both varieties for all quantitative traits, including photosynthetic parameters. Positive correlations were observed between leaf diameter and 100-seed weight, and between branch number and 100-seed weight. Hierarchical clustering revealed three clusters among KVX 396-4-5-2D mutants and six clusters among moussa local mutants. Early maturity and high foliage were induced traits in Cluster 3 of KVX 396-4-5-2D mutants while high hundred-seed weight was induced in Cluster 6 of moussa local mutants.

关键词： Cowpea mutagenesis Gamma Rays Radio-Sensitivity Phenotyping

Diffusion tensor imaging in the courtroom:Distinction between scientific specificity and legally admissible evidence

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第19期11卷 4477-4497页

作者： Jennifer Christine van Velkinburgh mark D Herbst stewart m Casper Science Communication Filipodia Publishing LLCSanta FeNM 87505United States Diagnostic Radiology Independent Diagnostic Radiology IncSt PetersburgFL 33711United States Personal Injury Law Casper&DeToledo LLCStamfordCT 06905United States

Interest and uptake of science and medicine peer-reviewed literature by readers outside of a paper’s topical subject,field or even discipline is *** the application of knowledge from one field or discipline to others can stimulate innovative solutions to problems facing modern society,it is also fraught with danger for *** the practice of law in the United States,academic papers are submitted to the courts as evidence in personal injury litigation from both the plaintiff(complainant)and *** transcendence of an academic publication over disciplinary boundaries is immediately met with the challenge of application by a group that inherently lacks in-depth knowledge on the scientific method,the practice of evidence-based medicine,or the publication process as a structured and internationally synthesized process involving peer review and guided by ethical standards and norms.A modern-day example of this is the ongoing conflict between the sensitivity of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and the legal standards for admissibility of evidence in litigation cases of mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI).In this review,we amalgamate the peer-reviewed research on DTI in mTBI with the court’s rationale underlying decisions to admit or exclude evidence of DTI abnormalities to support claims of brain *** found that the papers which are critical of the use of DTI in the courtroom reflect a primary misunderstanding about how diagnostic biomarkers differ legally from relevant and admissible *** clinical use of DTI to identify white matter abnormalities in the brain at the chronic stage is a valid methodology both clinically as well as forensically,contributes data that may or may not corroborate the existence of white matter damage,and should be admitted into evidence in personal injury trials if supported by a *** also delve into an aspect of science publication and peer review that can be manipulated by scientists and clinicians to

关键词： Diffuse axonal injury mild brain injury magnetic resonance imaging Neuroimaging medicolegal Litigation medical jurisprudence Ethics Peer review Publishing

The role of rumen epithelial urea transport proteins in urea nitrogen salvage:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 304-313页

作者： Chongliang Zhong Ruijun Long Gavin S.stewart College of Ecology State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystemsLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinDublinIreland

The symbiotic relationship between the host and the rumen microbiome plays a crucial role in ruminant *** of the most important processes enabling this relationship is urea nitrogen salvaging(UNS).This process is important for both maintaining ruminant nitrogen balance and supporting production of their major energy supply,bacterially-derived short chain fatty acids(SCFA).The key step in UNS is the trans-epithelial movement of urea across the ruminal wall and this is a highly regulated *** the molecular level,the key transport route is via the facilitative urea transporter-B2,localized to ruminal papillae epithelial *** urea transport through aquaporins(AQP),such as AQP3,is now also viewed as ***-term regulation of these ruminal urea transport proteins appears to mainly involve dietary fermentable carbohydrates;whereas,transepithelial urea transport is finely regulated by local conditions,such as CO_(2) levels,pH and SCFA *** the key principles of ruminal urea transport physiology are now understood,there remains much that is unknown regarding the regulatory *** reason for this is the limited number of techniques currently used in many studies in the ***,future research in this area that combines a greater range of techniques could facilitate improvements to livestock efficiency,and potentially,reductions in the levels of waste nitrogen entering the environment.

关键词： Urea nitrogen salvaging Rumen Urea transporter Aquaporin UT-B AQP

microchip imaging cytometer:making healthcare available,accessible,and affordable

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2022年第11期5卷 1-15页

作者： Xilong Yuan Todd Darcie Ziyin Wei J stewart Aitchison Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3G4Canada

The microchip Imaging Cytometer(mIC)is a class of integrated point-of-care detection systems based on the combination of optical microscopy and flow *** devices have the attributes of portability,cost-effectiveness,and adaptability while providing quantitative measurements to meet the needs of laboratory testing in a variety of healthcare *** on the use of microfluidic chips,mIC requires less sample and can complete sample preparation ***,they can provide quantitative testing results simply using a finger prick *** decreased reagent consumption and reduced form factor also help improve the accessibility and affordability of healthcare services in remote and resource-limited *** this article,we review recent developments of the microchip Imaging Cytometer from the following aspects:clinical applications,microfluidic chip integration,imaging optics,and image ***,we provide an outlook of the field and remark on promising technologies that may enable significant progress in the near future.

关键词： microchip microfluidics flow cytometer imaging cytometer biosensors point-of-care testing biomedical engineering

Localization of urea transporter B in the developing bovine rumen

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 216-222页

作者： Chongliang Zhong Tamsin Lyons Orla Heussaff Evelyn Doyle Eoin O'Hara Sinead m.Waters David Kenny Gavin S.stewart School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreTeagascGrangeCounty MeathIreland Department of Agriculture Foodand Nutritional SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Urea nitrogen secreted from blood to rumen is a crucial factor shaping the symbiotic relationship between host ruminants and their microbial *** of urea across rumen epithelia is facilitated by urea transporter B(UT-B),but the long-term regulation of these proteins remains *** ruminal function develops over a period of months,the developing rumen is an excellent model with which to investigate this *** rumen epithelium samples of calves from birth to 96 d of age,this study performed immunolocalization studies to localize and semi-quantify UT-B protein *** expected,preliminary experiments confirmed that ruminal monocarboxylate transporter 1(mCT1)short chain fatty acid transporter protein abundance increased with age(Pminal UT-B was present in the first few weeks of life and initially detected in the basolateral membrane of stratum basale *** the next 2 months,UT-B staining spread to other epithelial layers and semi-quantification indicated that UT-B abundance significantly increased with age(Pment of rumen function after the advent of solid feed intake and weaning,exhibiting a similar pattern to both mCT1 transporters and papillae *** study therefore confirmed age-dependent changes of in situ ruminal UT-B protein,adding to our understanding of the long-term regulation of ruminal urea transporters.

关键词： UT-B Immunolocalization Rumen Bovine Development

A new guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents that stimulates further thought and discussion

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Science Bulletin 2018年第23期63卷 1527-1528页

作者： Julian m.stewart Physiology and medicine Center for HypotensionThe New York Medical CollegeValhallaNY 10595USA

A new guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was published by Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society (CPCS)[1].This guideline admirably outlines a differential diagnosis of syncope in the Chinese population,placing appropriate emphasis on vasovagal syncope (VVS,simple faint), the most common *** authors appropriately discuss other more ominous causes of syncope such as cardiogenic syncope and neurogenic orthostatic *** particular,cardiogemc syncope can have lethal consequences if not promptly treated.

关键词： Children Adolescent syncope CPCS

Generalised Chain Conditions,Prime Ideals,and Classes of Locally Finite Lie Algebras

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Algebra Colloquium 2021年第1期28卷 63-86页

作者： Falih A.m.Aldosray Ian stewart Department of mathematics Umm Al-Qura UniversityP.O.Box 56199MakkahSaudi Arabia mathematics Institute University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

A Noetherian(Artinian)Lie algebra satisfies the maximal(minimal)condition for *** include quasi-Noetherian and quasi-Artinian Lie *** study conditions on prime ideals relating these *** prove that the radical of any ideal of a quasi-Artinian Lie algebra is the intersection of finitely many prime ideals,and an ideally finite Lie algebra is quasi-Noetherian if and only if it is *** properties are equivalent to *** also prove a structure theorem for serially finite Artinian Lie algebras.

关键词： Lie algebra chain condition prime ideal radical locally finite

Aphids and their transmitted potato viruses: A continuous challenges in potato crops

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 367-375页

作者： XU Yi stewart m.GRAY Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-microbe Biology School of Integrated Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14850USA Emerging Pest and Pathogens Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research ServiceIthacaNY 14850USA

Aphid is one of the most destructive insect pests on cultivated plants in temperate *** piercing-sucking mouthparts and phloem feeding behavior directly damage crops and deplete plant ***(Solanum tuberosum L.)is one of the most important food sources on the planet,and several aphid species,e.g.,myzus persicae(Sulzer)(green peach aphid)and macrosiphum euphorbiae(Thomas)(potato aphid)(Hemiptera:Aphididae)colonize potato and transmit several economically important ***-transmitted potato viruses have been emerging all over the world as a very serious problem in potato production,inducing a wide variety of foliar and tuber symptoms,leading to severe yield reduction and loss of tuber *** this review,recent advances in understanding the interactions of potato viruses with their hosts,aphid vectors and the environment are described.

关键词： aphids virus potato vector transmission