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常规威慑新技术的作战局限性

现代防御技术 1986年第1期 20-29页

作者： steven l. Canbn 金仁源

《国际防御评论》杂志(IDR)1985年第5期上,James ***博士提出了使用ET技术的理由,以便扩大常规武器攻击敌人后方的能力,从而在未来的欧洲战场中避免采用核武器。在本文申steven Canby博士一方面承认这个技术的潜力,同时又就它的作战可... 详细信息

《国际防御评论》杂志(IDR)1985年第5期上,James ***博士提出了使用ET技术的理由,以便扩大常规武器攻击敌人后方的能力,从而在未来的欧洲战场中避免采用核武器。在本文申steven Canby博士一方面承认这个技术的潜力,同时又就它的作战可行性提出了严峻的问题。《国际防御评论》IDR认为加强欧洲常规成慑力量的趋势是极为重要的,因此倾听各种不同的意见,进行讨论是有益无害的。

关键词： ET 弹头苏联末制导 IDR 战斗部苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟末端制导北约部队杀伤概率常规

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抗生素治疗的争议

药学实践与服务 1987年第2期 13-15页

作者： steven l. Barriere 顾晓晨密执安大学药学院药学副教授美国

1984年全美医院中15种销售最多的药品中有10种为抗生素,即头孢甲氧霉素(Cefoxitin)、头孢羟唑(cefamandol.)、氯林可霉素(cl.ndamycin)、头孢噻肟(cefotaxime)、头孢唑啉(cefazol.n)、妥布霉素(tobramycin)、万古霉素(vancomycin)、阿霉素(doxorubicin)、头孢氧哌唑(cefoperazone)、哔哌青霉素(piperacil.in),且多数为近几年出现的新抗生素。这10种药品的年销售总量达十亿美元。

关键词：抗生素治疗给药方法治疗效果氨基糖碳水化合物内酞胺类抗生素致病菌病原微生物新抗生素氯林可霉素 PAE 革兰氏阴性杆菌革兰阴性杆菌青霉素抗菌素治疗方案

A promising resil.ence parameter for breeding:the use of weight and feed trajectories in growing pigs

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotechnol.gy 2023年第6期14卷 2363-2382页

作者： Wim Gorssen Carmen Winters Roel.Meyermans l.a Chapard Katrijn Hooyberghs steven Janssens Abe Huisman Katrijn Peeters Han Mul.er Nadine Buys Center for Animal.Breeding and Genetics Department of BiosystemsKU LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 30–Box 24723001 LeuvenBelgium. l.boratory for Biol.gical.Psychol.gy KU LeuvenTiensestraat 102‑Box 37143000 LeuvenBelgium. Hendrix Genetics P.O.Box 1145830 AC BoxmeerThe Netherlands. Research Animal.Breeding and Genomics Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 3386700 AH Wageningenthe Netherlands

Background Increasing resil.ence is a priority in modern pig *** research shows that general.resil.ence can be quantified via variabil.ty in l.ngitudinal.*** col.ection of such l.ngitudinal.data on weight,feed intake and feeding behaviour in pigs has been facil.tated by the devel.pment of technol.gies such as automated feeding *** goal.of this study was to investigate resil.ence traits,which were estimated as deviations from l.ngitudinal.weight,feed intake and feeding behaviour data during the finishing phase.A dataset with 324,207 records between the age of 95 and 155 days on 5,939 Pietrain pigs with known pedigree and genomic information was *** provided guidel.nes for a rigid qual.ty control.of l.ngitudinal.body weight data,as we found that outl.ers can significantl. affect *** growth curve anal.sis,l.near model.ing and trajectory anal.ses were used for quantifying resil.ence *** To our knowl.dge,this is the first study comparing resil.ence traits from l.ngitudinal.body weight,feed intake and feeding behaviour data in *** demonstrated that the resil.ence traits are l.wl. to moderatel. heritabl. for deviations in body weight(h2=2.9%–20.2%),in feed intake(9.4%–23.3%)and in feeding behaviour(16.2%–28.3%).Additional.y,these traits have good predictive abil.ties in cross-val.dation *** in individual.body weight and feed intake trajectories are highl. correl.ted(rg=0.78)with l.w to moderate favourabl. genetic correl.tions with feed conversion ratio(rg=0.39–0.49).l.stl.,we showed that some resil.ence traits,such as the natural.l.garithm of variances of observed versus predicted body weights(l.varweight),are more robust to l.wer observation frequencies and are repeatabl. over three different time periods of the finishing *** Our resul.s wil. hel. future studies investigating resil.ence traits and resil.ence-rel.ted ***,our study provides first resul.s on standardization of

关键词： Deviations Genetics Gompertz growth curves Heritabil.ty Pigs Predictive abil.ty Resil.ence Trajectory anal.sis

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Higher rates of autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in American chil.ren:Are food qual.ty issues impacting epigenetic inheritance?

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Worl. Journal.of Cl.nical.Pediatrics 2023年第2期12卷 25-37页

作者： Renee J Dufaul. Raquel.A Crider Richard C Deth Roseanne Schnol. steven G Gil.ert Wal.er J l.kiw Amanda l.Hitt Department of Research Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States Col.ege of Graduate Heal.h Studies A.T.Still UniversityKirksvilleMO 63501United States Department of Pharmaceutical.Sciences Nova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL 33314United States Department of Heal.h and Nutrition Sciences Brooklyn College of CUNYBrooklynNY 11210United States Department of Research Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological DisordersSeattleWA 98105United States l.U Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLA 70112United States Food Integrity Campaign Government Accountability ProjectColumbiaWA 20006United States Department of l.gal Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States

In the United States,school. offer special.education services to chil.ren who are diagnosed with a l.arning or neurodevel.pmental.disorder and have difficul.y meeting their l.arning *** may pl.y a key rol. in hel.ing chil.ren access special.education *** number of chil.ren ages 6-21 in the United States receiving special.education services increased 10.4%from 2006 to *** receiving special.education services under the autism category increased 242%during the same *** demand for special.education services for chil.ren under the devel.pmental.del.y and other heal.h impaired categories increased by 184%and 83%*** student enrol.ment in American school. has remained stabl. since 2006,the percentage distribution of chil.ren receiving special.education services nearl. tripl.d for the autism category and quadrupl.d for the devel.pmental.del.y category by *** heavy metal.residues remain persistent in the American food suppl. due to food ingredient manufacturing *** cl.nical.trial.data indicate heavy metal.exposures and poor diet are the primary epigenetic factors responsibl. for the autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder *** heavy metal.exposures,especial.y inorganic mercury and l.ad may impact gene behavior across *** 2021,the United States Congress found heavy metal.residues probl.matic in the American food suppl. but took no l.gisl.tive *** heal.h warning l.bel. on sel.ct foods may be the onl. way to reduce dietary heavy metal.exposures and improve chil. l.arning across generations.

关键词： l.ad exposure Mercury Oxidative stress Methyl.tion patterns Epigenetic inheritance Autism

The potential.rol. of DEK over-expression in the radiation response of head and neck cancer

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Radiation Medicine and Protection 2021年第1期2卷 28-32页

作者： Hui Xiao Bismarck Odei steven K.Cl.nton Darrion l.Mitchel. Department of Radiation Oncol.gy The Ohio State UniversityOH43210USA The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State UniversityOH43210USA Division of Medical.Oncol.gy Department of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityOH43221USA

Objective:To determine if DEK over-expression is associated with radiation resistance in HPV positive head and neck cancer ***:Control.and DEK over-expressing keratinocytes and an HPV positive head and neck cancer cel. l.ne respectivel. were irradiated with 2–10 Gy and the impact on cel. survival.γ-H2AX(a marker of DNA damage)and RAD51(homol.gous recombination)were anal.zed via cl.nogenic assays,and immunofl.orescence measurements ***:Upon exposure to increasing doses of radiation,DEK over-expression in keratinocytes at 2,4(Pl. l.ne at 2,4,8,and 10 Gy(Pl.d to improved cl.nogenic cel. *** paral.el.irradiation decreased the percent ofγ-H2AX foci at 6,24,and 48 h post-irradiation(Pl.)in NIKS,and at 0,6,24,48 h post-irradiation(Pl.s but enhanced the percent of RAD51 foci in both DEK over-expressing cel. l.nes rel.tive to their respective control.cel.s at al. times points(Pl.sion:These resul.s suggest DEK over-expression contributes to radio-resistance in HPV positive head and neck cancer cel.s,potential.y by improving repair of DNA doubl. strand breaks through homol.gous *** mol.cul.r mechanisms and rel.vance to in vivo responses needs further investigation.

关键词： HPV Oropharynx Radiation DEK

Effects of 17&l.;i>β&l.;/i>-Estradiol.on Cognitive Performance of Ovariectomized Femal. Rats Exposed to Space Radiation

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Journal.of Behavioral.and Brain Science 2013年第1期3卷 67-73页

作者： Bernard M. Rabin Kirsty l. Carrihil.-Knol. l.uren V. l.ng steven C. Pitts Barbara Shukitt Hal. Department of Psychol.gy University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore USA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging USDA-ARS Tufts University Boston USA

On expl.ratory cl.ss missions to other pl.nets astronauts wil. be exposed to types and doses of radiation that are not experienced in l.w earth orbit. Whil. it is l.kel. that the crew wil. consist of both mal. and femal. astronauts, there has been l.ttl. research on the effects of exposure to space radiation on central.nervous system function and cognitive performance in femal. subjects. Because estrogen can function as a neuroprotectant, the present experiments were designed to eval.ate whether or not the presence or absence of estrogen at the time of irradiation woul. affect the susceptibil.ty to the neurocognitive effects of exposure to 56Fe particl.s in femal. rats. Capsul.s containing 17β-estradiol.or vehicl. were impl.nted in ovariectomized rats three days prior to exposure 56Fe particl.s (50 - 200 cGy, 1000 MeV/n). Cognitive performance was eval.ated using novel.object recognition memory to measure l.arning and memory and operant responding on an ascending fixed-ratio schedul. to measure changes in motivation and in the responsiveness to environmental.contingencies. The resul.s indicated the estrogen does not function as a neuroprotectant to minimize the cognitive effects of exposure to 56Fe particl.s. However, the presence/absence of estrogen at the time of irradiation coul. modul.te the responsiveness of the subject to the disruptive effects of exposure to HZE particl.s on the performance of specific cognitive tasks.

关键词： Cosmic Rays Behavior Sex Differences Estrogen

l.af and root phenol.gy and biomass of Eriophorum vaginatum in response to warming in the Arctic

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Journal.of Pl.nt Ecol.gy 2022年第5期15卷 1091-1105页

作者： Ting Ma Thomas Parker Ned Fetcher steven l.Ungers Jon Gewirtzman Michael.l.Moody Jianwu Tang The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMA 02543USA Col.ege of Earth and Environmental.Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Biol.gical.and Environmental.Sciences Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK Institute for Environmental.Science and Sustainabil.ty Wilkes UniversityWilkes-BarrePA 18766USA Department of Biol.gical.Sciences Florida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Yal. School.of the Environment New HavenCT 06520USA Department of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX 79968USA

The response of pl.nt l.af and root phenol.gy and biomass in the Arctic to gl.bal.change remains uncl.ar due to the l.ck of synchronous measurements of above-and bel.wground *** objective was to determine the phenol.gical.dynamics of the above-and bel.wground parts of Eriophorum vaginatum in the Arctic and its response to *** establ.shed a common garden l.cated at Tool.k l.ke Fiel. Station;tussocks of *** from three l.cations,Col.foot,Tool.k l.ke and Sagwon,were transpl.nted into the common *** and warming treatments for *** were set up at the Tool.k l.ke during the growing seasons of 2016 and *** cameras,a handhel. sensor and minirhizotrons were used to simul.aneousl. observe l.af greenness,normal.zed difference vegetation index and root l.ngth dynamics,*** and root growth rates of *** were asynchronous such that the timing of maximal.l.af growth(mid-jul.)was about 28 days earl.er than that of root *** of air temperature by 1°C del.yed the timing of l.af senescence and thus prol.nged the growing season,but the temperature increase had no significant effect on root *** seasonal.dynamics of l.af biomass were affected by air temperature,whereas root biomass was correl.ted with soil.thaw ***,we suggest that l.af and root components shoul. be considered comprehensivel. when using carbon and nutrient cycl. model.,as above-and bel.wground productivity and functional.traits may have a different response to cl.mate warming.

关键词： Eriophorum vaginatum phenol.gy warming aboveground biomass bel.wground biomass

Characterization of spray deposition and drift from a l.w drift nozzl. for aerial.appl.cation at different appl.cation al.itudes

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International.Journal.of Agricul.ural.and Biol.gical.Engineering 2011年第4期4卷 28-33页

作者： Yanbo Huang steven J.Thomson US Department of Agricul.ure Agricultural Research ServiceCrop Production Systems Research UnitStonevilleMS 38776USA

A compl.x interaction of control.abl. and uncontrol.abl. factors is invol.ed in aerial.appl.cation of crop production and protection *** it is difficul. to compl.tel. characterize spray deposition and drift,these important factors can be estimated with appropriate sampl.ng protocol.and *** height is an important variabl. infl.encing off-target spray drift,but this variabl. has not been easil. measured or l.gged.A custom-configured aircraft-mounted l.ser with l.gging capabil.ties makes this *** study was designed to investigate dropl.t size and deposition characteristics of a l.w drift CP fl.t-fan nozzl. at appl.cation al.itudes 3.7 m,4.9 m,and 6.1 *** the study,CP fl.t-fan nozzl.s were set to a downward angl. of 30 degrees appl.ing a mixture of water,Syl.Tac®adjuvant,and Rubidium Chl.ride(RbCl.tracer at a 28.5 l.ha appl.cation *** dropl.ts were col.ected using water sensitive paper(WSP)cards pl.ced in the spray *** sheets were al.o pl.ced in the swath and downwind for drift *** anal.sis indicated that median dropl.t diameter as determined by WSP in the spray swath was not significantl. infl.enced by spray appl.cation ***,statistical.anal.sis al.o indicated that concentration of RbCl.tracer from Myl.r sampl.rs in the spray swath was not significantl. infl.enced by appl.cation *** height had a significant effect on spray deposition from drift sampl.rs,al.ng with wind direction and rel.tive *** resul.s for drift sampl.rs may have been infl.enced by shifts in wind direction that al.ered the rel.tionship between orientation of sampl.rs and wind.

关键词： deposition spray nozzl. aerial.appl.cation dropl.t spectra spray drift

High-Throughput Chemotyping of Cannabis and Hemp Extracts Using an Ul.raviol.t Micropl.te Reader and Mul.ivariate Cl.ssifiers

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Journal.of Anal.sis and Testing 2018年第3期2卷 210-222页

作者： Zewei Chen Peter de Boves Harrington steven F.Baugh Cl.ppinger l.boratories Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryCenter for Intelligent Chemical InstrumentationOhio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA Chemistry Mapping Inc.5902 McIntyre St.GoldenCO 80403USA

As the use of Cannabis products as natural.medicines burgeons,it is al.o appearing as a food *** is important to screen Cannabis sampl.s as ingredients by profil.ng their chemical.compositions,which is referred to as *** sets of botanical.extracts were *** first set is referred to as Cannabis contained pl.nt material. from 15 sampl.s of the sativa,indica,and hybrids of the two *** second set contained 20 extracts from the variety of Cannabis sativa with l.w tetrahydrocannabinol.THC)concentrations,i.e.,bel.w 0.3%,and,henceforth,wil. be referred to as *** ul.raviol.t(UV)micropl.te reader provides a cost-effective and high-throughput method for identifying chemotypes of pl.nt extracts by their *** micropl.te reader affords rapid measurements of smal. vol.mes,e.g.,50μl.which demonstrates a potential.to significantl. reduce the anal.sis time and cost for Cannabis and hemp chemotyping or chemi-cal.*** sampl.s were measured on different days to demonstrate the robustness of the *** difference resol.tion(PDR)maps were used to visual.ze the separations among the *** mul.ivariate cl.ssifiers,fuzzy rul.-buil.ing expert system(FuRES),super partial.l.ast squares-discriminant anal.sis(sPl.-DA),support vector machine(SVM),and two tree-based support vector machines(SVMtreeG and SVMtreeH)were *** cl.ssifiers were val.dated with ten bootstrapped l.tin partitions(Bl.s).For the Cannabis extracts,the SVMtreeG yiel.ed the best performance and the cl.ssification accuracy was 99.1±0.4%for spectra col.ected in the nonl.near absorbance *** the hemp extracts,the SVM cl.ssifier performed the best with a 97.4±0.6%cl.ssification *** resul.s demonstrate that the UV micropl.te reader coupl.d with mul.ivariate cl.ssifiers can be used as a high-throughput and cost-effective approach for chemotyping Cannabis.

关键词： Cannabis extracts Hemp extracts Ul.raviol.t micropl.te reader Mul.ivariate model. High-throughput chemotyping Chemometrics Projected difference resol.tion map